Fortune teller in Qing Dynasty _ Fortune teller in Qing Dynasty

How many thousand Buddha caves are there in China?

There are seven thousand Buddha caves in China: 1. Thousand Buddha Cave is a natural cave located about one kilometer northwest of Lashao Temple. It is one of the five scenic spots in Wushan water curtain cave Cave Group, including Xianshengchi, Lashao Temple, Thousand Buddha Cave, water curtain cave and Sanqing Cave. It is located in the valley of Chonglou Mountain, 50 kilometers northeast of Wushan County, Tianshui City, and is named after the mural "Thousand Buddhas". Also because of the hanging plastic seven buddha on the cliff, it is commonly known as seven buddha ditch. The cliff face on the inner side of the cave is divided into mural and hanging image by wooden plank road. There used to be seven holes in the cave, but now there are statues and murals on the sand cliff. The statues are dazzling and have different expressions. In particular, bodhisattva statues are rich and delicate, with the characteristics of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and some of them also contain the legacy of the Western Wei Dynasty, which is an important material for studying the early grotto art in China. The cliff plank road has been erected in water curtain cave Grottoes, and the riverbank slope protection has been strengthened, which is open to tourists. The Buddha cave is about 20 meters high and 500 meters deep. It is mainly composed of three halls (Thousand Buddha Hall, Wannian Chinese Painting Hall and Eight Immortals Drunken Music Hall) and five rooms (Auspicious Room, Meeting Room, Fairy Wall Room, Sword Room and Drunken Fairy Room). The "Thousand Buddha Hall" consists of more than a thousand pictures shaped like small stone buddhas, and the "Wannian Chinese Painting Hall" consists of large murals with three widths 10 meter. One is like a rushing river, the other is like a sky, with mountains and water, pavilions and pavilions. The colors and layers are properly matched, and the craftsmanship is amazing. The building of Thousand Buddha Cave is rectangular in east-west direction, with a mountain gate in the east. The main hall faces east from west, with civil structure, north-south houses and brick-wood structure. The main hall is a hard-topped building with a bucket arch, which is divided into three parts: front, middle and back. In the front hall, there is a statue of Sakyamuni Buddha, which is Zhang's. The middle hall is three rooms wide and painted with Buddha's words, 18 Luohan statue. There is a reclining Buddha in the backyard; These three parts are closely connected to form a whole. There is a stage in the southwest of the temple for the troupe organized by the temple fair. 2. There is also a grotto in the West Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang, which is located at the western end of Mingsha Mountain, the western end of Mogao Grottoes and the western end of Dunhuang City. It was also dug on the cliffs on the west bank of Danghe River basin, so it was called the West Thousand Buddha Cave. On the road from the southwest of Dunhuang City to Yangguan, the Danghe River is not far from the left. The north bank of the riverbed is barren Gobi Desert, and the south bank is winding sand mountain. The Xiqian Buddha is located on the steep cliff on the north bank of the riverbed at the end of the sand mountain. Although the scale of the West Thousand Buddha Cave is small, it has beautiful scenery and elegant environment. Here poplars are towering, pine and cypress are green, pink and willow green, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, just like a paradise. Although the Danghe ancient road in front of the cave has dried up, there is still a clear trickle lingering in front of the cave, as if playing beautiful music for the ancient grottoes. Gorgeous murals, interesting stories and lifelike Buddha statues in the grottoes cast a mysterious veil over this paradise. The West Thousand Buddha Cave is an integral part of Dundun Buddhist art system. From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, there were 17 caves. One to three caves belong to the Tang Dynasty, four to eight caves belong to the Wei Dynasty, and sixteen caves belong to the late Tang Dynasty. Other caves are difficult to identify because of weathering. Its cave shape and mural art style are the same as those of Mogao Grottoes. As there are no inscriptions and exact records, the date of excavation is unknown. However, it can be inferred from the words of the Buddhist shrine recorded in the suicide note "Tujing of Tudu House in Shazhou" in Dunhuang, Paris that the age of the establishment of the West Thousand-Buddha Cave is at least the same as that of the Mogao Grottoes. The paintings of "Zi Xuan Story" in the western part of the south wall of the Northern Wei Cave and "Prison Fork and Holy Change" in the eastern part are not available in the Northern Wei Cave of Mogao Grottoes, which shows its unique artistic value. 3. Chessboard Thousand Buddha Cave The Chessboard Thousand Buddha Cave is located on the sand cliff of Chessboard Valley in the southwest of Yecheng County. Some local people call it the "girl cave". According to legend, there was a queen in ancient times who gave birth to a princess. The fortune teller said that the girl was unlucky and wanted to go to the cave to avoid disaster, so the emperor dug more than a dozen holes in the sand cliff of the chessboard valley to let the girl live in the holes, hence the name "Girl Cave". This is just a legend. In fact, judging from the shape of the cave and the remaining murals in the cave, this is an ancient Buddhist site, which was excavated at the latest 10 century ago and has a history of at least 1000 years. The Thousand Buddha Cave on the chessboard has 10 caves of different sizes. It is one of the Thousand Buddha Caves in the westernmost part of China. Cave dwellings are single rooms, simple in structure, square or rectangular. The largest cave is 4.4 meters long and 3.9 meters wide, and the smallest is only 2 square meters. The four walls in the cave are flat and 3-3.5 meters high. The top is arched or barrel-shaped. There are not many relics in the cave. In some caves, you can see incomplete niches, Buddha statues and murals painted in red, green, blue, black and ochre. This Thousand-Buddha Cave has certain reference value for studying the eastward spread of Buddhism. Copper coins, single-eared pots, double-eared red pottery pots and stone mills carved in Chinese and Arabic were unearthed nearby. 4. Wutai Mountain Thousand Buddha Cave, also known as Buddha Cave, is located in the mountains southeast of Nantai. From Taihuai Temple gathering area, 20 miles south along the highway to Baiyun Temple, turn west into Goudengshan Road for 5 miles, and you will arrive at the Thousand Buddha Cave. A cliff like a barrier, with a rock wall near the top and a large natural cave on the right. According to "Liang Qingshan Zhi", "In the last years of Jiajing, Taoist priests swam here at night, saw the magic lamp, and went out and in. When Fang entered the door, he saw the Jade Buddha among them. The vault was deep. When he entered Xu Li, he smelled the waves, but he was too scared to come out. When I read the name of Guanyin, I want to make a statue. Suddenly I saw Yi Deng, and I found that I made a stone Buddha at the mouth of the cave. " Later generations also built a temple because of the cave stone Buddha, named Thousand Buddha Cave. This natural limestone cave is divided into an inner cave and an outer cave. The outer hole is wide and there is a stone Buddha at the entrance, which is deep and dark. There are five oblate holes behind the hole, which communicate with the inner hole. Just one person passes through the cave, so one arm must be raised close to the head, and the other arm should be pulled closer to the waist, so that the shoulder can be tilted before drilling into the inner hole. The same is true of the posture of drilling out of the inner hole. The inner hole is gourd-shaped and can accommodate six or seven people. There are many kinds of milk stones and stalagmites, such as the shape of the five zang-organs spine. Therefore, entering the cave is called "throwing Buddha's mother's womb" and leaving the cave is called "Buddha's mother's rebirth". According to Buddhists, "Buddha's Mother's Rebirth" can wash away the sins committed in the past, and this "Buddha's Mother's Cave" of "New Thousand Buddha Cave" is a must-see place for Buddhist believers, especially Mongolian and Tibetan Buddhists and overseas Buddhists to worship Wutai Mountain, and many tourists also come here. 5. Qizil Thousand Buddha Cave Qizil Thousand Buddha Cave is located about 60 kilometers southeast of Baicheng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Qizil is a transliteration of Uygur language, which means "red". This cave was dug between the cliffs of Mingudage Mountain on the north bank of Muzati River. There are 236 numbered caves, about one third of which are caves with relatively complete shapes and murals. According to the analysis of the shape characteristics of caves, the theme of murals and the artistic style, and judging by radioactive carbon, the grottoes are mainly the remains of the fourth to eighth centuries, which can be roughly divided into three periods: early, middle and late, and are typical representatives of Qiuci Grottoes. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, Vae, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, recorded the Qizil Grottoes in his book Waterway to the Western Regions. 1903, Japanese Tetsu Watanabe Shinji Kenxiong went to Qizil Grottoes to dig murals and stole cultural relics. 19 13 Japanese Rongsaburo Nomura and Koichiro Yoshikawa visited the grottoes. 1906 and 19 13 years, Germans Green Vedel and lecocq made long-term surveys, recorded and photographed, and stole a large number of exquisite murals, statues, Qiuci documents and other precious cultural relics. In addition, Russian oldenburg, Frenchman Peliott and Englishman Stan also visited here first and then. 1928, China scholar Huang Wenbi numbered 140 caves in Qizil Grottoes, and surveyed and cleaned some caves. From 65438 to 0953, the Xinjiang Cultural Relics Investigation Team of Northwest Cultural Bureau conducted a comprehensive survey and mapping of the grottoes. 1973, another cave was found in Qizil Grottoes. 6. Thousand Buddha Cave in Ningxiang The Thousand Buddha Cave in Cuiping Township, Ningxiang County is a cave formed 360 million years ago. The landform is complex, and there are rare canyons in the cave. The vertical height is nearly 100 meters. Cuiping Township is located in the western mountainous area, 62 kilometers away from Ningxiang County, with beautiful scenery, overlapping peaks, Shilong Cave, Xiaxi, Monkey Mountain and Juvenile Reservoir. Huang Tong outlined the beauty and magnificence of Cuiping. Shilong Cave (formerly known as Thirteen Cave) is located at the foot of the scenic Shilong Mountain. According to legend, it is composed of thirteen serial holes, hence the name thirteen holes. Shilong Cave is the most concentrated karst cave in Changsha area. According to expert analysis, it is 2300 meters long, with deep caves and valleys and mysterious twists and turns. The holes are connected, and there are holes in the holes. A big hole can hold thousands of people, and a narrow place can only hold one person. Stalactites, stalagmites and stone pillars in the cave are in different shapes, with hidden rivers and waterfalls, and wonders come one after another. The cave is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is a good place for people to spend their summer vacation. From the magical Shilong Cave, take the bus 1 km and enter the natural canyon-Xiaxi, with a total length of 5.6 km. The green hills on both sides of the strait face each other, with knives and axes like knives and waterfalls like silver chains hanging straight; Strange stones in the stream are strange and beautiful; Its winding streams, deep valleys and secluded pools are good places for rafting. Cross Xiaxi, climb the shady stone road in the forest and climb Monkey Mountain. Its main peak is 1 100 meters above sea level and is located at the junction of Ningxiang, Anhua and Taojiang counties. When you climb to the top of the mountain, you will feel relaxed and happy, and have the poetic realm of "reaching the top, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.". Produced. Juvenile Reservoir, a national small reservoir, can be reached from the foot of Monkey King Mountain, with a storage capacity of 6,543,800 cubic meters. The water in the reservoir is as clear as a mirror, with a lot of fish, pine and cypress, and the scenery is picturesque and beautiful. 7. Skeqin Thousand Buddha Cave Skeqin Thousand Buddha Cave, also known as "Seven Star House", is located 30 kilometers southwest of Yanqi County. "Ming Zhai" means 1000 rooms in Uighur. There is only one temple site in the Tang Dynasty, which was one of the "Galand (Buddhist Temple)" at that time. Skeqin Thousand-Buddha Cave Site includes Nanda Temple, Beida Temple and Thousand-Buddha Cave Grottoes not far from the temple.