How many people were there in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Song Dynasty? How are the figures worked out?

Speaking of the riverside scene on Qingming Festival, I believe many people are true. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a picture created by Zhang Zeduan, a famous poet and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. This work is very beautiful and is still on display in the museum. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows all the social features of the Northern Song Dynasty. Speaking of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was actually a very classic dynasty. At that time, people in the Northern Song Dynasty lived a prosperous life and had a harmonious scene. So, how is the number of people in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival calculated in the Northern Song Dynasty? Let's look at the details!

Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted the immortal masterpiece The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is priceless in the painting history of China. It is a long scroll genre painting created by realistic means, which vividly reproduces the prosperous scene of Bianjing Chengping period in the Northern Song Dynasty through a detailed description of street life. The first collector of this painting was Song Huizong, who wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in fine gold. This masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its publication, and is the goal of later emperors and dignitaries.

Zhang Zeduan's "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is so huge that it must have a meaning. So what do the words "Qingming Festival" and "Riverside Scene" mean?

Experts and scholars in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, through textual research on Tomb-Sweeping Day, have come to three views: First, the meaning of Tomb-Sweeping Day; Second, "the significance of Qingming Square"; Third, the meaning of "Qingming Shi Sheng".

Experts and scholars who hold the view of "Tomb-Sweeping Day" include the late Mr. Zheng Zhenduo, an expert on cultural relics, and Mr. Xu Bangda, an expert on calligraphy and painting. Mr Zheng Zhenduo even pointed out that it was Tomb-Sweeping Day that day.

The expert and scholar who holds the view of "Qingming Square" is the late Mr. Kong from Kaifeng Middle School in Henan. 198 1 Mr. Kong published an article "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival-Questioning" in Art magazine. In his article, Mr. Kong believes that autumn scenery was painted by textual research on charcoal, stones, fans, watermelons and costumes. Qingming means "Qingming Square".

There is a famous expert, Mr. Shi Shuqing, who holds the view of "Qingming Prosperity". Mr. Shi Shuqing pointed out: "Qingming does not refer to the day of Tomb-Sweeping Day, but as a kind of morality to praise the peaceful and prosperous times. Qingming means political clarity. "

How to estimate the number of people on the riverside map at Qingming Festival?

Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down in China, which has high historical value and artistic level. But how many people in the painting have different opinions, which varies greatly.

Due to the large number of people and different sizes on the Qingming Riverside Map, it is difficult to make accurate statistics. Therefore, how many people are painted in each book varies greatly. It has always been thought that the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has more than 500 characters, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 boats, cars and sedan chairs.

However, after an old gentleman got a copy of this painting, he accurately counted the figures on the painting and found that there were 8 15 people on the riverside scene at Qingming Festival. The original statement was too wrong. His statistical method was to put a grain of rice on everyone in the picture. After all the arrangements are made, count how many grains of rice there are. He counted several times, and 8 15 was his final answer.

On the other hand, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival is divided into two parts, one is the countryside and the other is the market. There are 8 14 people, more than 60 livestock, 28 ships, more than 30 buildings, 20 cars, 8 cars and more than 70 trees/kloc-0. There is another saying, according to the statistics of Zhuotang Culture Volume 8 written by Kenji Saito, there are 1643 people and 208 animals on the painting. No one knows how many people are there on the riverside at Qingming Festival.

Why don't you know the number of people in an existing famous painting? I believe many people have this question. That's because the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival is 24.8 cm wide and 528.7 cm long, and it is huge, including people from all walks of life, including handyman, juggler, actor, beggar, almsgiving monk, fortune teller, spiritual practitioner, innkeeper, teacher, miller, ironworker, carpenter, mason and scholar.

The figures in the painting are shoulder to shoulder and there are a sea of people. It's hard to count. There are still many people in the painting who are not plump, only "busts" exist, and some even have a pair of feet. In addition, some bearers are carrying sedan chairs. Does the person in the sedan chair count as the person in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival? If this person does not appear in the picture, if not, then there is a person in the sedan chair, and it is impossible to count.

There are many situations like this in the painting, and there are many reasons why the characters in the painting are very different. For example, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has many replicas, the most famous of which is the replica collected by the Palace Museum in Taiwan. This is the work of five painters in the Qing Palace Painting Academy in the first year of Qianlong.

Now we still don't know how many people are in the painting, but people should pay attention to the artistic characteristics and historical value of the painting, which explains why the Palace Museum doesn't announce how many people are there.

How the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival Reflects Bianjing City Economy

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down by China. It is the only remaining masterpiece of Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a national treasure, which is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is 25.2 cm wide and 528.7 cm long. In the form of a long scroll, the scattered perspective composition method is used to vividly record the city appearance of Bianjing, China in the12nd century and the living conditions of people from all walks of life at that time.

The Song Dynasty was the beginning of China's modernization. Great progress has been made in silk, tea, papermaking, shipbuilding, porcelain burning, textiles, lacquerware, agriculture, etc., movable type printing was invented, education was popularized, and the style of writing was prosperous.

There are more than 20 passenger ships, large and small, on the riverside at Qingming Festival. It can be seen that the advanced shipbuilding industry led the prosperity of ocean transportation in Song Dynasty.

Paintings ranging from barges to rivets are sketches. There are a large number of farmers, soldiers and scholars, and their information covers a huge number, which is very typical even from a modern point of view.

Advanced shipbuilding technology brings prosperity to ocean transportation. Docked by the river is "Shiwan Ship", which can carry 1 10,000 stones (about 500 tons or more). The rope nailed to the shore and the ladder board of getting on and off the ship are clearly visible, and there is also a balance rudder at the stern of the Shiwan ship to ensure smooth navigation. Tomb-Sweeping Day is not only a time for grave-sweeping, but also a day when the water transport line from Huainan to Bianhe in Shi Jing in Li Qian starts every year. Because the Bianhe River will be frozen in winter, the water volume of the Yellow River will be reduced, and navigation will be suspended every winter, and navigation will be resumed in Qingming the next year. This is a very important period. Hotels by the river are used for rest and replenishment. There are rows of nail caps on the hull of Shiwan ship, which can gradually increase the firmness of the hull.

There are more than 20 passenger and cargo ships, large and small, on the riverside at Qingming Festival. Some ships are full of goods and go upstream, some dock to unload goods, and some boatmen wash clothes on board, showing the quiet life on board. It can be seen that the advanced shipbuilding industry led the prosperity of ocean transportation in Song Dynasty.

Not only by the river, but also entering the inner city is a lively scene. There are riders on the road, a group of camels leaving the city, and businesses are on both sides of the street. The third room on the right hand side in front of the city gate is a house without a signboard, which may be a tax office. There are some goods waiting to be taxed at the door. The tax official in the room sat at the desk to register, and there was a screen of celebrity calligraphy behind him. This is a very popular calligraphy layout in the Northern Song Dynasty. There seems to be a tradition of famous painters and calligraphers at home today.

The most dazzling shop on the Qingming Riverside Map is Xiangfengzheng Store. There are colored doors and balls in front of the hotel gate. Written in the second year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1 127), Dream of China in Tokyo records that restaurants in Shi Jing are decorated in this way. There are more than 100 shops mentioned in Dream in Tokyo, of which hotels and restaurants account for more than half. There are 72 five-star hotels in Tokyo, which are called "main shops". "Xiangfengzheng Store" is the main store, and it also has a license to make and sell wine, which can be seen from the embroidered flag decoration of Cailou Huanmen.

There is also a fragrant drugstore on the riverside at Qingming Festival. In the Song Dynasty, incense was widely used. Usually used in various religious sacrificial activities, such as offering sacrifices to gods, worshipping buddhas, worshipping ancestors, etc. The annual income of Xiangyi Hospital is 500,000 yuan. The overseas trade in the Northern Song Dynasty was called "fragrant medicine trade". During the period of 1974, many Confucian incense, borneol incense, sandalwood and agarwood were found on Song boats unearthed in Quanzhou, weighing 4000 Jin. Spice, tea, salt and alum were all luxuries in the Song Dynasty, which brought a lot of profits to the government and should be monopolized.

Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly depicts the prosperity on the Bianhe River, which provides rich reference illustrations for ancient shipbuilding and architecture, and is of great help to art history, economic history, science and technology history and anthropology.