What is the lineage of the British royal family?

In fact, not only the British royal family, but also the royal aristocrats in Europe can climb the kinship, and many of them are descendants of inbreeding. Just like China in ancient times, they also had many political marriages. For example, Anne was the last monarch of the Stuart dynasty in England, and Anne died in 17 14. Then the next monarch came from the Hanover family in Germany, that is, King George I of England. His accession to the throne injected German blood into the British royal family. The first king of the Hanover family. Religion pushed Britain into the Georgian era.

The Origin of the British Royal Family and the List of Kings

origin

Britain experienced the rule of the Roman Empire. After the Romans retreated, they entered a period of scuffle between the small kingdom and the small tribal alliance. In the 6th century, Elizabeth II.

The invading Anglo-Saxons formed seven kingdoms (tribal alliances). The kingdom of Wessex grew stronger. In 829, King egbert conquered other kingdoms and became Lord of England. But at the same time, Britain also entered the "terrible Viking era" and was invaded by waves of Vikings. Alfred, the grandson of Egbert, was honored as the "Great Emperor" by later generations because of his achievements in successfully resisting Danish invasion, building London, and organizing the compilation of Alfred Code and Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Wessex dynasty handed down 15 generations of kings. When they arrived in Edmund Ii, they finally couldn't resist the Danes and were forced to carve up Britain with King Knut of Denmark. When Edmund Ii died in 10 16, Knut annexed the whole England and began the rule of the Danish dynasty. But in 1042, Edward the confessor, a descendant of the Wessex royal family, inherited the Danish throne through maternal descent. 1066, Edward the Confessor, on his deathbed, instructed witenagemot to elect Hadro II as king. But William, Duke of Norman from northwest France, crossed the ocean and conquered England. He is William I, the conqueror, who founded the Norman Dynasty. William I enfeoffed a large number of Norman nobles to England, and compiled a land tax questionnaire through the national census, which strengthened the kingship of England. After the death of William I's son Henry I, his nephew Stephen succeeded to the throne because he had no children. However, Henry I's daughter Matilda and her son Henry II refused to accept it and defeated Stephen, forcing him to make Henry II his heir.

The Plantagenets

1 154, Henry ii began to rule the plantagenet dynasty. The Plantagenet Dynasty (Anjou Dynasty) was the first golden age in British history, and a large number of famous kings emerged. Henry II, with high legal attainments, carried out many fruitful reforms in the British legal system. After his son Richard I succeeded to the throne, he took part in the Third Crusade, once defeated Saladin and became famous, and won the title of "Lion Heart King". John, Richard I's younger brother, succeeded to the throne and was defeated by Philip II, king of France, and lost a large territory in France. However, the Magna Carta of Freedom signed in 12 15 under the coercion of big noble is a milestone in the history of world constitutional development. During his reign, Henry III, the son of Landless King, was also coerced by big noble to pass the Oxford and Westminster Ordinances and open the Legislative Assembly. During the reign of Henry III's son "Long Legs" Edward I of England in England, the parliamentary system was mature and the British legal system was perfect. It also annexed Wales and made an expedition to Scotland, which laid the foundation for the unification of Britain. When Edward I of England's grandson Edward III arrived in England, the battle for the French throne began the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France, and the French knights were defeated several times. Edward III's grandson Richard II was deposed by Henry IV, Duke of Lancaster, and the Plantagenet Dynasty was replaced by Lancaster Dynasty. In fact, Henry IV was also the grandson of Edward III and the son of Prince Gunter, who was named Duke of Lancaster. Henry V, the son of Henry IV, reopened the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France and ravaged most of France, forcing the French king to recognize him as his heir. Unfortunately, Charles and Camilla suddenly died suddenly.

On the battlefield in France. His son Henry VI became the king of Britain and France before he was one year old, but the appearance of Joan of Arc turned the tide of war in France, and the British were driven out of France. Henry VI's rule in Britain will soon come to an end. 1455, the Duke of York, the descendant of Edward III's granddaughter Filipa, revolted. The history of this war is called "Red and White wars of the roses". Henry VI was abolished and rebuilt, and was finally defeated by the York family. English Edward IV of England of York family succeeded to the throne and established York family. However, wars of the roses is not over yet. 1485, henry vii, son of Gunter, Duke of Lancaster, attacked Britain from abroad, killed Richard, the late king of York family, and established the Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII, the son of Henry VIII, broke away from the Pope and carried out the religious reform in England. Since then, the king of England has become the "leader of the established religion". During the period of Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII, Britain successfully passed through the chaotic period of religious reform and made great progress in economy, culture and military affairs. However, Elizabeth I was unmarried for life and had no heir. The Tudor dynasty ended, and her cousin (the great-grandson of Henry VIII's sister), King James VI of Scotland, succeeded to the throne of England, which was called James I. England and Scotland were ruled by the same king for the first time in history, and the Stuart dynasty began. Charles I, the son of James I, was overthrown in the English Revolution of 1640- 1648, and was finally guillotined. Cromwell became Princess Diana.

Lord protector. Charles ii, son of Charles I, restored the Stuart dynasty in 1660. However, after his younger brother James II ascended the throne, despite the fact that most people in Britain had converted to Protestantism, he tried to restore the dominance of Catholicism and fell into a alienated situation. His daughter Mary Ⅱ and his son-in-law William (William III in power in the Netherlands) invaded Britain at the invitation of the upstart and overthrew James II's rule, but they accepted the premise of the Parliamentary Bill of Rights. This event was called the "glorious revolution" and a constitutional monarchy was established. After Mary Ⅱ's younger sister Anne succeeded to the throne, she announced that England and Scotland had merged into the same kingdom. Anne died childless, and the Stuart dynasty ended. 17 14, the British parliament invited George, the granddaughter of James I and the son of the German Hanover family, to inherit the British throne and started the Hanover family. Hanover period was the golden age when Britain vigorously expanded its colonies overseas and began the industrial revolution. By the hand of Queen Victoria, the sixth king, the British overseas colonies reached more than 3,300 square kilometers, which was called "not falling into the empire". At the same time, under the impetus of the industrial revolution, new things constantly emerged, social life changed with each passing day, and the British Empire reached its peak. But at the same time, the real power of the British royal family has been shrinking. In the 20th century, it almost became a "rubber stamp" of the country's political life.

Windsor royal family

Queen Victoria married Albert of the Saxony-Coburg-Gotha family in Germany. After her son Edward VII succeeded to the throne, she was also called the Saxony-Coburg-Gotha Dynasty after her father's surname. During the reign of George V, the son of Edward VII, he caught up with World War I and refused to use the surname of the enemy Germany. He changed the name of the royal family to Windsor (because the palace is Windsor Castle) and the name of the dynasty to Windsor Dynasty. The Windsor dynasty has continued to this day, and Elizabeth II, who is currently in office, is its fourth king. Although the British royal family has experienced many dynasties, in fact, there is a blood relationship between the front and back dynasties, and the royal lineage has never been interrupted.

In this section, edit the hereditary chronology of England and the British royal family.

Wessex dynasty

(829-1016)1egbert (in 802-839) 2 Ethelbov (in 839-858) 3 Ethelbad (in 858-860) 4 Ethelbert (in 860-866) 5 Ethel. 7 King Edward I of England of England (900-924) 8 Ethelstan (924-940) 9 Edmund I (940-946) 10 Edred (946-955)1Edwin (955-959) 6543.

Danish dynasty

(1013-1042)1Swing I (King of Denmark) (10/3-10/4 in office.

Wessex dynasty (continued)

Edward the Confessor (reigned 1042- 1066) 2 Harold II (reigned 1066).

Norman dynasty

(1066-1135)1William I (1028- 1087) (King of England1066-/kloc-0. 1 100) 3 Henry I (1068- 1 135) (King of England1100-135) 4. 35- 1 154) Plantagenet Dynasty (Anjou Dynasty) (154-1399):1Henry II (1133-) 65438+9- 12 16) 4 Henry III (1207- 1272) (King of England1216-1272). II (1284- 1329) (King of England 1307- 1327) 7 Edward III (13 12- 1377).

Lancaster college

(1399- 146 1 year) 1 Henry iv (1367- 14 12) (king of England/kloc-0) 3 Henry VI (65438+2 King Edward V of England of England (1470- 1483) (King of England 1483) 3 Richard III (1452- 1485) (King of England/. Tudor dynasty (1485-1603):1henry vii (1457- 1509) (king 1485- 1509). (King of England 1509- 1547) 3 King of England Edward VI of England (1537- 1553) 4 Jane? Gray (1537- 1554) (Queen of England 1553) 5 Mary I (15 16- 1558) (Queen of England1558).

Stuart dynasty

(1603-1714)1James I (1566- 1625) (Scottish king1567-/kloc-0.

* * * and political power

1649-16531lord protector Oliver? Cromwell (1599- 1658) (in the position of 1653- 1658) 2 the axiom of protecting the country? Cromwell (1626- 17 12) (Tel: 1658- 1659)

Stuart dynasty (continued)

1 charles ii (1630- 1685) (Scottish king1651-kloc-0/685, British king1660-/kloc- King of Scotland 1685- 1688) 3 Mary Ⅱ (1662- 1694) (Queen of England, Queen of Scotland 1689- 1694) William III (/.

Hanover family

(1 714-1901year)1George I (1660- 1727) (King of England1727) 3 George III 5 William IV (1765- 1837) (King of England1830-1819-1901) (King of England)

Windsor royal family

(19 17—) 1 George v (1865- 1936) (king of England1910-/kloc-0. 3 George VI (1895- 1952) (King of England 1936- 1952) 4 Elizabeth II (1926-) (King of England1952)