What is the life of Song Huizong, an art-loving emperor?

Song Huizong (1082 ~ 1 135), the second declining emperor after the Northern Song Dynasty, was an emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty in China and a painter. Eleven sons of Song Shenzong, the brother of Zhezong. Zhezong died of illness, and the queen mother made him emperor. He was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty (reigned1100 ~1125), and was captured and sentenced for 25 years. He died at the age of 54 and was buried in Yongyou Mausoleum (now 35 miles southeast of Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province).

During his reign, Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Gao Qiu and other treacherous court officials presided over state affairs, plundered the wealth of the people, and were extravagant and dissolute. Establish an article manufacturing bureau dedicated to the royal family. They also searched around for exotic flowers and stones and transported them to Kaifeng, called "Flower Stone Class", to build Yanfu Palace and Genyue. He believed in Taoism and claimed to be "the ancestor of Daojun Emperor". He built a large number of temples, set up 26 Taoist officials and paid Taoist salaries. During his reign, the rebellion led by Fang La and Song Jiang broke out. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), he sent envoys to make peace with the rulers and attack Liao. In the seventh year of Xuanhe, Jin Jun went south to attack the Song Dynasty. He was transferred to Zhao Huan (Qinzong) and claimed to be the emperor's father. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he was captured by Jin Bing together with Qin Zong. Later, he was imprisoned in the north and died in Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang). During his twenty-six years in office, he was incompetent in governing the country, but his artistic talent was quite high. Calligraphy is called "thin golden body", and handed down paintings include "Furong Golden Rooster" and "Late Autumn by the Pool". , and can be used in poetry.

Posthumous title of Song Huizong is a filial emperor who is integrated with body and mind, a sage and virtuous. I really don't know how the etiquette officials in the Southern Song Dynasty came up with such a pile of compliments. At first glance, this pile of posthumous title, a man who doesn't know history, may be an excellent emperor, but although he didn't make any achievements as an emperor, he left a precious wealth for future generations in art.

Song Huizong also believed in Taoism, built a large number of temples, claimed to be the founder of Daojun Emperor, and often invited Taoist priests to tell fortune. His birthday was May 5th, and the Taoist thought it was unlucky, so he changed his name to10+00. His zodiac sign is a dog, so killing dogs is forbidden in Bianjing City.

1 125, 10 years, the Jin army invaded the south on a large scale, and the East Route Army led by the commander of the Jin army took Bianjing directly under the command of Guo, a rebel in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Huizong received the newspaper, hastily ordered the cancellation of Hua Shigang, and wrote a letter to the guilty person, admitting some of his mistakes, in order to save the hearts of the people. Nomads from the army marched in haste, approaching Bianjing. Huizong was afraid and anxious, holding the minister's hand and saying, "I didn't expect Jin people to treat me like this." Before I finished, I choked and fainted in front of the bed. After being rescued, he reached for a pen and paper and wrote the words "Pass on the Crown Prince". In 65438+February, he announced his abdication, claiming to be "the emperor's father" and giving way to Zhao Huan (Qin Zong). Cai Jing, Tong Guan and other thieves fled to Mengcheng, Bozhou, Anhui (now Mengcheng, Anhui). In April of the following year, the nomads from the siege of Bianjing were repelled by Li Gang and returned to the north, and Song Huizong returned to Bianjing.

At the end of a.d. 1 126 leap 1 1, the nomads from the army went south again. 65438+February 65438+May 5, Bianjing was breached, Di Chin abolished Song Huizong, and Zhao Huan was Shu Ren. 1 127 at the end of March, escort Hui Di and Qin, together with thousands of empresses, royalty and officials, as well as musicians, skilled craftsmen, French drivers, ceremonial ceremonies, crown costumes, ritual vessels, astronomical instruments, treasures and toys, imperial books and maps of the world's state capitals, to the north of Bianjing. So it happened in Jingkang period, which is called "the shame of Jingkang" in history.

It is said that when Song Huizong heard that the treasure was looted, he didn't care. When he heard that the Royal Library was also robbed, he sighed. Song Huizong was humiliated on the way to be escorted. First, the love princess Wang Wanrong was forcibly taken away by Jinjiang. Then, after arriving in the capital of Xu Jin Guo, he was ordered to wear mourning clothes with Zhao Huan and visit the temple in Akuta, Jin Taizu, which means that Di Chin dedicated the prisoners to his ancestors. Later, Song Huizong was humiliated by Di Chin and imprisoned in Hanzhou (now Changtu County, Liaoning Province), and then moved to Wu Guocheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang Province) to be imprisoned. During his imprisonment, Song Huizong suffered mental torture and wrote many gloomy, sad and desolate poems, such as:

The west wind broke the door all night, and Eden was depressed; Looking back at my hometown, there are no geese flying in the south of the mountain.

However, his remorse was limited to "all the rivers and mountains were mistaken by ministers", and he did not realize that it was his fatuous luxury that led to the end of national subjugation and made him a prisoner. In July of A.D. 1 127, Cao Xun, a courtier, secretly fled Jin to the Southern Song Dynasty and gave him a vest that said, "You (Song Gaozong) come and save your parents." Song Huizong showed these words to the courtiers around him, and all the courtiers cried. Song Huizong cried and exhorted Cao Xun, remembering to tell Emperor Gaozong "Don't forget the pain of my northbound journey", then took out a white gauze handkerchief to wipe his tears, and then gave it to Cao Xun, saying, "Let the emperor (Emperor Gaozong) know that I miss my old country and shed tears."

Song Huizong was imprisoned for nine years. 1/kloc-0 died in Wu Guocheng on Jiazi Day in April, 35. Jin Xizong buried him in Guangning, Henan Province (near Luoyang City, Henan Province). On 11August 421day, Song and Jin transported the body back to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) as agreed, and buried it in the mausoleum.

During Song Huizong's reign, he extensively collected antiques, calligraphy and painting, expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy, and asked civil servants to edit books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Painting Spectrum and Xuanhe Bo Gu Picture, which greatly promoted and advocated the art of painting. Playing the bomb, painting and calligraphy, singing and lyrics are all good. I have a lot of works in my life, all of which have been lost. The existing paintings include Furong Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in the Pond, Four Birds and Guixue River. There is a collection of Song Huizong's Ci.

Before he became an emperor, he liked painting and calligraphy, and he was connected with painters, such as Xu and Zhao Lingmi's imperial clan. After he acceded to the throne, he was politically incompetent, but he made great achievements in painting and calligraphy, and made important contributions to the development of China's painting, one of which was his emphasis on and development of the Academy of Painting. In the third year of Chongning (1 104), paintings were established and formally included in the imperial examination to attract painters from all over the world. Painting credits include Buddhism, Taoism, figures, landscapes, birds and animals, flowers and trees, houses and trees, and ancient poems are selected as examination questions. After being admitted, they are divided into "scholar flow" and "miscellaneous flow" according to their identity, living in different places, cultivating and constantly assessing. Those who enter the Academy will be awarded the titles of painting correction, art study, waiting for imperial edict, honouring and painting student. At that time, the status of painters was obviously improved, and both clothing and salary were higher than other artists. With such generous treatment and Hui Zong's guidance and care for the creation of the Academy as a painter, the creation of the Academy in this period was the most prosperous. Under his instruction, the royal collection was also greatly enriched, and the paintings and calligraphy collected in the palace were compiled into Xuanhe Shupu and Xuanhe Huapu, which became important materials for studying the history of ancient painting today.

Evonne's own creative face is not as exquisite as he asked the painters in the Academy of Painting, but a rough ink painting. Among the works handed down from ancient times, there are many signed works, but the paintings are more detailed, such as "Dragon Stone Map", "Lotus Golden Rooster Map", "Listening to Songs", "Snow River Returning to Mountain Map" (all in the Palace Museum), "Ruihetu" (in the Liaoning Provincial Museum) and "Bamboo and Birds" (in the Metropolitan Museum of America). Both paintings are ink and wash paper, and the brushwork is simple, not flashy and natural. The Autumn Night Map of Pond collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei also belongs to this category.

The famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is also related to this painting and calligraphy emperor. After Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the Millennium, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Huizong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost).

After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the thriving Hui Zong Xuanhe Painting Academy came to an end, and some painters of the Academy gradually gathered in Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and resumed their posts in the Academy, becoming the backbone of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy. Li Tang, Liu Zonggu, Yang Shixian, Li Di, Li Anzhong, Su Hanchen, Julie and Li Congxun all belong to this situation. Although Song Gaozong was not active in politics, he still attached great importance to painting and calligraphy. Especially later, he used painting to serve his politics and organized painters to create. Therefore, in the Southern Song Dynasty, painting activities were mainly centered on the Academy of Painting.

Zhao Ji's representative works:

Yanshan pavilion

Cut the ice, fold it several times and pour the cold fat evenly.

New and beautiful makeup, full of fragrance, ashamed to kill Jolie's ladies-in-waiting.

Easy to wither, more and more, ruthless wind and rain.

Sadness. Idle and desolate, several Spring Festival Galas.

With the hatred of sending them away, the swallows could no longer speak.

The sky is far away, and there are thousands of waters in Qian Shan. I know where the Forbidden City is.

Why not think about it, except in dreams, sometimes I'm gone.

There is no evidence. And dreams, sometimes not.

Song Huizong Evonne is a famous bad king in the history of China. His character, as described in the Water Margin, is: "There is no general ignorance, no general ignorance, and no general aversion to this floating children's family; In other words, if you can play chess, calligraphy, painting, playing football, playing the piano, singing and dancing, it goes without saying "; In governing the country, he is stupid and decadent, and he values evil, which is really a mediocre talent; Diplomatically, he was weak and humiliated, and finally became a prisoner; In life, he was extravagant and extravagant, and believed in the gods. He asked Zhang Jiguang, the 30th generation of Shi Tian, for advice on immortality many times, and called himself "Emperor Daojun, the leader of the school". As a monarch, he stole chickens and dogs, dug a tunnel from the palace to the brothel, and had a private meeting with the famous prostitute Li Shishi. Song Huizong also likes playing football, antiques and jade. These are all expressed in the Water Margin.

In fact, Song Huizong and Evonne are not as useless as described in Water Margin. He is a famous painter and calligrapher. He made achievements and contributions to the development of fine arts. His "thin gold book" is highly valued by calligraphers, and coins such as Chongning Daguan written in this font are even more popular among collectors. The Book History Society commented: "Hui Zong's cursive brushwork is correct, vigorous and free and easy. He is a beginner in learning discipline, changing his statutes, calling himself a thin book, and being natural with his heart. " His paintings attach great importance to sketching, especially flower-and-bird paintings, and attach great importance to details, so they are famous for their accuracy and realism. It is said that the litchi in front of Xuanhe Temple once bore fruit, and the peacock pecked at the fallen litchi under the tree. On a whim, Evonne ordered the painters to draw a picture of litchi and peacock for him to enjoy. After reading the painter's works, he said discontentedly, "Although you draw well, it's a pity that you draw all the wrong pictures.". Peacocks often lift their left foot first on the mound, but you draw your right foot first. " The painters didn't believe it at first, but after repeated observation, it was as they said. On another occasion, he went to the Longde Palace to paint and saw a Chinese rose cheering again and again. Many painters are confused. Long live my grandfather's advice. Song Huizong said that among hundreds of flowers, only the rose is rarely painted. The reason is that this flower blooms once a month, and the shape and color of its petals, stamens and leaves will change all year round, morning and evening, so it is difficult to grasp it accurately. The flowers in this painting are Chinese rose flowers that bloom at noon in spring. The painters didn't believe it, so they asked the painter. The painter said that this painting is a flower that blooms at noon in spring. It can be seen that its observation is really fine. Therefore, his masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Lotus Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in Pond, Four Birds and Return of Snow River, are all treasures. He also developed court painting, recruited painters, founded Xuanhe Painting Academy, and trained a number of outstanding painters such as Simon, Zhang Zeduan and Li Tang in Rainbow. I also personally wrote a topic, leaving a story of "Horseshoe fragrance coming back from spring outing". He compiled books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Painting Spectrum, Xuanhe Bo Gu Map, etc. It is a precious historical book in the study of art history, and it still has extremely important reference value.

He believes in Taoism and has done many stupid things and good deeds. He searched many times for Taoist books, set up a Confucian classics bureau, and sorted out Taoist books. Zheng He Wan Shou Dao Cang, compiled during Zheng He's reign, is the first fully published Taoist anthology in China, and it is a precious historical material for studying Taoist history and classics. The History of Taoism and the History of Immortals ordered by him are also the largest biographies of Taoist history and deified figures in the history of China. Song Huizong also personally wrote books such as Notes on Tao Te Ching, Notes on Virtue True Classics and South China True Classics, which provided complete information for the study of Taoist books in China.