Why is zhouzhi county called "the first county in the world"?

Zhouzhi county is a county under the jurisdiction of Xi City, 68 kilometers away from Xi, and it is a famous big county in Guanzhong Plain. The southwest is high and the northeast is low, and the mountainous area accounts for 76.4%. There are Louguantai, the birthplace of Taoist culture, Xianyou Temple, the birthplace of Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Qinling National Botanical Garden, the world's largest botanical garden. Zhouzhi county is the largest kiwifruit production base in China, the largest water supply base in the urban area of Xi, and a national ecological demonstration county. Zhouzhi has a beautiful environment and beautiful scenery. There are dozens of national first-class protected animals such as giant panda, takin and golden monkey in Qinling Mountains. It governs 376 administrative villages in 22 towns with a total area of 2,974 square kilometers. By 2065,438+02, the total population is 672,000 (agricultural population is 608,000), and the sex ratio at birth is 65,438+008.3: 65,438+000.

The development of history

Zhouzhi county was located in the Yao and Shun period in Shaanxi Province, China (about the 24th century before), and it was said that Zhou belonged to Luo.

The Western Zhou Dynasty (about 1 1 century ~ 77 1) belongs to the capital city.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, from the eighth year of Qin Xianggong to the twelfth year of filial piety (770-350 BC), it was under the jurisdiction of the State of Qin.

From the twelfth year of the Warring States to the twenty-fifth year of the King of Qin (350-222 BC), Zhou was a martial art.

Qin dynasty (2265438 BC+0 ~ 206 BC) belongs to internal history.

In the first year of Liu Bang (206 BC), the ancestor of the Han family in the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yong State. In the second year (the first 205 years), it was changed to Zhongli County. The ninth year of Emperor Gaozu (198) was changed to Zuowen History. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (former 135), it was changed to Right Civil History. In the first year of Taichu (before 104), zhouzhi county was established, and the administrative office was located in Zhongnan Town, which belonged to Youfufeng.

In the third year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (27), zhouzhi county was merged into Wugong County and placed under Fufeng County.

In the first year of Jianxing in the Western Jin Dynasty (3 13), zhouzhi county moved to Fufeng County.

In 446, in the seventh year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wugong County was merged into zhouzhi county and placed under Fufeng County. In the 11th year of Taihe (487), the original Wugong County was separated from zhouzhi county, and zhouzhi county still belonged to Fufeng County.

The Western Wei Dynasty still followed the old system of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

In the second year of Ming Di in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (558), Zhouzhi belonged to Zhongnan County. The county seat is located in Jinzhong South Town. Tianhe two years (567), the final analysis of Nanjun, Hengzhou is located in the former site, Zhouzhi belongs to its governance. From Zhouzhi, Cangcheng County and Wentang County are divided. Zhouzhi County moved to the vicinity of Ganhe Township in Huxian County, Cangchengfu was located near Cangyu Village in Zhuyu Township, Wentangfu was located in Wenquan Village in Guangji Township, and all three counties were placed under Hengzhou. In the third year of Jiande (574), zhouzhi county moved to this site. Zhou Nan County is located in Hengzhou, which belongs to the town of Erqu, and governs Zhouzhi, Cangcheng and Wentang counties. In the second year of Elephant (580), Cangcheng and Wentang were merged into zhouzhi county.

In the third year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (583), the abandoned county and zhouzhi county were placed under Jingzhao County.

In the third year of Tang Wude (620), Hengzhou was abolished and zhouzhi county was transferred to Jizhou. The eastern part of zhouzhi county is located in Nanxian County, now Nanzhen Town, where it turns to Yongzhou. Jizhou was abandoned in the first year of Zhenguan (627), and Zhouzhi and Zhongnan counties were placed under Yongzhou. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), it was abandoned in Nanxian County, still returned to Zhouzhi and transferred to Yongzhou. In the second year (69 1), Jizhou was established and zhouzhi county belonged to it. In the first year of Dazu (70 1), Jizhou was abandoned and zhouzhi county was transferred to Yongzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), zhouzhi county was renamed Yishou County, which was placed under Yongzhou. In the second year of Zhide (757), Yishou County was abolished, zhouzhi county was restored, and it was placed under Jingzhao House. In the second year of Ganning (895), it was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao Government. In the year of Guangfu (90 1), zhouzhi county was assigned to Fengxiang House.

In the second year of Kaiping in Hou Liang (908), Jingzhao House was changed to Da 'an House, and zhouzhi county belonged to it.

In the first year of Tongguang in the later Tang Dynasty (923), he was transferred to Fengxiang House; In the third year (925), it was transferred to Fengxiang House.

After Jin, Han and Zhou dynasties, they all followed the old system of the late Tang Dynasty.

In the first year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 107), the Qingping Army was set up in Zhongnan Town and Zhouzhi County in the east. The military and county governments are all in Zhongnan Town, which is classified as Jingzhao House, while zhouzhi county is still classified as Fengxiang House.

In the fourth year of Jin Zhenyou (12 16), Hengzhou was established in Dongjinzhai Village, the county seat, which governed Zhouzhi, Zhongnan, Meixian and Li Xiangxiang.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty (1264~ 1278), Hengzhou was abandoned, and finally Nanxian was merged into zhouzhi county, which belonged to Fengxiang House. Sixteen years (1279), Jingzhao House changed to Anxi Road, and Zhouzhi belonged to it. During the reign of the Qing Emperor (13 12), Anxi Road was changed to Fengyuan Road, and Zhouzhi belonged to it.

In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), in March, Yuan Louis was an anzhai, and Zhou belonged to it.

In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), the Angolan government ruled the week.

In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the abandoned government set up a road, and Zhouzhi belonged to Guanzhong Road. 1 1 year (1922), Zhouzhi County is directly under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Zhouzhi belonged to the ninth administrative supervision area. In 36 years (1947), it was transferred to the tenth administrative supervision area.

1May 30, 949 zhouzhi county was liberated.

People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * 1949 65438+ 10 1 Xianyang Administrative Inspector Office (hereinafter referred to as Xianyang Institution) is under its jurisdiction. 1953 revoked Xianyang exclusive, and zhouzhi county was placed under the jurisdiction of Baoji agency. /kloc-revoked in 0/956, and Zhouzhi was directly under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province. 1958 Meixian was merged into zhouzhi county. 196 1 year, Xianyang was re-established, and Meixian County was separated from Zhouzhi and was under the jurisdiction of Xianyang City. It was quickly transferred to Xianyang for special use. 1968 Xianyang was changed to Xianyang Revolutionary Committee, and Zhouzhi was under its jurisdiction. 1984 zhouzhi county is under the jurisdiction of Xi 'an.

Zhouzhi county Administrative Division Map 1949 On May 30th, zhouzhi county was liberated, and the original town was renamed as District. In the second half of the year, Wugong County No.3 Factory (in Gaowang) was placed under Zhouzhi. The county has 15 districts, and governs 123 townships.

1950 In May, the original 15 was divided into 10 area, which governed10/township. Chengguan District (in Chengguan Town) governs 1 1 villages and towns; Mazhao District (in Nanshenzhai) governs 10 townships; Sizhu District (in Xinjiazhai) governs 9 townships; Bai Ya District (in Bai Ya Town) governs 12 townships; Zhuyu District (in Lingmei Village) governs 8 townships; Louguan District (in Jiao Town) governs 8 townships; Six districts (south of Jixian County) govern 1 1 towns; Anzu District (in Anzu Town) governs 1 1 township; Ganhe District (in Song Cun) governs 10 townships; Central South District (in Zhongnan Town) governs 1 1 villages and towns. 1965 Three brigades of Samsung, Sanhe and * * * Guang were appointed to form Ganyuwan Commune, and the old Shuimo Commune was moved to Anjaqi Commune and renamed Anjaqi Commune.

1980, part of Guangji Commune was set aside to establish Luo Yu Commune, and the former Chengguan Commune was divided into Situn, Xinjiazhai, Houjiacun, Chengguan Commune and Chengguan Town. The county has 29 communes, 1 community-level town and 30 administrative units: Chengguan, Houjiacun, Situn, Xinjiazhai, Xiaofeixiang, Tsinghua, Zhuyu, Cuifeng, Guangji, Ma Zhao, Louguan, Jixian, Jiu Feng, Shangcun, Zhongnan, Sizhu, Furen and Michael Chen.

1984, the original commune was renamed township, the brigade was renamed village, and the production team was renamed villagers' group; In addition, Yabai, Zhongnan and Louguan Commune were renamed as towns; The original Chengguan Commune and Chengguan Town were merged into Erqu Town. From 65438 to 0985, there were 29 township governments in zhouzhi county, which governed 363 villagers' committees, 4 residents' committees and 2,489 villagers' groups.

In 2009, zhouzhi county administered 9 towns, 13 townships: Erqu Town, Bai Ya Town, Zhongnan Town, Louguan Town, Shangcun Town, Mazhao Town, guangji town Town, Jixian Town, Houfanzi Town, Houjiacun Township, Situn Township, Xinjiazhai Township, Cuifeng Township, Zhuyu Township and Qinghua Township.

Animal resources

There are more than 40 kinds of antelope mammals, such as leopard, green sheep, antelope, deer, musk deer, fox, wild boar, badger and so on. There are more than 230 species of birds, including golden pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, white-faced tit, spotted woodpecker, Songhua chicken, long-tailed blue magpie, yellow magpie and magpie.

Precious animals include national first-class protected animals, such as giant panda, golden monkey and golden-haired pronghorn, second-class protected animals, such as giant salamander, leopard, impala, red panda, golden cat and golden pheasant, and third-class protected animals, such as forest musk deer and leopard cat.

There are more than 30 kinds of crop pests. Natural enemies of crop pests 126 species.

Forest pests 174 species. Natural enemies of forest pests 12 species. Like Trichogramma.

There are 4 orders, 7 families, 2 1 species of natural fish in Hechi, and the fish with economic value are carp, crucian carp, salmon, catfish and eel. Economic aquatic animals are: soft-shelled turtle, shrimp, mussel, snail, frog and so on. Rare fish and aquatic animals are: giant salamander, Qinling salmon and so on. Cultured fish are: grass, silver carp, eel, bream and carp. There are grass carp, herring, silver carp, silver carp, bream, carp and so on. There are turtles, shrimps, eels, mussels, snails and crabs. There are 60 genera and species of zooplankton in 4 categories (protozoa, cladocera, rotifer and hand and foot).

Zhouzhi county forest region provides a good living environment for wildlife to inhabit and multiply. There are more than 270 kinds of animals in the forest. Among them, there are more than 40 kinds of mammals such as black bear, leopard, green sheep, antelope, deer, musk deer, fox, wild boar and badger. There are more than 230 species such as black pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, white-faced tit, spotted woodpecker, Songhua chicken, long-tailed blue magpie, yellow magpie and magpie. Precious animals include national first-class protected animals, such as giant panda, golden monkey and golden pronghorn, second-class protected animals, such as giant salamander, leopard, impala, red panda and golden pheasant, and third-class protected animals, such as forest musk deer and leopard cat.

plant resources

There are many kinds of vegetation in zhouzhi county Botanical Garden. There are 640 genera and 550 species of seed plants 12 1 family in Taibai Mountain. There are 302 species of bryophytes belonging to 63 families 142 genera; In addition, there are plenty of ferns, lichens and fungi. There are also endemic plants in Taibai Mountain and Guangtou Mountain in Houfanzi Township, with 29 single genera, 1 endemic genus and 150 endemic species.

There are 8 phyla 100 genera and species of phytoplankton in the waters of this county.

The total grassland area is 980,000 mu (including 43,500 mu of grassland over 300 mu, 654,380 mu of scattered grassland with gaps in agriculture and forestry in mountainous areas+054,000 mu, and 782,500 mu of edible shrub grassland in mountainous areas). The available area is 970,000 mu, and the yield of fresh grass per mu is 4 14 kg, the total output is more than 40,000 kg, the forage consumption is 22,000 kg, and the stocking capacity is 6,543,800+2,000 sheep units.

1989 utilized grassland area188,000 mu (the area needed for grazing livestock), accounting for 19% of all available grassland area in the county. The main herbs are awn, Carex, bothriochloa ischaemum, yellow-backed grass, thatch, anemone, wild pea and so on. , high quality. The county's annual output of weeds (dry) is 9.46 million kilograms, mainly including sand grass, white grass, centipede, bitter yeast and wild oats. The nutritional value is very high. In the grass season, it is cut and fed to livestock and sheep, and the high quality is used to feed pigs and chickens. 、

Zhouzhi county forest region spans the north and south of Qinling Mountains, belonging to the mixed zone of north subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest and north warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. There are 2,388,500 mu of forest land, accounting for 55.6% of Xi, mainly distributed in mountainous areas. More than 960,000 mu of grassland is a good natural base for developing beef cattle.

culture

Zhouzhi folk literature and art-fighting between bulls and tigers Zhouzhi folk art originated from totem worship and ritual celebrations. The ancient music of Jixian County and the Taoist sentiment of Zhai Jun are known as music fossils; Bullfighting tiger and splint dance have won national, provincial and municipal awards; Qin Opera originated in the late Ming Dynasty and flourished in the contemporary era. Qu Ci Society, self-help classes, shadow play and puppets are all constantly new. Folk proverbs, legends and handicrafts are unique; Calligraphy and sports have a long history. This is the crystallization of people's spiritual culture in past dynasties.

Zhouzhi modern culture began in the middle of the Republic of China, and gradually introduced singing, newspapers, black and white silent movies, track and field, and ball games. Modern culture began after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and departments such as Culture Bureau, Radio and Television Bureau, Sports Commission and County Archives Bureau were set up to develop and manage cultural undertakings. Movies, TV, cable speakers, TV videos, tape recorders, newspapers and magazines are becoming more and more popular. Since 1987, yellow and harmful literary and artistic contents have infiltrated the society. The county party committee and government have organized many times to eliminate pornography, and collected and destroyed a large number of obscene books, periodicals and audio-visual products. 1989 has 1 radio station, 1 TV disc, 1 county theater, workers' club, county drama school, film company, cultural center, library, bookstore, cinema, theater, stadium and 3 cultural relics management offices. Villages and towns have cultural stations (centers), film teams, book cities, as well as private bookstores and film teams, which are active in people's cultural life.

travel

Louguantai, one of the birthplaces of Taoist culture, is the place where Laozi taught the classics of Tao Te Ching, and the eternal farewell song "Song of Eternal Sorrow" written by Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born here, and Bai Juyi served as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County. Wangfata is a national key cultural relic, which is famous at home and abroad because of the excavation of Buddhist cultural relics in Sui Dynasty. Yakumota, which stands in the west of the county seat, is a Tang Dynasty building, and was approved by the State Council to be included in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Taibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains, is 3,767 meters above sea level, which has also left a magical and beautiful legend and attracted a large number of Chinese and foreign guests to visit. Erqu Town, where the county seat is located, was named after the Ming and Qing philosophers Li Yong (Erqu), Sun Qifeng and Huang Zongxi, who were also called the three masters of Confucianism.