Sourdrang queen's life?

Sourdrang queen-a woman who assisted three generations of Qing emperors.

Sourdrang queen, surnamed Bolzigit and named Bumubutai, 16 13 was born in an aristocratic family in Horqin, Mongolia on March 28th, and is a descendant of Genghis Khan, a "golden family". 13 years old, married to the four baylor Huang taiji of Hou Jin State. After Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, she was named Zhuang Fei. During Shunzhi and Kangxi periods, she was honored as the Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager. 1688 65438+ died on1October 27th at the age of 75. Later generations used to call it sourdrang queen.

Sourdrang queen was an outstanding female politician in ancient China. She was virtuous, insightful and talented, and made great contributions to history. Under the complicated situation of ethnic contradictions and internal struggles of Manchu nobles, she successively established two little emperors (six-year-old son Fu Lin and eight-year-old grandson Michelle Ye) to reign; He assisted three generations of emperors (Huang taiji, Shunzhi and Kangxi) to unify the dynasty platform and made great contributions to the establishment and development of the great cause of the Qing Dynasty. However, she doesn't have any political title and doesn't want any political title, although courtiers have repeatedly asked her to "listen to politics"; As a wife (princess), mother (empress dowager) and grandmother (empress dowager), she quietly dedicated her efforts, wisdom and talents behind the scenes. No matter what contribution she makes, she owes it to her husband, son and grandson.

The "Xiaozhuang" queen, namely Xiaozhuang Empress Duan in the early Qing Dynasty, was originally a Mongolian, surnamed Borzijigit, named Bumubutai, and was the daughter of Berezhai Sang in Horqin, Mongolia. At the age of thirteen, she married Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty and was named "Zhuangfei". Her delicate, beautiful and elegant body is full of the blood of Genghis Khan's descendants, full of courage, fortitude, self-confidence and wisdom. I fought all my life in the whirlpool of the court struggle in Manchu Dynasty and the Armageddon in Ming and Qing Dynasties. She successively assisted the Qing Emperor Taizong (husband), the Qing Emperor Dourgen (married), the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty Fu Lin (son) and the Emperor Kangxi Michelle Ye (grandson), and presided over three major events, namely, entering the customs, establishing the capital and destroying the Ming Dynasty, which played an inestimable role in the establishment, consolidation and political clarity of the Qing Dynasty. ?

At that time, her position in the imperial court was no less than that of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, but she did not call herself the emperor. Her rights are no less than those of Empress Dowager Cixi, but she does not "listen to politics". Therefore, there are many stories circulating behind her.

First, Hong Chengchou was cleared. ?

Hong Chengchou was the governor of Hebei and Liao in Ming Dynasty and the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army. In a.d. 16 14, he was defeated and captured in Songshan and escorted to Shengjing. At that time, Huang Taiji was ambitious and wanted to annex the Central Plains. He wants to find a "guide" of an important Ming official to enter the customs. So I advised him to surrender at all costs. Money and beauty, but Hong Chengchou was unmoved and said righteously: "This handsome man only knows what is clear, not what is clear, only what is dead, not what is healthy!" Say, sit on the wall, don't drink or eat, just want to die quickly. Huang taiji really has nothing to do with him. ?

When the news reached the capital, the Ming Dynasty was moved by it, and immediately held a memorial service for him, and Emperor Chongzhen personally paid a memorial service. However, Hong Chengchou did not die generously at this time. He not only surrendered to the Qing court, but also became the "pioneer" of the Qing army. The person who made this surrender was none other than Zhuang Fei.

It is said that on the fourth day of Hong Chengchou's hunger strike, in a trance of humiliation and pain, suddenly a pretty woman dressed by the Han nationality pushed the door and sat beside Hong Chengchou, which made Hong Chengchou lose his vigilance and took him as a person in the same boat and started a conversation. I thought of my beloved wife and son in parallel, with mixed feelings and tears in my eyes. While wiping his tears, the woman whispered, "General, life and death are easy, but it is difficult to survive. The Ming Dynasty is like a building. General, you are the pillar of the Ming Dynasty. If the building destroys the beam, what will support the Ming Dynasty? At present, the Ming and Qing dynasties are evenly matched, but both sides lose in the war and prosper together in peace. With the general's prestige, if you can save your life, mediate between them, reverse the frozen situation and reach an agreement, won't you serve the court and the people of the world? " Hongcheng hesitated and was silent. The woman took the opportunity to explain: "Even if the general doesn't care about the affair between his family and my little daughter, he should care about the people and the country." "But-"Hong Chengchou has a crush, awkward. The woman quickly replied: "The Qing Lord is kind and generous, and will never embarrass the general." ?

Hong Chengchou nodded and the door opened. It turns out that the Qing emperor Huang Taiji "happened" to come, and he is looking forward to the result! ?

Since then, Hong Chengchou followed Dourgen into the customs, attacked the city and plundered the land, destroyed the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, pacified Jiangnan, swept Yunnan and Guizhou, and defeated Li Dingguo. He fought for the Qing Dynasty for more than 20 years and really became a pioneer in destroying the Central Plains in the Qing Dynasty. ?

This is the first time that Zhuang Fei has shown her brilliance. ?

Second, planning Fu Lin ascended the throne. ?

In a.d. 1644, Huang taiji died. A fierce battle for the throne began. There are three strong competitors: Prince Su, the eldest son of Huang Taiji, Prince Dourgen, the fourteenth brother of Huang Taiji, and the ninth son of Huang Taiji. Among them, Haug and Dourgen were both powerful princes, and Haug was the only son of the King-sealing brothers, who was in charge of the two banners of the Eight Banners, Huang Zheng and Huang Xiang, and got the support of half of the important Eight Banners troops. As for Dourgen, he has made outstanding military achievements and enjoys high prestige. He has two flag soldiers in his hand, one is a white flag and the other is a white flag. His soldiers are skilled and brave, and they are loyal to Prince Yu and Prince Azig of Wuying County. Neither group will compromise. Fu Lin, who is only six years old, has no strength. But he is Zhuang Fei's own son. What Zhuang Fei has is enough intelligence. She sat tight, secretly planned, and decided to use the contradiction between the two factions to fight for the throne for Fu Lin.

Zhuang Fei temporarily put aside the great grief caused by the death of Huang Taiji and devoted herself to the competition for positions. She sized up the situation and looked forward to the future. She felt that the land laid by Huang Taiji should not only be preserved, but also the great cause of reunifying the Central Plains is just around the corner. No matter who Haug or Dourgen ascended the throne, it will inevitably lead to a great civil war. This is what neither of us wants. Therefore, on the surface, Haug repeatedly made false excuses, while Dourgen hesitated, so it was an excellent opportunity to support the "third party" Fu Lin. The key is to win the support of the powerful faction! Zhuang Fei weighed the pros and cons. For the sake of the Qing Dynasty and her son Fu Lin, she made an extremely bold decision: use Dourgen to win him over! So, she used all the means of women and all the tricks of politicians to make Dourgen, who has always been responsible for reunification, reach an agreement with herself: she firmly supported Fu Lin's accession to the throne. Then came naturally, and Zhuang Fei did not move a sword and solved a tense battle for the throne. Fu Lin was called the emperor, while Zhuang Fei took advantage of the fisherman. After Fu Lin acceded to the throne, the following year was changed to the first year of Shunzhi. At that time, 3 1 year-old Zhuang Fei was honored as the queen mother. History is called "sourdrang dowager".

This is the second time. Zhuang Fei became the empress dowager.

Third, make Yanjing its capital. ?

Shunzhi came to power at the same time, Shanhaiguan chaos. Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished. The news reached the Qing court and shocked the ruling and opposition parties. In order to fulfill the wishes of the Qing Emperor Nuerhachi and the Qing Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji, sourdrang dowager made a decisive decision and decided to start the national military forces, enter the customs on a large scale, and unify the whole of China. She warned Dourgen to strictly observe military discipline, win the hearts of the people, move the capital to Beijing and stabilize the Central Plains.

Soon, Li Zicheng lost to the flood of the Qing army, set fire to the Ming Palace, looted treasures and fled in a hurry. It is a foregone conclusion that the Qing court moved the capital. The Qing court, from princes and nobles to ordinary people, were unwilling to leave their homes, away from the birthplace of their ancestors, and unwilling to go to a strange and hostile land. It was this Zhuang Fei who saved the day and decided to cross the rubicon and hold an unprecedented parade to move the capital. . She took the young emperor, bid farewell to the Zhaoling of Huang Taiji, and assumed all the risks and burdens of moving the capital. Her car took the lead in walking in front of this mighty army. Facing the empty city and scorched earth left by Li Zicheng, and facing the great difficulties of thousands of people without food and shelter, she foresaw and forced North Korea to support rice. It was she who made a firm decision: to make Yanjing her capital! ?

Suddenly, people were calm and the army was safe. Li Zicheng fell, and the small courts of Nanming, such as King Lu and King Tang, perished one after another. Qing Taizong's ambition of exhausting his life's energy and failing to get his wish has finally come true! A vast and populous Qing empire was established. And it is Xiaozhuang's son Shunzhi who "controls" the subjects of this great country. He is only six years old. ?

To say that Shunzhi's "governing the country and keeping the country safe" depends entirely on the small and strong. ?

Fourth, assist Kangxi.

In the early years of Shunzhi, after experiencing the tyranny of the late Ming Dynasty, the destruction of the peasant uprising and the looting of the Qing army, China has become sparsely populated, with desolate countryside, broken tiles and ruins. In order to help his young son govern this country, Xiao Zhuang tried his best to help Shunzhi pacify the pack, crack down on cronies, follow the Han system and practise thrift, so that the country could recuperate and the people could live and work in peace and contentment. Unfortunately, Shunzhi lived up to expectations. After his beloved wife Dong E Fei died of illness, she was devastated and died of smallpox herself. His son Kangxi became emperor at the age of eight, and Xiao Zhuang became empress dowager. Two years later, Kangxi's biological mother died, and the important task of raising and educating the ten-year-old Emperor Kangxi fell on Xiaozhuang's shoulders. She also advised Kangxi behind the scenes and governed the state affairs. ?

The four assistant ministers at that time, Ao Bai, Suksaha, Zieba Bilong and Sony, were full of contradictions and had their own ambitions. Xiao Zhuang divided and ruled, used them, and finally captured Ao Bai, who was once king, and consolidated the imperial power. Soon, San Francisco made an insurrection and withdrew from San Francisco, and was supported by Wu Sangui, Geng and Shang Zhixin. Xiaozhuang not only supported Kangxi's efforts to set things right, but also used his own money to reward the soldiers who went to war many times, which won the hearts of the people.

At the critical moment of the anti-Qing uprising in Bourny, Chahar, Mongolia, Xiao Zhuang recommended Tu Hai, a dismissed university student, as a general, which pacified the north and stabilized the overall situation. ?

A few years after Kangxi ascended the throne, all major events were implemented only after Xiaozhuang asked questions. ?

Kangxi was extremely filial to Xiaozhuang. He once said: "I have been teaching my grandmother for more than 30 years before I succeeded." The evaluation is unparalleled.

Fifth, the mystery of Zhuang Fei's next marriage. ?

In the 26th year of Kangxi, sourdrang dowager died at the age of 75. The supreme woman who devoted herself to the Qing Dynasty did not mourn the whole country as usual after her death. Her coffin was buried in the temporary security department for forty years, until the Yongzheng dynasty, and it was still buried outside the Feng Shui wall of the Qing Dongling, which was puzzling. ?

Later generations speculated that this was related to her legendary marriage with Dourgen. ?

It is said that Berezsang of Horqin once verbally betrothed Bumbutai to Dourgen. Not long after, Nurhachi went to Horqin Department again and met Bumu Butai, so he betrothed Bumu Butai to Huang Taiji. Dourgen thinks: Bumbutai originally belonged to him, but it was taken away by Huang Taiji. In order to ensure Fu Lin's accession to the throne, Dourgen would rather give up his chance to be emperor, and at the same time cut off the emperor dream of Haug, the son of another princess who succeeded Huang Taiji. Empress Xiaozhuangwen knew that Dourgen was in power in the ruling and opposition, with full wings, and it was easy to abolish the emperor and stand on his own feet. Once there is a change, not only will their mother and son lose their lives, but even the Qing Dynasty may be destroyed by the Eight Banners civil strife. Therefore, it is wise for her to change the magpie bridge into a matchmaker's marriage. Therefore, the court ordered marriage, ceremonies and weddings in the name of the emperor. Within two years, Dourgen died of illness. Fu Lin is not worried. Since then, it may be because Manchu accepted the moral standards of the Han people and was ashamed of it, and refused to write it into the official history. Later generations also regretted it and did not mention "getting married".