Who is Feng Yuxiang?

Feng Yuxiang (1882- 1948), formerly known as Ji Shan, Anhui Chaoren, 1882,165438+1October 6 (September 26, the eighth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty). Father Feng Yuan was a bricklayer, and later joined the army and was transferred to the Liu Mingchuan Department of Huai Army as a sentry. Feng Yuxiang's "childhood" has been struggling in poverty because his parents smoked opium and ran out of wealth. He took part in labor since he was a child, and not only lived in a private school intermittently for one year and three months.

1893, 12-year-old Feng Yuxiang was paid in his father's military camp to supplement his family. 15 years old, officially entered the camp as a soldier. Because he is tall and strong, he is called "Brother Feng". In the military camp, he was diligent and eager to learn. After practice, he buried himself in books, read some military books and exercises, and learned about foreign military exercises. He had no bad habits, so he improved quickly. 1902 was promoted to deputy order of the first shed, 1903 was promoted to main order of the fourth shed, and was promoted to right whistle at the end of the same year. Lu, the standard maker of the 3rd Battalion, valued Feng very much and betrothed his niece Liu Dezhen to him. On 1906, Feng was promoted to the post-2nd battalion officer. The following year, he was transferred to the supervisor of 3rd Battalion and moved to Xinmin Building in Fengtian. 19 10 was promoted to the 3rd battalion management zone of the 80th bid section of Erzhen. At this time, the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty was in turmoil, and the democratic revolutionary movement led by Sun Yat-sen was sweeping across the country. Before that, Feng Yuxiang had carefully read Jiading Slaughterhouse and Ten Days in Yangzhou, which were secretly given to him by his friend Sun Jiansheng, which aroused a strong national consciousness and initially realized that all the phenomena of losing power and humiliating the country were inseparable from the corruption and ignorance of the Qing government, so your patriotic thought changed.

Under the influence of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thought, Feng Yuxiang, Shi and others organized a "Wushu Research Association" in 20 towns of Luanzhou, contacting comrades in the name of reading and secretly engaging in revolutionary activities. At that time, besides Liu Yiqing, chief of staff of the 20th Town, Wang Shiqing, director of the 1st Battalion of the 80th Bid, Zheng Jinsheng, director of the 2nd Battalion, and Sun Yue, staff officer of the 3rd Battalion, there were,, Han Fuju and others.

19110 In June, Wuchang Uprising broke out. 165438+ 10. In October, Feng Yuxiang, Shi and other young officers who participated in the Wushu Research Association responded by sending troops to Luanzhou and announcing the establishment of the Northern Army.

The government of Fang Jun advocated a Republic with electricity between the North and the South, and elected him as Governor Beiyang, Commander-in-Chief Shi, Chief of Staff Feng Yuxiang, and the revolutionary contacted by Sun Yat-sen was promoted to Chief of Staff Bai. However, this uprising was quickly suppressed by the Qing court, and Wang, Shi and Bai were killed 14. Feng was arrested in Haiyang town, and was later dismissed and sent back to his hometown.

After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Shikai seized the fruits of the Revolution of 1911 and established the Beijing government. On the orders of Yuan Shikai, Lu made up the left army, reused Feng Yuxiang, appointed as the battalion commander of the second battalion, and sent him to Jingxian County, Hebei Province to recruit soldiers. This is the beginning for Feng Yuxiang to establish his own mass team. He set his own recruitment standards, accepting only simple and lean young people in the countryside and rejecting anyone who had been a soldier. , Liu Ruming, Shi Yousan, Tong,, etc. Was drafted into the army this time. It turned out that Li Mingzhong and Han Fuju, the old family members of Twenty Towns, joined the army and became the backbone of the Northwest Army he later established. 19 13, the left reserve army was reorganized into the Beijing guard, and Feng Yuxiang was promoted to the head of the left regiment and went to Yancheng, Henan Province to recruit new soldiers. Tian, Ji Hongchang, Liang and others were recruited this time. During his tenure as the head of Beijing garrison, Feng often went to Chongwenmen Church to listen to preachers, and deeply admired the theory of "love" of Christian Jesus. He was baptized by pastor Liu Fang and officially became a Christian. Feng once said to people: "Saving the country must be righteous. Who can correct people's hearts except Jesus? " He believes that "the purpose of Jesus' love for others is consistent with the soldiers' dedication to saving the country" and that "it will be of great benefit if Christianity is deeply promoted in the army". Since then, all the officers and men of Feng Department have been baptized. Feng also set up a chapel in the barracks and invited priests to the middle school every Sunday to preach the doctrine to all the officers and men, so he was called "General Christ".

19 14 In the spring, Lu was ordered to "supervise bandits" and led five brigades to pursue Bai Lang in Shaanxi. Feng Tuan was expanded into the first left-wing brigade, and changed to the fourteenth brigade on the way, with Feng as the brigade commander. In the autumn of that year, the 14th Brigade was reorganized into the 16th Huncheng Brigade, with Feng as the brigade commander.

When Yuan Shikai plotted to restore the monarchy, Feng Yuxiang resolutely took part in the revolutionary activities to overthrow Yuan. 19 15 At the end of the year, led by Wang Shizhen, a veteran of Beiyang, generals above China Travel Service jointly electrified Yuan as emperor. Feng refused to sign, and said to his men, "I armed the martyrs with a lot of blood and dyed the Republic of China red." Now yuan thieves steal, hateful. If our generation of soldiers can't keep the Republic of China, how will they treat the dead martyrs? " When Feng Department was ordered to enter Sichuan to crusade against the Yuan Patriotic Army, he sent someone to secretly contact the Cai E Patriotic Army to achieve a local truce, and took the opportunity to lead the army into Chengdu, prompting the Sichuan general and the police to declare Sichuan independence and break away from Yuan Shikai's Beijing government, which dealt a heavy blow to Yuan's restoration activities.

1in the spring of 933, Japanese imperialism invaded the whole northeast of China and the whole Jehol province. Then, it dispersed its forces and invaded Ping Jin. In May, it occupied Chahar Duolun and went deep into Guyuan, Changbao and Kangbao counties. The situation in North China is critical, and the people all over the country demand more resistance to Japan. Despite Chiang Kai-shek's opposition, Feng Yuxiang organized the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Coalition from Taishan to Zhangjiakou with the help of domestic people, and took office as the commander-in-chief of the Anti-Japanese Coalition on May 26, which won the support and solidarity of patriots and groups from all walks of life across the country, and the Coalition quickly developed to about 80,000 people. Since the end of June, Lien Chan, an anti-Japanese coalition, has succeeded in capturing Kangbao, Changbao and Guyuan successively, fought bloody battles with the enemy for five days and nights, and recovered Duolun, an important town in the northeast of Chahar, which shocked China and foreign countries. Feng Weixin increased greatly, and immediately announced the establishment of the "Planning Committee for Recovering the Four Northeast Provinces" in Zhangjiakou, claiming that he was ready to go through customs to recover the Northeast. Chiang Kai-shek was so jealous that he mobilized 16 Division to implement a comprehensive blockade and siege, and threatened Feng to cancel the Allies and stop fighting against Japan by force. On July 28th, he sent a joint telegram with Wang Jingwei in Lushan Mountain, accusing Feng Yuxiang of "obstructing unified government decrees", "indiscriminately beating stragglers and bandits" and "inciting red flames". 3 1, Beiping authorities ordered the Pingsui railway traffic to be cut off. Allied forces were surrounded by Japanese puppet troops and Kuomintang troops, and food, grass and ammunition were cut off, so military expenses could not be raised and the wounded soldiers could not be sent abroad for medical treatment. In addition, some internal generals wavered and some were bought by Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Yuxiang was at a loss and in a very difficult situation. On August 5, he was forced to "bite the bullet" by electrifying, announced the cancellation of the anti-Japanese joint command on August 9, and left Zhangjiakou for Taishan on June 14.

1935, the Japanese army stepped up its aggression in North China and actively planned the national crisis of the "autonomy movement" in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Chad and Sui provinces, with an unprecedented scale. In order to unite the anti-Japanese forces and resist non-resistance, Feng Yuxiang drafted a 13 opinion on party affairs, politics, diplomacy and military affairs, telegraphed Nanjing, attended the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fourth KMT Central Committee held from1October 6 to1October 6, and put forward a plan for saving the country with more than 20 people including Li Liejun, which was passed. The suggestions include: effectively protecting people's democratic rights, pardoning political prisoners, uniting the world to treat our nation equally, using anti-Japanese generals, and enriching armaments. In February of the same year, Feng was appointed as the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission. This is an empty title with no real power, but it has a high reputation. Feng used this identity to give speeches everywhere, advocating national unity to resist Japan and save the country.

After the "Xi Incident", Chiang Kai-shek was forced to stop the civil war and unite with communist party to resist Japan. 1937 At the Third Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang in February, Feng Yuxiang, Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning and others jointly proposed to restore Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party and assisting the peasants and workers, which were passed. Since then, the Kuomintang has gradually turned to anti-Japanese, and the anti-Japanese national united front advocated by China has initially taken shape.

1937, the "July 7th" Lugouqiao Incident occurred, and the 29th Army of Feng Yuxiang's former headquarters rose up to resist. Feng Yuxiang electrified the generals of the old department and tried to "defend the enemy and protect the family" and "protect the glorious history of thousands of years". After the "August 13th Incident", the full-scale anti-Japanese war broke out, and Feng Yuxiang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the third theater, responsible for directing the anti-Japanese war in Songhu. However, Chiang Kai-shek monopolizes power and often gives orders directly to front-line troops and even divisions. Frontline generals often disobey Feng's orders. Feng is very angry. In February, Chiang Kai-shek was transferred to the commander-in-chief of the third theater, and Feng was changed to the commander-in-chief of the sixth theater. But at the same time, Jiang appointed Xiao Zhenying as the staff of the first group, and instigated Xiao to sow discord between generals such as Song Dynasty, Han Fuju and Feng, leaving Feng at a loss. In June 65438+10, Feng was transferred back to Nanjing, and the sixth war zone was also cancelled. In this case, Feng Yuxiang is still not passive. He once mobilized and introduced the generals of the old headquarters to return to their hometowns to organize local anti-Japanese armed forces. Feng himself also used the opportunity of inspecting national defense fortifications to personally publicize the war of resistance in various parts of Henan, calling on young people to join the army and support the front.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the rule of the Kuomintang became more reactionary, and Chiang Kai-shek was ready to launch a full-scale civil war with the support of the United States. Feng Yuxiang was excluded by Chiang Kai-shek's politics and went to the United States in September 1946. Before he left, he wrote a letter to President Jiang, hoping that Jiang would not fight civil war, talk about peace and engage in democracy. After he arrived in America, he settled in Berkeley near San Francisco.

1948 the domestic war situation has changed dramatically, and the final victory of the people's liberation war is a foregone conclusion. Feng Yuxiang decided to return to the motherland to attend the new political consultative conference and left the United States by the Soviet ship Victory at the end of July. /kloc-in September, 2000, the ship suddenly caught fire in the Black Sea near Odessa, and Feng Yuxiang was killed. 19531June15th, Feng Yuxiang's ashes were buried at the foot of Mount Tai.