Chinese culture

In the long river of human history, the ancestors of the Chinese nation created splendid culture with labor and wisdom. China culture has a long and continuous history, which has been affecting today's life. Inheriting and carrying forward China's traditional culture is an objective requirement to unite the strength of the Chinese nation and a realistic need to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics's material and spiritual civilization. It is an unshirkable and glorious task for China scholars to comprehensively and systematically excavate, sort out and introduce China children's communication culture. In view of this, dozens of scholars who study traditional culture have compiled this "Grand View of China Traditional Culture" and dedicated it to readers.

Culture is the way of human spiritual activities and practical activities and the sum of their material and spiritual achievements. Because of the complexity and diversity of people's life practice, culture has different contents, forms and levels accordingly. As one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, China was famous for its unique Yellow River culture as early as thousands of years ago. Since then, through the long-term creation and accumulation of Chinese people, Chinese culture has become richer and more profound, and its achievements and influence are rare in the world.

China's traditional culture has a distinct integrity, and various cultural forms are interrelated and influenced each other. Only on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of various forms of China culture can we have a deeper understanding of its overall characteristics and essence. In fact, grasping culture as a whole is one of the basic spirits of China traditional culture. Many outstanding figures in the history of China are generalists and have made important achievements in many fields. The "adult" admired and pursued by Confucius, a world-class cultural master, not only has noble moral sentiments, extensive knowledge and profound wisdom, but also has excellent written expression ability, political management experience and artistic, sports and military skills. Confucius himself is such a great man with all-round development and versatility. Confucius, as an outstanding educator, thinker, politician, historian and writer, put forward very subtle opinions on the artistic fields such as music, archery and other skills, as well as the principles of cooking and clothing. China's outstanding figures' all-round pursuit of culture inspired the author of this book to integrate different kinds of knowledge into one book.

The time range involved in this book is slightly different due to different categories, from primitive society to modern times in general. Faced with a sea of historical figures, a sea of ancient books and scattered cultural relics, this book does not adopt the writing method of Chronological Memorabilia of China Culture and the compiling form of cultural dictionaries classified by items. The simple piling up of a large number of characters, works, terms and events cannot reveal the essence of China traditional culture. In limited space, this book is dedicated to readers with systematic rather than fragmented knowledge. This book attempts to put the development clues of various categories of China traditional culture in the first place, and strive to achieve the unity of history and logic. At the same time, this book also tries to analyze the basic characteristics of each cultural category and explain their position in the whole traditional culture of China. What is finally presented to readers is not only a colorful historical picture scroll, but also the fusion and taste of all aspects of knowledge, including the overall summary and reflection of China traditional culture. I believe this way of writing can help readers acquire clear, definite and systematic knowledge.

Strong times is another major feature of China's traditional culture. The essence of culture is not an established thing, but a process of change. This book reveals the fact that traditional culture has been developing in the unity of opposites of "endless" inheritance and variation described in Zhouyi. The old form is constantly being replaced by the new form, but the new form contains the enduring national spirit. For example, Beijing Opera, regarded as a national quintessence, is actually a very "young" art, which really matured only a hundred years ago. Since the Song Dynasty, the art forms that dominated the stage of China's traditional operas have experienced great prosperity for many times. However, this change is not an independent creation divorced from history, but on the basis of absorbing the legacy of the past, carrying forward the past and making innovations. This is also of great significance to study the traditional culture of China. Although many old forms have lost their vitality with the changes of history, they can continue to develop through transformation to meet the requirements of the new era. Therefore, while studying the historical development of various categories of traditional culture in China, this book also predicts the future development of this field as much as possible.

Another major feature of China's traditional culture is its outstanding regionality. China has a vast territory and abundant resources. Since the Zhou and Qin dynasties, except for a few separatist periods, a unified multi-ethnic country has been maintained as a political institution for most of the time. Therefore, in the system of China's traditional culture, Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River valley is the main body, and various minority cultures are the supplements, which bring out the best in each other. China's traditional market began to communicate with foreign cultures thousands of years ago. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, China culture was quite open. In many ways, the ancestors of the Chinese nation bravely and without hesitation absorbed foreign cultural factors and reformed them, constantly enriching the connotation of China culture. Ideologically, China accepted Buddhism from India, which is one of the biggest exchanges among the major civilization systems in the world. From an artistic point of view, China absorbed a lot of exotic music and dances along the Silk Road and made them China-like. "Huqin" is an important representative of China national musical instruments, but as the name implies, it was originally imported. From the aspects of diet, costumes and folk customs, the content of foreign culture absorbed by China is also amazing. At the same time, China also exported its own culture, such as papermaking, silk and porcelain handicrafts, which had a positive impact on world culture and made great contributions to human civilization. Many essences of China's traditional culture, such as Chinese medicine, Qigong and Wushu, are still valued by countries all over the world. The exchange and comparison between Chinese and foreign cultures is one of the basic topics of cultural research, which needs special research. Due to the limitation of content and space, this book only reveals that some cultural exchanges in China's traditional culture will be further expanded, and China culture with a long tradition will surely enter the future world cultural system with a brand-new attitude.

Text catalog

Confucian theory

Classical Confucianism

Confucian classics in Han dynasty

The intersection and integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism

The study of justice and reason.

do textual research

Taoism Taoism

Laozi's philosophy

Zhuangzi's philosophy

Early Taoism

Taoism in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

The heyday of Taoism

Neo-Taoism in Jin and Yuan Dynasties

The decline of Taoism

Buddhism in China

Doctrine and canon

Historical origin

Teach all sects

Biography outside teaching

Etiquette system

Lamaism

Poetry, lyrics and songs

Pre-Qin poetry

Han Wei Jin

Poetry in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

Tang poetry

Song poetry

Poetry in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

word

bend

Prose parallel prose

essay

parallel prose (prose written in the parallel style)

Literary forms like Fu.

Zhang Hui's novels

Formation and evolution

Genre and masterpiece

national style

Calligraphy seal cutting

Pre-Qin calligraphy

Qin and Han calligraphy

Calligraphy in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

Sui and Tang calligraphy

Calligraphy in the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty

Yuanming calligraphy

Calligraphy in Qing dynasty

Book theory and appreciation

seal cutting

Chinese painting

Education interpersonal relationship-figure painting

Mountain scenery-landscape painting

Flower and Bird Elf-Flower and Bird Painting

The mysterious door-painting theory

carve

Qi Ming sculpture

Decorative sculpture on the surface of mausoleum

Citang statue

Grottoes statue

Temple statue

Sculpture used in buildings

Craft sculpture

Traditional music

folk song

Music and instrumental music

dance music

Quyi music

Local opera music

Music Theory, Music Ideal and Music Law

Ancient dance

The original dance

Music and Dance in Zhou Dynasty

Qinqiang opera

Music and Dance in Sui and Tang Dynasties

Team dance in song dynasty

Yuan Ming Qing dance

Classical opera

The Origin and Formation of China Traditional Opera

Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties

Yuan zaju

Legend of Ming and Qing dynasties

Local operas in Qing dynasty

Beijing opera

Traditional opera theory

Historian historiography

Historians and historians

Historical schools

Historical thought

Historical theory

The form and nature of Chinese characters

Basic types of Chinese characters

The Origin and Development of Chinese Characters

chinese dialects

Chinese pronunciation

Chinese vocabulary

Chinese grammar

Books, Bamboo Slips and Classics

Ancient book form

Collation of ancient books

Classic bibliography

Educational imperial examination

educational system

Educational thought

imperial examination system

Chinese Martial Arts

Chinese boxing

Martial arts weapon

Pair practice

Collective project

Offensive and defensive techniques

China qigong

Trace the origin

Ethnicity

classify

research method

theoretical basis

Brief introduction of main points

Application value

External gas research

Chess and opera

weiqi

chinese chess

The strategy of a military strategist

The Formation and Development of Military Strategy

Theoretical principles of military strategy

National defense strategy

Military strategy

Use military tactics

Political strategy

Historical conditions and functions of the emergence and development of political strategy

Types of political strategies

Criminal name law

source and course

theoretical basis

Formal characteristics

Major crimes and punishments

Punishment system

Main applicable principles

traditional Chinese medicine

basic theory

Basic clinical principles

acupuncturology

A cursive script

regimen

Famous doctor case

Architectural gardens

Structure and materials

Color and layout

Traditional residential buildings

Cities and urban public buildings

Palace architecture

Ritual system and shrine architecture

tomb construction

Buddhist architecture traditional garden architecture

Antique utensils

pottery

jadeware

bronze ware

Porcelain; (China) China

paint

Gold and silver

Four Treasures of the Study

Guan Yi clothing

Origin and preliminary development

Zhou Li gentry and the dignity of Han Guan

From the change of Wei, Jin, Sun and Moon to eclecticism in Tang Dynasty

The Simplicity and Conservatism in Song Dynasty and the Restoration of Han Customs in Ming Dynasty

The coexistence of Manchu and Han in the service of Qing Dynasty

Gourmet Yin Ming

Dou cha pin Ming

Qiongjiang wine

Biography of Pan Yu

Chinese folk

ghosts and gods

funeral

marry

patriarchal clan system

well-behaved

festival

taboo

physiognomy

feng shui

Tell sb's fortune