Mr. Mozi's fortune telling

In the history of China, Mozi was too advanced and crossed, and indeed existed like a fairy, which made future generations admire him: a long time ago, there were such gods, such people and such idealists in China. In the pre-Qin period, a hundred famous thinkers contended that the world was "non-Confucian" and could even be compared with Confucius. He is Mozi, not only an excellent thinker, but also an excellent scientist. There are many expositions about physics, mathematics and mechanical manufacturing in Mozi's works, so some people think that Mozi is the originator of scientists in China and respect him as a "saint". 1. A small hole becomes a reflection. Around 400 BC, Mozi did optical experiments in an ordinary house in rural Shandong. The room was dark. There was a small hole in one wall. A young man was standing outside the room. His image passed through the small hole with the outdoor light and formed a reflection in the dark room. Mozi observed this pinhole imaging phenomenon indoors and recorded it in Mozi Xia Jing, which explained: "Jing. People with light, if they shine, the people below are also tall; The tallest person will also go down. The feet cover the lights, so the scenery is at the top; The first cover is glazed, so it becomes a scene. " There is an end in the distance, which is integrated with light, so it is also in the scenic spot library. "Here", to "ancient prose", "to fall" means to stand upside down. "Noon" means that two beams of light cross in the middle. "Duan" means "pole" and "micro point" in ancient Chinese. "Noon end" refers to the intersection of light, which is the pinhole. The reason why the projection of an object has an inverted image is that light travels in a straight line, and at the pinhole, beams from different directions cross each other to form reflections. And "Pointer hole position and projection size. "A bright man shines brightly" is a vivid metaphor. "Warm" is the light that shines on people, just like archery. "The next, high also; The tallest person goes down "means that the light shining on the upper part of the person is imaged on the lower part;" "The light that shines on the lower part of the person is imaged on the upper part of the person. Therefore, when an upright person images through a pinhole, the projection becomes inverted. " "Library" means that the internal distance of the cassette tape has an end, which is related to light, and points out the relationship between the light and shadow reflected by the object and the pinhole distance. The farther away the object is, the smaller the image is; The closer the object is, the bigger the image is. Almost at the same time, Aristotle, an ancient Greek scientist, was also observing pinhole imaging. When he saw the sunlight passing through holes with different shapes, he always formed a circular spot on the other side, but he didn't come to the conclusion that the holes were reflected. It was not until 1400 years later that Persian scientist Alhazen described the principle of pinhole imaging (Book of Optics, 102 1 AD). 1826, the Frenchman Joseph Niépce invented the first camera according to this principle. 2. Mozi broke the ladder. "Mozi is good at craftsmanship and can be compared with Lu Ban, a skilled craftsman at that time. He once made a wooden kite. It is said that he flew in the sky for three days and nights without falling. In 440 BC, the State of Chu sharpened its sword and prepared to attack the State of Song with ladder and other siege equipment made by Lu Ban. When Mozi heard the news, he sent more than 300 people, including his disciple Qin Yingli, to Song State with guarding city equipment to help Song State prepare for defense. At the same time, regardless of his life and death, he set out from Lu to Chu to persuade the king of Chu to stop the war of aggression. Mozi traveled day and night, staying in the wind at night. My feet were worn out, so I tore a dress and wrapped it before I left. I ran around for ten days and nights, and finally came to the capital of Chu. After he met the king of Chu, he first used metaphors to illustrate the great difference between the rich and the poor in Chu and Song Dynasties, and he could not bully the weak with the rich and the poor with the rich. Mozi said that there was a man who owned a beautifully decorated car but stole his neighbor's tattered car. He has his own splendid clothes and steals his neighbors' rags. He has his own exquisite meat and steals the poor chaff vegetables from his neighbors. Who is this? The king of Chu said, "This man must have committed the crime of stealing." Mozi went on to say, I heard that you are going to attack the state of Song. What's the difference between you and this thief? If you attack the state of Song, you will lose your righteousness and get no Song. These words made the king of Chu hesitate. After a while, the king of Chu said that Lu Ban had built siege equipment for me, and I still wanted to attack the State of Song. So Mozi took off his belt and used it as a city. He used some small boards as instruments for guarding the city and simulated an offensive and defensive duel with Lu Ban in front of the King of Chu. Lu Ban used ladders, crashes, flying stones, etc. to change the siege nine times, and Mozi successfully resisted nine times. Luban's equipment was exhausted and Mozi's defense was more than enough. Finally, Luban was defeated. Lu Ban said, "I know how to deal with you, but I won't say." Mozi said, "I know how you deal with me, so I won't talk about it." The king of Chu asked inexplicably, "What do you mean?" Mozi said: "Lu Ban just wanted the king to kill the minister, thinking that Song could not defend the city. In fact, more than 300 of my disciples have gone to Song State to prepare for guarding the city. Even if you kill me, Chu will not win the battle. " Hearing this, the king of Chu finally gave up the war against Song. Mozi's rescue of the Song Dynasty was the most famous accident in which Mozi and his disciples successfully prevented a big country from invading a small country with courage and wisdom. It is the concrete practice of Mohism's thought of "loving without attacking" and loving peace, which fully embodies Mohism's brilliant military thought of "conquering the enemy without fighting". The last paragraph of Mo Zi Gong Decline is quite interesting. The successful Mozi returned to Lu. After the Song Dynasty, it rained heavily. He wanted to go to the city gate to hide from the rain, but the soldiers guarding the city in Song did not know the man who owed Song a debt and would not let him in. Lu Xun wrote at the end of the novel "A New Story, No Attack": "(Mozi) had a heavy rain and went to the gate to take shelter from the rain. He was driven away by two patrols in charge of Ge, and he was soaked to the skin. Since then, his nose has been stuffed for more than ten days. " Mozi died silently in the rain, hiding his merits and reputation. He is a great manufacturing expert and invented the kite. His carpentry skills were not inferior to those of Lu Ban, and he was familiar with the manufacture of various weapons, machinery and engineering buildings, which greatly promoted the mechanical manufacturing and manual manufacturing technology of human beings at that time. It can be said that Mozi left us an important cultural heritage, vocational education thought and craftsman thought. He is a great strategist. Some Mozi in the book expounded the art of war and personally directed many military struggles. Mozi's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War are both called the "two peaks" of ancient world military command art in the era of axis civilization. 3. Mozi's disciple Mozi was a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He accepted a disciple named Geng Xu, who was regarded by many as the best disciple of Mozi. Of course, Geng Xu himself is indeed superior to others in all aspects, which also makes Geng Xu particularly confident. But Mozi doesn't seem to think so. He often criticized Geng Zhu, and gradually he felt very sad. One day, he finally couldn't hold back and went to Mozi and asked,' Teacher, among all the disciples, although I am not necessarily the best and should not be the worst, why does the teacher always criticize me?' Mozi didn't answer his question directly, but threw him a new question: "If I go to war on the battlefield, will I use a sharp blade or a wooden stick?" Geng Zhu easily replied: "Of course it is the frontier." Mozi then asked, "Why?" Master Geng replied: "Killing the enemy on the battlefield is common sense, and the purpose is to use the right weapons in the right place." Mozi replied with a smile: "For me, it's like a blade on the battlefield. You can take responsibility and it's worth using, so I will continue to be strict with your behavior." After listening to this, Geng Zhu finally understood the teacher's good intentions and finally became a person with excellent moral character. 4. Mozi Wu Mazi Mozi and Confucian disciple Wu Mazi had many disputes. Pockmarked Wu said to Mozi, "It is useless to love the whole world; I don't love everyone, and I'm not hurt. Since nothing has worked, why do you think I am wrong? Mozi said, "Now a place is on fire, and one of them wants to put it out with water. The other man held a torch and tried to make the fire more vigorous. None of them had any effect. Which one do you like? Pockmarked Wu said, "I agree with the idea of raising water, but I don't agree with the idea of raising fire." "Mr. Mozi said," I also think I'm right, but I don't think you're right. "Although it is a simple dialogue, Mozi achieved the expected effect with very simple truth. He didn't argue with others casually, just used a simple metaphor to let the other party know his thoughts and agree with them. The above argument reflects Mozi's "universal love" thought. Mozi thinks that pockmarked Wu is wrong because his thought is egoism, not essential error. Mozi thought that egoism should not be advocated. This is the most commonly used example of Mozi's argument. In the present concept, five pockmarked seeds are logically contradictory. This question-and-answer method is also Mozi's unique logical way, which allows the other party to follow his own meaning unconsciously, thus achieving his own purpose. He is a great logician, who first put forward logical concepts such as debate, category and rationality in the history of China's logic. Mohist debate, Ming theory and ancient Greek logic are called the three major logics in the world. 5. Gather disciples to give lectures. Mozi takes "promoting the benefits of the world and eliminating the harm of all the people" as his own responsibility, running around and propagating benevolence and righteousness. After several years of practice, he deeply felt that it was not enough to rely on one person's strength, and more people must be organized to die for righteousness. Before the age of 30, he founded the first comprehensive civilian school of arts, sciences, military engineering in human history and trained a large number of talents. History says that "disciples are rich and cover the whole world", and his theory has become an outstanding study of "speaking all over the world". During the Warring States period, disputes were chaotic. If Mozi's wisdom helped the king, there would be endless splendor, but he was not attached to it. With his perseverance, he finally became an immortal. Mohism has a strict organization, similar to the modern underworld. But Mohism is by no means a triad society, but a Jianghu group that takes the world as its own responsibility and acts heroically. In China society, most of the chivalrous people who walk in rivers and lakes are influenced by Mohism. Mohism is too harsh on itself, too strict with its own people and too idealistic in values, which leads to the rapid decline of Mohism. However, among the people of China, Mohism's spirit of dedication to the world and his heroic deeds have never disappeared, and have been deposited in the collective consciousness of the people of China! Aristotle's greatness lies in his achievements, and also in the fact that the modern west dominates the right to speak in the world. From the standpoint of the East, Mozi is not inferior to Aristotle. Mozi's research involves cosmology, mathematical exposition, mechanics, optics, acoustics and other branches, as well as mechanical manufacturing. He is the greatest generalist in human history! Needham is talking about Mozi in the history of China's scientific civilization. " Mohist school got its own deduction and induction through its conceptual model, and at the same time reached a very high level of scientific theory like ancient Greece. People can't help thinking that if Mohist logic and Taoist naturalism are integrated, China may have crossed the threshold of science. The tragedy of China's science is that it didn't happen. Mr. Yang Xiangkui spoke highly of Mohist's scientific and technological achievements: "A Mohist book has surpassed the whole of Greece in any aspect of natural science, at least it should be equal to the whole of Greece. Regrettably, in the Han Dynasty, Mozi's thought was influenced by "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone", and suddenly he was lost in obscurity and almost became a "juexue".