Ask the name (scientific name) of this wild flower again.

Bellflower, also known as bell flower, is native to the northern part of Eurasia, with stout plant shape, bell-shaped flowers and bright and elegant colors. Very popular in Europe, it is a common herb flower in small gardens in late spring and early summer, which is often used to express health, gentleness and loveliness.

The genus Campanula (Campanulaceae) belongs to more than 200 species and is an annual, biennial or perennial herb. Flowers are bell-shaped, usually blue, mainly native to north temperate zone, Mediterranean region and tropical mountainous areas. There are many cultivated ornamental species. [ 1]

catalogue

Morphological characteristics of 1

2 growth environment

3 distribution range

4 species reproduction

Main ways

Reproductive model

5 pest control

6 species classification

purple plague

chrysanthemum

American bellflower

Other species

7 main value

8 plant culture

Wenxin Huayu

Romantic poetry

Related legends

Morphological characteristics of 1

Most of them are perennial herbs, some have long and thin rhizomes and some have short stems and thick roots. How many are there?

Canterburybells

Fleshy, less annual herbs. Leaf springs alternate, and some basal leaves are rosette-shaped. A single flower is terminal, or multiple flowers form a cyme. Sometimes a cyme integrates a panicle, and sometimes it degenerates. There is neither a total peduncle nor a peduncle, and it becomes a head composed of several flowers. Calyx adnate to ovary, with 5 lobes, sometimes with appendages between lobes. Corolla campanulate, funnelform or tubular campanulate, sometimes almost radial, 5-lobed. Stamens are free, a few anthers adhere to each other to varying degrees, the base of filaments expands into sheets, and the anthers are long and rod-shaped. Stigma 3-5-lobed, lobes curved or spirally curled. There is no disk. Ovary inferior, 3-5-loculed. Capsule 3-5-loculed, with persistent calyx lobes, dehiscent at lateral apex or base. Seeds numerous, elliptic, smooth. [ 1]

plant morphology

China Plant Image Library (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) provides and participates in editing.

Branches and leaves of Campanula (1)

Flowers and fruits of the genus Campanula (3 pieces)

2 growth environment

I like cool summer and mild winter. I like loose fertile loam with good drainage.

Pay attention to wintering and cold protection, and need a low-temperature greenhouse. The Yangtze River basin needs cold bed protection. When the seedlings pass the summer, they should be shaded to a certain extent to avoid strong sunlight.

3 distribution range

All of them belong to more than 200 species, almost all of which are in the north temperate zone, most of which are produced in northern Eurasia and a few in North America. There are nearly 20 species in China, mainly distributed in the southwest mountainous areas, with a small amount in the north and a small amount in Guangdong, Guangxi and western Hubei. [ 1]

4 species reproduction

Main ways

Seeding and propagation are the main methods, the seeds are small, and the covering soil should not be too thick. The optimum temperature for germination is 20-24℃, and the seedlings can also be divided into plants or cut. Capsule is formed after flowering, and the first fruit has many seeds. The seeds are so small that they can be dried and preserved. In spring or late winter or early spring, they are planted in an insulated plastic greenhouse.

Canterburybells

In order to facilitate the interleaving of high temperature and hot summer in flowering period. According to the requirements of small seeds, the soil preparation should be meticulous, subsoiling for more than 2 times, leveling the ground, pouring enough water, and then sowing seeds evenly. After sowing, do not cover the soil or screen the fine soil with a thin cover. Spraying water with a sprayer at seedling stage, and thinning and replenishing seedlings according to the growth of seedlings. You can also sow in a warm sand table and apply compound fertilizer immediately after emergence. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, it should be transplanted to the nursery or planted permanently in the upper pot. The suitable row spacing for nursery planting is 20cm× 40cm. After transplanting, the roots should be watered and managed as usual. You can also sow in autumn. Generally, the seedlings sown in the autumn of that year need to be cultivated until the spring and summer of the following year to bloom. Plants divide more than in autumn. After one winter's cultivation, they can blossom in the second year. Cutting is not only picking new buds sprouting at the base in spring, inserting them into wet sand beds, spraying water frequently, and transplanting after rooting. [2]

Reproductive model

The breeding mode of this genus is worth mentioning. Almost without exception, the stamens of this genus mature first, the flowers do not open, the pollen has spread out, the style has not fully expanded, and the stigma has not yet opened. At this time, the pollen has been covered. After the corolla is opened, the style is prolonged and the stigma is opened, exposing the surface of the stigma. Therefore, the stigma is not easy to accept the pollen of the same flower, thus ensuring cross-pollination well. But some species have asexual reproduction; Some species, such as Gentiana spinosa and Gentiana alberti, have long lateral rhizomes, which ensure vegetative propagation. Other species, such as golden dragon with five claws, golden dragon with five claws, golden dragon with four claws, etc. There is fusion and fruiting, anther degeneration, no pollen, flowers can not open, and seeds are produced faster than normal flowers. Interestingly, there are two ways of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction on the same plant, but the fruits of some plants are produced by apomixis, and this kind of fruit is very different from the fruits produced by bisexual reproduction in size, shape and persistent calyx lobes, and may even be mistaken for different plants. Ficus microcarpa C. Y. Wu is published according to this plant. [ 1]

Bellflower (Figure 7)

Reproduction: Reproduction by sowing. Sow the seeds as soon as they are ripe, and the plants can blossom in the next year. If you sow in autumn, most seedlings will not bloom until the end of the third spring.

Germination stage-preparation stage

Plug: It is recommended to use a large plug, such as No.200 plug. Using plug to cultivate Campanula can save seedbed space, because it takes a long time for Campanula to germinate and the young leaves grow slowly.

PH value of substrate: 5.5 ~ 6.0

Germination stage-stage 1

The radicle appeared in 10- 12 days.

Appearance characteristics: 1 Late stage, radicle has appeared.

Saturated moisture: Sow in the substrate. Water must be kept at the top of the substrate and seeds cannot be covered.

Humidity: Relatively high humidity should be maintained before radicle appears.

Photo Gallery of Bellflower (22 photos)

Substrate temperature: 60 ~ 65 degrees Fahrenheit (15 ~ 18 degrees Celsius)

Matrix EC:

Germination stage-second stage

Appearance characteristics: at the late stage of the second stage, the root length is 1.27-0.64 cm, and cotyledons have appeared.

Moisture: The substrate should be wet, but unsaturated to prevent wilting due to too little moisture. When necessary, new seedlings should be covered with a layer of coarse vermiculite to keep moisture.

Basement temperature: see stage 1.

Fertilization: Bellflower only needs a small amount of fertilization. If the seedlings want to grow rapidly, calcium fertilizer can be applied on the basis of applying 30-50PPM calcium nitrogen fertilizer.

Matrix Ec value: 0.5 ~ 0.75

Light: Short-term light can promote the growth of crops. Germination does not require light.

A species of the genus Campanula.

Germination stage-the third stage

Appearance characteristics: at the end of the third stage, the root system was deeply embolized and several true leaves appeared.

Moisture: The substrate should be slightly wet, but it should not be soaked to prevent the seedlings from wilting due to excessive drying.

Humidity of the substrate: see stage 1.

Fertilizer: See Phase 2.

Matrix Ec value: See Phase 2.

Lighting: See Phase 2.

Germination stage-stage 4

Appearance characteristics: at the end of the fourth stage, the root system fills the hole. Moisture: During two watering periods,

Bellflower (Figure 9)

Keep the substrate slightly dry, but don't let the plants wither due to lack of water.

Basement temperature: 58-60 degrees Fahrenheit at night (14-60 degrees Celsius) and 65-70 degrees Fahrenheit during the day (18-2 1 degrees Celsius).

Fertilization: See the second stage.

Matrix Ec value: See Phase 2.

Lighting: See Phase 2.

growing period

Similar to Begonia, Bellflower begins to grow slowly, but before the root system grows, the plant should be moved to the last growth pot.

Substrate: It is particularly important to choose a porous substrate with good drainage performance when the temperature and light are low in autumn and winter and the substrate dries slowly.

PH value of substrate: 5.5-6.0

Bellflower (Figure 8)

Moisture: between watering, the substrate can be slightly dry, but plants should not wither due to lack of water.

Temperature: 58-60 degrees Fahrenheit at night (14-60 degrees Celsius) and 65-70 degrees Fahrenheit during the day (18-2 1 degrees Celsius). When active roots grow, the temperature can be reduced to 50-55 F (10-6544) at night.

Fertilization: If the rapid growth of plants requires fertilization, apply 100-50PPM nitrogen fertilizer.

Matrix Ec value: 1.0. Stella series is sensitive to salt, and the Ec concentration can be reduced from time to time if necessary.

Illumination: Campanula likes long sunshine, and it can bloom naturally when it is illuminated 14 hours a day. If you want to blossom early, you need an intermittent night of 30 days and 4 hours. When 15 true leaves appear, carry out light treatment. If the plant is too small at the initial stage of light and only grows once, the secondary growth will be in a state of vigorous growth.

Growth regulation and enucleation: bluebells do not need growth regulation and enucleation. In the early stage of growth, the appearance of bluebells is chaotic, but in the later stage of growth, the plants will naturally be neat and compact.

Traditional pests: thrips and spiders.

Common diseases: tomato spot wilt virus, tomato spot wilt virus.

Planting arrangement: Campanula is a cool-loving plant, which should grow for several months in winter and complete its life cycle in the following spring. The illumination time is at least 14 hours per day, and the viewing period is long, which takes about 30 days from germination to flowering. If it is treated by long sunshine, it should be planted in 165438+ 10. Under natural conditions, it can grow in summer.

5 pest control

Campanula is prone to crown rot of Campanula, and the pathogen is Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which is the most susceptible to infection under wet and low temperature soil conditions. The stems of diseased plants are grayish white, rot and even die. Found that the diseased plants should be pulled out and burned in time, and the diseased spots should be watered with lime powder or 50% sterilized 1000 times solution. [3]

6 species classification

purple plague

Bellflower (Figure 4)

Scientific name: bellflower.

English name: Spotted Bellflower

Family name: Campanulaceae

Morphological characteristics: perennial herbs. Quilts are all short hair, and their height is 20cm~ 100cm. Basal leaves have long stems; Leaf blade is cordate-ovate, stem base is elongated, petiole has wings; The upper leaves of stem are sessile; Leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 cm long and wide.

Bellflower Photo Gallery (17 photos)

1.5-3cm, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, pointed or pointed at the top, with bristles on both sides, dense hairs on the back along the veins, irregular shallow serrations at the edge and blunt teeth. Flowers 1-5, sparsely distributed in the stem apex and upper leaf axils, with long pedicels, dense spiny bristles on the pedicels, and drooping flowers; The calyx is densely spiny, the calyx is about 4-5 mm long, the calyx lobes are erect, lanceolate, narrowly triangular, long 1.3 cm-1.8 cm, with tips and eyelash tips, and there are appendages protruding outward between the lobes; Corolla is white with purple spots, bell-shaped, 3-7 cm long, 2.5-4(4.5) cm in diameter, hairy inside, 5-lobed at the top, and broadly ovate triangular lobes; Stamens 5; Ovary and calyx tube connate, style about 2.5 cm long, glabrous, stigma 3-lobed, linear. Capsule oblate and obconical, 3-valved from lateral base at maturity. The seeds are gray-brown, oblate and about 65438 0 mm long. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September. Born on forest margins, bushes or grasslands. Basal leaves cordate, ovate, densely pilose. Leaves pilose on both surfaces, dense along the lower veins. The stem is long, and the cauline leaves are triangular-ovate to lanceolate. The flower is terminal, drooping, with a white corolla with purple spots, a rare wind zone with lavender, tubular bell-shaped, 3 cm -6.5 cm long. Flowering from June to September. Cold tolerance, avoid heat. It grows well on loam with good drainage and rich humus.

Bellflower (Figure 5)

Flowers: Flowers are solitary or axillary, drooping, with long pedicels. Corolla yellow and white, with many purple spots, bell-shaped, lobed. The flowering period is July-August.

Fruit: capsules. At maturity, the valve splits from the base. Fruit-bearing period: August ~ 65438+ 10.

Habitat: Born in Yinshan area or on slopes of thickets and forest margins.

Origin: distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces, and also distributed in North Korea, Japan and Russia (Far East). Miyun, Huairou, Yanqing and other counties in Beijing have it.

Uses: the whole herb is used as medicine, which has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials and relieving pain.

chrysanthemum

Alias: lantern flower

Campanula globosa L.

Family name: Campanula of Campanulaceae

Bellflower (Figure 6)

Morphology: perennial herb, 40 ~ 125 cm high. Stems erect, sometimes branched on the upper part. Cauline leaves are long-stalked, oblong to heart-shaped, sessile at the upper part, oval, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, with a leaf length of 7 ~ 15 cm and a width of 1.7 ~ 7 cm; All leaves have sharp serrations, and the stems and leaves are almost hairless or sparsely white bristles or densely covered with white fluff. There are several complete heads, usually many, and there are many solitary closed inflorescences besides the compound heads at the top of the stem. There are 1 bracts of different sizes under each flower, and the flower in the middle of the flower head blooms first, so the bracts are the smallest. Calyx lobes subulate; Corolla purple, blue purple or blue, tubular bell-shaped, long 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm, 5-lobed in the middle. Capsule obovate dimension. The seeds are oblong and flat, with a length of1~1.5mm, and the flowering period is from July to September.

Sexual taste: bitter in taste and cool in nature.

Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials and relieving pain. Used for pharyngolaryngitis and headache.

Administration and dosage: oral, decoction, 6- 10g. 2 ~ 3 yuan.

Medicinal material source: whole plant of Campanulaceae.

Medicinal identification: Bellflower, the same plant, is distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and other places, and its whole grass is also used as flowering bellflower in some areas.

American bellflower

American bellflower (C. americana) is native to humid woodlands in North America, with spikes as high as 2 meters (6 feet), receptacle-shaped, and long and curved styles. Xiangxuecao has a bell-shaped flower tube, which is deep and drooping, blue to white, swaying in the wind and clustered among rocks. Italian bellflower (C. heterophylla) is a creeping plant, usually potted, with star-shaped flowers and purple, blue or white colors. Bellflower (c

Bellflower (Figure 1)

(2) It is biennial in southern Europe, with cup-shaped flowers, pink, blue or white, and big spikes. Peach blossom is produced in Eurasia, found in woodland and pasture, with slender stems, 30-90 cm high, bell-shaped flowers, long stalks and outward openings. C. rapunculoides is produced in Europe, named after its rhizome extension, and has been naturalized in North America. C. trachelium was produced in Eurasia and transplanted to North America. Rough, erect and hairy, with lavender, funnel-shaped and clustered flowers. Root grass, buttercup, is biennial in Eurasia and North Africa. Its turnip-like roots and leaves are cultivated and eaten. It is spicy and often used as salad. Spikes are erect, bell-shaped, with long stalks and lavender; Cauline leaves are narrow, basal leaves are wide and oval. Pittosporum flower is lavender to white, bowl-shaped, long-handled, and attached to the stem. Plant height 15 ~ 25 cm (6 ~ 10 inch), produced in eastern Europe, clustered in woodland and pasture, with many varieties. Other cultivated and ornamental species produced in Europe include dactylum glomeratum, milkweed and dactylum latifolium.

Other species

Xinjiang bellflower, drilling bellflower, limestone bellflower, grey bellflower, annual bellflower, long-column bellflower, silk-stem bellflower, southwest bellflower, riverside bellflower, Lijiang bellflower, Aristolochia, Campanula, Lithospermum and Campanula.

7 main value

Landscape use: Campanula is suitable for configuring small gardens as materials for flower beds and flower borders. Mainly used as potted flowers, but also for open-air flower borders. Campanula is suitable for arranging small gardens as materials for flower beds and flower borders. If bellflower and ornamental sunflower are used as the main materials, along with ivy, Lygodium japonicum and silk-stone bamboo baskets, it will present a lively and prosperous happy atmosphere. If purple bellflower is the main flower, with white lily, delphinium and asparagus as flower arrangement, it will look quiet and feminine.

Flower bed performance: As an annual flower, Bellflower overwinters in warm areas in winter, which can be used for planting at the border or edge of flower beds, rock bamboo gardens or gardens. Campanula is potted in a pot of 15-20cm, which can keep half shade to full light.

8 plant culture

Wenxin Huayu

Bellflower (figure 1 1)

Canterburybells

1. Creativity. In memory of Archbishop Cantpari, an Italian saint in the 5th century, his artistic talent created many beautiful poems for people. So the flower language of this flower is creativity. The person blessed by this flower has excellent creativity, so he has an attractive artistic temperament, independent personality and doesn't like to rely on others.

2. Blessing from afar.

3. thanks. Just like this flower, you are a grateful person, and you will remember the kindness of others.

4. tender love.

Step 5 be alert

6. Forever fetters

Origin of Flower Language: The genus Campanula appeared in Greek mythology and was loved by Apollo, the sun god. The jealous westerly wind threw the disc on the head of the wind chimes, and blood splashed on the ground, and the wind chimes blossomed. Therefore, its flower language is jealousy.

Anyone who is blessed by this flower has a strong desire for exclusivity and hopes that his lover will belong to him for 24 hours. However, this is likely to be counterproductive!

Proverbs are not perfect, including yourself.

Romantic poetry

Bellflower (fig. 12)

Purple bellflower

Author: clematis

The genus Campanula smiles at the wonderful night sky.

The wind is blowing gently.

Sweet wind chimes are floating.

The genus Campanula fluttered drunkenly in the wind.

A grass will have a dream.

In this strange world

Will this dream come true?

Go in that direction

Never give up.

a ray of hope

Your destiny is in your hands.

My wind chimes have a good wish.

Related legends

Bellflower (figure 13)

Legend 1: Night. Cool as water, a little firefly, intoxicating fragrance.

There is a faint scent of campanula in the sky above the Fairy Trace Forest, which diffuses and surges in people's hearts. The world here is still beautiful, like the sound of a fairy playing a piano in the moonlight. Everything sleeps quietly in silence and serenity, expecting to usher in another new mood in the alternation of night and dawn.

Only the bellflower didn't fall asleep. The love between A Zi and Lily adds to the curiosity and yearning for love. She exudes a delicate fragrance at night, thinking about vague hopes for the future in this special way.

In a few days, she will be sent to Yakun's lair as the guardian of the flower fairy in the fairy forest. From birth, this is the fate she has to face. At a certain moment, her soul will be transformed into a graceful figure of a girl, waiting for the appearance of the monster Yakun, and then, in the tears and waves of all the sisters, after accepting Angela's blessing, she will bid farewell to the garden and go to the monster's lair as a gift of peace and harmony. I wonder how many bellflower sisters have suffered.

The only thing to be happy about is that the Campanula family can transform into a beautiful girl, which is very enviable compared with other flower families. However, when this moment comes, it will mean the beginning of their tragic fate.

If you can love one day, you can feel a person's love for yourself. Such a beautiful memory should overcome all the hardships in the future, right?

Hey, what am I thinking? The genus Campanula sighed softly and looked around secretly. Nothing happened. She sighed secretly. The fragrance suddenly becomes dim at this moment. She never dared to expect love. What can destiny make her ask for? However, she has never been afraid and escaped. It's worth it for the peace of Jing Xian Woods, she told herself.

Are the stars also bowing their heads and thinking? Will there be one that belongs to her in that distant place? The genus Campanula recalled the dribs and drabs with her sisters, and countless overlapping scenes swept before her eyes. Flowers tremble with heartache, laugh and cry.

She remembers that once Lily shook her feathery leaves and told her that one day, a soldier waiting for love stroked his petals and whispered silently where his love was going.

I can't help but think of wisteria's stubbornness and persistence in love. She is waiting by the thick yellow leaves in the corner where love is placed, listening to the echo of rustling, trying to find the footprints of the people she loves.

What is love that can make every fairy feel sad? Campanula remembered what the flower fairies said to themselves:

"If I can, I really hope to become a girl like you and fly away with my lover."

"Grass, you don't understand. Once you fall in love with human beings, you are destined to plant sad roots. "

……

A gust of wind passed. With a fine whimper, the bluebells returned to the gods, and the rising sun on the horizon gradually rose and dyed the fairy forest red.

She sniffed hard and finally made a decision. In order not to leave any regrets, she decided to put a few love words in her pink and blue flower bag, and then let the white dandelion stand at the ends of the earth.

Cherish a mood and wait for a little expectation. Don't make a mistake, it's the guardian wind chime of Xianlin.

Legend 2: It is said that a long time ago, there was a couple who had bad karma. The husband is blind and lives by telling fortune for others; My wife is a clever weaver. Although the life of two people is hard, it is also happy!

Because the husband is blind and cannot see himself, the wife hangs a bell on her body every day. As the body moves, the bell will make a crisp sound. In this way, no matter where his wife is, the husband can find her, and he likes to hear such a bell. The wife is busy in the house, and the husband is sitting in a rocking chair listening to the bell, as if listening to a beautiful tune. In the bell, he heard his wife's love for him and her gentleness and kindness. When listening to ecstasy, I will tap the beat on the table and indulge in it.

In the past, the husband went out to tell fortune, and the wife was weaving at home. In the evening, his wife will cook the meal and go to the village to wait for him to come home. On this day, the husband went out as usual. Go to a remote mountain village to help people tell their fortune. On my way home, I passed a corner on the mountainside and met a carriage galloping by. To avoid the carriage, he took a few steps to the side of the road. The carriage escaped, but the man fell off the cliff and was never seen again. Many years later, a groom found his bones.

However, the wife still stood at the entrance of the village waiting for her husband to come back as before. But it was not until the moon was high that it disappeared.

Bellflower (5 pieces)

When her husband came back, his wife wanted to go out and look for him, but she didn't know where her husband had gone to help people tell their fortune, and she was worried that she would be sad if she didn't see her when she came back, so she stood there and waited. It was not until the sun rose that she went home sadly. After several days, there is still no husband. In this way, day after day, year after year, there is no news.

People in the village are very sympathetic to this woman. Because of her infatuation, they will help her inquire about her husband every time she goes out. One day, a businessman came back from far away and heard that he had brought back news of his husband. The wife ran out of the house and asked the businessman happily, "When will her husband come back?" Seeing the happy expression on her face, the businessman couldn't bear to tell her that her husband had passed away several years ago. But his wife is still waiting for his answer, so he has to tell her the truth. When the woman heard the news, she didn't speak or cry. She walked away quietly.

The wife returned to the village, quietly leaning against the big stone, waiting for her husband to come back. People in the village advised her to go home, but she just smiled and didn't say a word. She stopped knitting and waited by the big stone day and night. Year after year passed. One day, people in the village found the woman beside the big stone missing. There is a green plant in that position, and there are several bells on it. Everyone in the village said that this little green plant was changed by this woman and gave it a nice name-"Bellflower". Since then, "Bellflower" has become a token of mutual love between young men and women in the village.

It represents a promise to wait forever and only love you for life. When you receive a "campanula" from your beloved, this person will be happy all his life.