Korean fortune teller _ Korean fortune teller

Min Yonghuan was born in Li Xing, an aristocratic family of the Korean Dynasty, and was the seventh grandson of Min Weizhong, an important official of the Soviet Dynasty. Min Yonghuan is Min's eldest son, Min's younger brother, Xing Xuanda's wife and cousin of Min Fei, who was later in power in the ruling and opposition parties. Therefore, Min Yonghuan has these profound backgrounds, and his later career can be described as smooth sailing and extremely rich. Min Yonghuan's mother was born in Xujia, a big city, and is also a noble family. When Xu was pregnant, he dreamed that he had three pearls and that his elders were wearing public clothes and worshiping pickaxes in the purlin. In the 11th year of Xianfeng, Xinyou (186 1, in the 12th year of Korean Zhezong) was born in Seoul, the capital of North Korea (now Seoul, South Korea) on July 25th. Because Xu dreamed of pearls, he was named "Huan". Later, he was adopted as an adopted son by his uncle Min Taihao.

In the fourth year of Guangxu (1878, the fifteenth year of Emperor Gaozong of Korea), Min Yonghuan took part in the imperial examination, got a C in liberal arts, and began to enter politics. At this time, he was only eighteen years old. At the beginning of his teaching career, he was promoted to be the same assistant ambassador in the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1 in the eighteenth year of Emperor Gaozong), and later served as a scholar in Sungkyunkwan with Cheng Si and Du Cheng. In June of the eighth year of Guangxu (1882, 19th year), Renwu mutiny broke out, and Min Yonghuan's biological father became the target of public criticism and was killed by the uprising soldiers and civilians. Therefore, Min Yonghuan resigned and took care of the funeral for Min. After the 27-month detention period, Min Yonghuan resumed Cao Can's official position. After the coup in Shen Jia, it became the hub, and successively served as the general manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the general manager of the Canon Bureau, the left-behind government, the coastal garrison ambassador, the Seoul government's right Yin, the front and back camp ambassador, the criminal Cao, the ritual Cao and the soldier Cao. In the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), her adoptive mother died in August, and in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), she was reinstated as a punishment for Cao Cao. 1894 Before the Sino-Japanese War broke out, he served as Judge Yin of Seoul, left counsellor of the government, overseer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, official to Cao, and criminal department Cao.

At that time, Min Yonghuan, Min Yongjun, Min and Min Yongda were called "the four families of Min". He was favored by Emperor Gaozong and Princess Min and was "very useful". He also has a big garden in Seoul. "This shows that he was once extremely rich." Yuan Shikai, the minister of the Qing court in the DPRK, once described Min Yonghuan as "arrogant and extravagant". Later, the leader of the Sino-Japanese War also listed Min Yonghuan as a person who sold officials and titles. It can be seen that Min Yonghuan is no different from other consorts in politics, so his evaluation at that time was not high. On the other hand, Yuan Shikai regarded Min Yonghuan as a pro-Russian figure, saying that he colluded with Mulinder to carry out pro-Russian and anti-China activities. But a closer look at Min Yonghuan's words and deeds is actually pro-China and anti-Russia. He is worried about the situation that "there is movement in the palace, and Mulinder seeks China with Russia as aid". Yuan Shikai also admitted that Min Yonghuan was "slightly afraid of disasters" to take care of his own affairs. Especially on the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Min Yonghuan's personal strategy of the times, Qiance, showed obvious pro-China color. He believes that China is the only country that North Korea can trust and rely on. Although this is the consensus of "people in our country (North Korea) who have a little knowledge", he also said that North Korea must strive for self-improvement, otherwise "the father will not share the wealth with the prodigal son" and China will not help North Korea that cannot strive for self-improvement. He also explicitly opposed pro-Russian remarks, emphasizing: "China and the East have been rich since ancient times, but separated by a river, with similar personalities, friendship like brothers and attachment." Russia, on the other hand, is far apart, with different personalities and no friendship. Do you rely on stones? However, it is not righteous to give up the friendship that has blessed each other for thousands of years and make a new friend every day; Back to brotherhood, and the group of intimate wolves, but suffer from this. While Russia has the ambition to annex the world, China is in danger of repairing the eastern vassal. If we annex the world, our country will be annexed; If it is planted in Dong Fan, China will be ahead of it. If so, what is good and what is bad? "So Min Yonghuan before the Sino-Japanese War should belong to the pro-China faction rather than the pro-Russian faction. Six months after the 20th year of Guangxu (1894, the 31st year of Emperor Gaozong), Japan took control of the North Korean government, drove out the Minfei Group, established a pro-Japanese regime headed by Jin Hongji, and provoked the Sino-Japanese War. Although Min Yonghuan lost power and influence, he still often entered the palace to contact Min Fei as an "unorthodox person". On August 10, the 504th year of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) (1895, the thirty-second year of Emperor Gaozong), Min Yonghuan was appointed as the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the United States. However, before he could go to his post, the "B-No Incident" happened, and Min Fei was assassinated by the Japanese in Gyeongbokgung Palace. When Min Yonghuan learned the bad news, he "felt wronged and was forced to collapse. If he doesn't want to live, he will keep a low profile and don't want to listen to state affairs. "He retired to Jiaping Township, Gyeonggi Province. It was not until March of the first year of Jianyang (1 1) that Min Yonghuan was appointed as a special envoy to congratulate the coronation ceremony of the new Russian czar Nicholas II, and he resumed his official career. This time, he has an important mission, that is, to seek Russian protection to further contain Japanese forces. Before Min Yonghuan's mission, Veber, the Russian ambassador to North Korea, and Lee Ho, the leader of the pro-Russian faction in North Korea, jointly agreed on an aid plan at the Russian Embassy, which mainly included five contents, namely, Russian troops would guard the king's safety. Russia sent military instructors to North Korea to help it train its troops. Russia sent consultants, including the imperial palace, financial consultants and technicians such as minerals and railways. Russia helped establish the land power line between North Korea and Russia, and sent telecom technicians. Russia provided a loan of 3 million yuan to help North Korea repay its Japanese debt. Therefore, Min Yonghuan left North Korea on April/day of the first year of Jianyang (1 896), arrived in Moscow on May 20th, and stayed here. Two days later, Min Yonghuan handed over five requests for assistance translated into Russian to Kapnist, Director of the Asian Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, and personally visited Russian Foreign Minister Luo Banov on June 5 after the coronation ceremony, pleading with the Russian government to approve the five requests of North Korea as soon as possible. On June 6th, Min Yonghuan met with Nicholas II in Moscow Kremlin. In addition to presenting credentials and other routine diplomatic etiquette, Min Yonghuan threw his chest in front of the czar and put forward five requirements, hoping that Russia would "help North Korea maintain government stability" and "request your Majesty never to reach any agreement with Japan on the North Korean issue". The tsar listened to Min Yonghuan's appeal very carefully and finally said, "Don't worry! We will help you. " On June 7, Min Yonghuan met with Viktor, a powerful Russian figure and finance minister, and reiterated North Korea's demands. Victor said: "Russia is determined to maintain order and peace in North Korea, and will not allow Japan or other countries to occupy or harass North Korea, but it can only be done slowly before the completion of trans-siberian railway. Therefore, any measures taken by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to deal with the Far East issue are temporary. Although Japan's national strength is far weaker than that of Russia, it is in a favorable position to exert influence at any time because of its proximity to North Korea. However, there is no doubt that Russia will eventually prevail. "June 1896, 12, Min Yonghuan and his party followed him to St. Petersburg, anxiously waiting for news from Russia. From June 1896 to June 13, Min Yonghuan began to negotiate with Luo Banov on five specific requirements, focusing on the issue of protecting the king and sending instructors. The Russian side showed a cautious and ambiguous attitude, while Min Yonghuan fought hard and even threatened to hire instructors from other countries. Finally, on June 30, the DPRK and Russia reached a preliminary agreement. However, this agreement was not realized in the form of a treaty or protocol, but was listed in the form of a written reply from Russia to North Korea. The document entitled "Some Answers to the Ambassador of the DPRK" has the following contents: The king was protected by Russian guards during his stay in the Russian Embassy. As long as the king thinks it necessary and convenient, he can stay in the embassy. If the king then returns to the palace, the Russian government can also provide moral guarantee for his personal safety. Russian troops currently stationed in the embassy will remain in the embassy and be dispatched by the Russian minister. If necessary, the troops can even be increased. In order to solve the problem of instructors, an experienced senior Russian officer will be sent to Seoul in the near future, and the Russian government will entrust him to negotiate with the North Korean government on this issue. The officer will first be ordered to form the king's guard. Russia will also send people with the same experience to study the economic situation of North Korea and find out the financial measures that must be taken. The issue of sending Russian consultants to assist the DPRK government should be resolved in accordance with the above provisions. Obviously, these advisers will be filled by the above-mentioned military and financial trustees under the leadership of the Russian Minister. Once the national economic situation and government needs are clear, we can consider negotiating loans with the North Korean government. The Russian government agreed to connect its land telegraph line with the North Korean telegraph line and will give decisive help to this matter. Judging from this "reply", Russia is still quite restrained. In particular, North Korea's request to protect the king was not granted, which only shows that Emperor Gaozong had a "moral guarantee" after returning to the palace. This is because Russia does not want Emperor Gaozong to return to the palace, so it only promises to provide escort when Emperor Gaozong lives in the Russian Pavilion, but not after returning to the palace. Second, Russia doesn't want to stimulate Japan too much, because on June 9th, the first year of Jianyang (1896) in the process of Min Yonghuan's negotiation, Russia and Japanese ambassador Yamagata Aritomo secretly signed the Yamagata-Banov Agreement, which established the principle of Japan-Russia co-management of Korea. On the other hand, it is also true that Russia tried its best to accept North Korea's request, especially in the second and third items of the "reply". It can be said that it agreed to send financial advisers and military instructors to North Korea, which reflected Russia's ambition and laid the groundwork for Russia's subsequent intervention in North Korea.

After the Russian side gave a written reply, Min Yonghuan conducted more secret negotiations, which seemed to be about the offensive and defensive alliance. This can be learned from a secret letter written by Luo Banov to Min Yonghuan that was later intercepted by the Japanese. During this period, Japan has been trying to understand Min Yonghuan's movements, but it has been unable to decipher the code of the North Korean telegraph, with little success. Min Yonghuan's negotiations with Russia did not end until August of the same year. After completing the task, Min Yonghuan returned to China by land and visited various modern facilities in Russia along the way. In the first year of Jianyang (1896), he arrived in Incheon by boat from Vladivostok and left for Gaozong on June 2 1 day. Min Yonghuan made Russia highly respected in North Korea. An article published in Independent News pointed out that Min Yonghuan's trip to Russia "really made Europeans and Americans feel that North Korea has undoubtedly become an independent kingdom in the Far East" and said that "Min Jun personally attended the grand military parade and other grand ceremonies held in the capital of the Russian empire, won the medal awarded by the Russian emperor, and went to a feast with the nobles with real power in the northern powers, crossing the two oceans of Taiping and India. This experience not only opened Min Jun's eyes and benefited a lot, but also undoubtedly strengthened Min Jun's enterprising spirit of the motherland, which can promote the country's progress. However, it should be noted that Min Yonghuan's fight for Russian aid is entirely for the purpose of fulfilling the mission entrusted by the Korean emperor Gaozong and the pro-Russian regime, not his original intention. As mentioned earlier, Min Yonghuan was wary of Russia before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and this vigilance was strengthened after Russia returned to China. According to An Zushou, "After Min Yonghuan returned to China, the Russian fever rose further, which is the tendency of the general public. Unexpectedly, after returning to China, Min Yonghuan took the lead in advocating the theory of withdrawing from the DPRK, and even took the initiative to take the February Incident (the relocation of the Russian Pavilion) as an anti-thief. He also said: "Some people once doubted that Russia was unreliable, and now I gradually believe this", and even advocated supporting Japan and the DPRK. Min Yonghuan himself wrote: "Russia is powerful and invincible in the world. It covers 30 Yu Wanli and has more than 660,000 troops and 368 warships. But it can be said that it is dangerous to take advantage of the northeast and northwest of the world, and it is a pity that all countries are annexed ... But I, Dong Bang, suitable for taking the road of conflict, must be poisoned first, but I am not comparable to other countries. However, the strategy of internal repair can not be ignored. "That is, from a high degree of vigilance against Russia, we emphasize the improvement of internal affairs. However, Min Yonghuan did not fall to Japan because of anti-Russia, but advocated pro-America.

Min Yonghuan later served as a lieutenant in the army and sought the position of military minister. In the second year of Jianyang (1897) 65438+1October 1 1, he served as the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Britain, Germany, Russia, Italy, France and Austria. /kloc-in March, 2000, he was appointed as the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary, and went to Britain to congratulate Queen Victoria on her 60th anniversary. On March 23rd, Min Yonghuan led a delegation to leave North Korea, first to Shanghai, China, and then to London, England by boat from Shanghai. In order to keep up with the international standards, Min Yonghuan broke his hair and changed his clothes on March 25th of the same year. The Queen of England had long heard that North Korean men wore locks and strange clothes, so she was curious and introduced Min Yonghuan. Who knows that Min Yonghuan has been shaved into a flat head, and he is wearing a suit like other messengers. He is very upset and waved his hand to ask Min Yonghuan to step down. Min Yonghuan thinks it is beneath his dignity. Just after attending the Queen's celebration, he left for home in a hurry, but he never had long hair again. Min Yonghuan was also dismissed by Emperor Gaozong for this matter. On May 22nd, the second year of Guangwu of the Korean Empire (1898), Min Yonghuan was reinstated to his official position and was appointed as a lieutenant in the army. June 65438+10/October 12 years as Minister of War, and later as Minister of the Interior. After visiting European countries, Min Yonghuan personally experienced the fruits of the rapid development of western capitalism, so he was deeply shocked and saddened by the backwardness of North Korea. After returning from Russia, he advised Gao Zong: "As for the military, schools and political models, we should do them all." After Min Yonghuan returned to China, on the one hand, he completely refused to accept all bribes; On the other hand, he often seriously neglects his duties and complains about his shortcomings. "If the court is short of people, you should do your best, or refuse politely, or talk loudly, or cry bitterly." . Although Emperor Gaozong listened to opinions with an open mind every time, he seldom adopted his suggestions. Min Yonghuan is therefore deeply looking forward to it. Externally, Min Yonghuan advocated using European and American countries to stop Japanese aggression.

At that time, the bourgeois intellectuals in North Korea set up independent societies, set off patriotic movements, widely publicized the western enlightenment ideas to the people, and strongly called for getting rid of the control of foreign powers and realizing national independence. Independent associations often hold large-scale mass gatherings in the center of hancheng city, which is called "Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood". They made impassioned speeches at the rally, advocating civil rights, which aroused the high fear of the Korean government. Conservative ministers and Confucian scholars have criticized the independence association as "rebellion". Treacherous court official Zhao and others even hired passive businessmen to form an "imperial association" to act as thugs of the government, often undermining the activities of the independence association. Min Yonghuan was one of the most enlightened senior government officials at that time and one of the few court ministers who supported the independence association at that time. In the face of Emperor Gaozong's rescript to dissolve the independence association, Min Yonghuan refused to go because of illness. Therefore, he was impeached by Jin Minggui, dismissed from office and quickly reinstated. Min Yonghuan repeatedly used his power to secretly protect independent associations and even resigned in protest. So, he received an anonymous letter from the imperial organization "Royal Association", threatening him, claiming that "the monarch used the world to serve his ministers, served the People's Association (referring to the independent association), refused to obey the imperial orders and expelled the government. Isn't it better than the Sino-Japanese War? " I'll kill it! "After the independence association was banned, Min Yonghuan was also demoted. After the turmoil of independence association, Min Yonghuan was appointed as a member of parliament government. Since then, he has served as branch minister, accounting director of Marshal's Office, curator of ceremony hall, and president of table hall. He was awarded the First Class Taiji Medal and the Grand Li Huazhang Medal. After the Russo-Japanese War, he successively served as Minister of Interior, President of Military Law Correction and Minister of Academic Department. Guangwu nine years (1905), served as minister of political participation. After the Russo-Japanese War broke out, Japan had taken control of South Korea. Min Yonghuan was transferred to the Attaché because of his strict rejection of Japan, and the Japanese did not agree with him as such an important position as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Min Yonghuan also introduced Li Chengwan, a former member of the Independent Association during the Russo-Japanese War, to Gaozong and asked him to go to the United States for help and inquire about the news of the Russo-Japanese peace talks. At the same time, when the daughter of US President theodore roosevelt visited Korea in September 1905, she tried to form an offensive and defensive alliance between South Korea and the United States, but the United States had reached the Yoshida-Taft Treaty with Japan, so Min Yonghuan's idea could not be realized.

The Russo-Japanese War ended in Japan's victory, and Japan monopolized the Korean Peninsula. On the 9th year of Guangwu (1905), 165438+ 10, the Japanese government sent Ito Bowen to Seoul in the name of mourning for the Emperor of Korea. In fact, it forced the South Korean government to sign a protection treaty concocted by the Japanese, thus turning South Korea into a protectorate of Japan. Min Yonghuan expressed his firm opposition to Japanese aggression, but Emperor Gaozong disagreed. However, Japan bribed pro-Japanese factions in North Korea, such as Minister of Education Li Wanyong and Park Ji-chun, to sign the treaty instead of Emperor Gaozong. A.D. 165438+ 10 On June 7th, 65438, Hirofumi Ito and Hasegawa Yoshimichi, commander of Japanese troops stationed in Korea, led a large number of Japanese soldiers to enter the palace-Qingyun Palace (now Deshou Palace), forcing South Korean ministers to sign the Protection Treaty, and Li Wanyong and other five people agreed to sign the Japan-South Korea Protection Agreement (also known as the Second Party Treaty). At this point, the Korean Empire has existed in name only and has become a de facto colony of Japan.

When the Second World War Treaty was signed, Min Yonghuan was moving the grave for his ex-wife Jin in Lizhou County. When he came back, the treaty had been concluded, and Min Yonghuan "cried and vomited blood, closed the door and refused to visit, and lay down for four or five days". As a result, he and Prime Minister Zhao led more than 100 officials to retreat into the palace, demanding that "thieves" be severely punished and the unequal treaties be abolished. Emperor Gaozong was taken hostage by the Japanese and was forced to answer "Please wait for him to forgive him" to prevaricate. In the ninth year of Guangwu (1905),165438+1October 27th, Zhao was detained by the Japanese military police, and Min Yonghuan took Zhao's place as the leader, killing him in the palace for several days. At the instigation of Japan, on the morning of the 29th, the South Korean government ordered all those who joined the petition to be arrested and transferred to the Ministry of Justice for punishment. That night, Min Yonghuan and others were discharged from Pingli Hospital (court). After their release, the citizens of Bailu Dujia in the center of Han Dynasty will set up a sparse hall to continue the above-mentioned sparse hall form, so as to make the emperor change his mind and strictly arrest the traitors. But Min Yonghuan realized that it was useless to go to Shanghai, and he was determined to wake up Korean nationals with death.

That night, Min Yonghuan returned home and spoiled in the arms of his mother Xu, "rubbing his cheeks like a baby", only to see his pregnant wife Park knitting clothes under the lamp and his three sons sleeping soundly. Min Yonghuan said with a smile, "The fortune teller said that I have five sons. You must be pregnant with twins now! " Park high don't know the meaning of his words, just smiled. Min Yonghuan left home and went to his servant Li's house, crying all the way. In the early morning of Guangwu 9th year (1905),165438+10.30 (November 4th of the second lunar year), Min Yonghuan ordered Li to fetch water and wash his hands for him. After Li left, Min Yonghuan pulled out his knife and stabbed himself in the abdomen, but it didn't work. He tore a big mouth in his stomach with a knife and shouted, "What's my big crime and I'm not dead?" ? ! (I, Hu Da, sin, immortality) ",and finally died. He was "furious with a knife in his hand" when he was martyred.

After Min Yonghuan's death, countless people cried when they heard the news and remembered the martyr. Even many Japanese people were infected and cried. At that time, Quanzhu Lin, the Japanese ambassador to South Korea, and Hasegawa Yoshimichi, the commander of the Japanese army in South Korea, both suggested that Min Yonghuan should be given a heavy burial and given preferential treatment. Later, Emperor Gaozong wrote posthumous title's "loyalty" in a letter as a posthumous gift to "the most respected minister of Dr. Lu in China". Quanzhu Lin also sent a eulogy, which was replied by Min Yonghuan's biological mother Xu Shi. 12 17. When Min Yonghuan's body was buried in Long Ren 'an, Gyeonggi Province, "Qing scholar-officials, diplomatic envoys and consuls cried in the coffin; Soldiers and brave fighters of all teams, businessmen, monks and nuns, women and children, etc. , all holding lanterns and candles, and tens of thousands of pioneers, taking the lead for the second time and fighting for the pioneers. " Embassies of various countries (including Japan) also flew flags at half mast. Min Yonghuan became the first patriot who committed suicide to protest against the Yasukuni Treaty, and he inspired many people. Then, Zhao committed suicide because of smoking too much opium, Hong, Song Bingzhuo, Sang cheol Lee, Jin Fengxue and others committed suicide, Yin Doubing and his suicide failed, and Pan, a student studying in Japan, passed by South Korea when he returned to China and saw it. In July of the following year, bamboo suddenly grew under the floor of Min Yonghuan's martyrdom room. Seoul citizens gathered around and thought it was Min Yonghuan's loyal soul and called it "blood bamboo". Many people even wrote poems to lament. However, Min Yonghuan's death did not delay the process of South Korea's annexation by Japan. By 19 10, with the conclusion of the Japan-Korea Merger Treaty, South Korea has completely become a Japanese colony.