How to calculate the lunar calendar

The length of the calendar month in the lunar calendar is based on the first month of the lunar calendar, with 30 days in the first month and 29 days in the second month. The first lunar month and the second lunar month complement each other, making the average length of calendar months close to the first lunar month.

Lunar New Moon is the first day of the month-the first day of the month. Astronomically speaking, the so-called "new moon" has a definite moment, that is, the ecliptic of the moon is the same as that of the sun. (The calculation of the ecliptic of the Sun and Moon is very complicated, so I won't introduce it here. )

As for the basis for determining the name of the lunar month, it is determined by "Zhongqi". That is, the month containing "rain" is January; February is a month with "vernal equinox"; March is the month of Grain Rain; April is a month with "small fullness"; May is a month with "summer solstice"; June is the month of "great summer heat"; July is the month of "summer heat"; August is the month of autumnal equinox; September is the month of "first frost"; 10 is the month of "light snow"; 1 1 month is a month with "winter solstice"; 1February is the month of heavy snow. There is no month with neutral gas like last month's leap month.

The calendar year of the lunar calendar is based on the tropic year, but a tropic year is more than 12 months and less than 13 months. When ancient astronomers compiled the lunar calendar, in order to make any day in a month contain the meaning of the moon phase, that is, the first day is moonless night and the fifteenth day is full moon, with the moon as the main factor, taking into account the seasons. There are seven leap years and each leap year has thirteen months.

Why adopt the method of "seven leaps in nineteen years"? The average lunar month is 29.5306 days, and there are 12.368 lunar months in a tropical year. The progressive scores of the fractional part of 0.368 are 1/2, 1/3, 3/8, 4/1,7/68. Because 19 tropical years = 6939. 18 days, and 19 lunar years (plus 7 leap months) have 235 lunar months, which is equal to 6939.88+00 days, the two are almost the same.

Seven leap months are inserted for nineteen years, and the insertion method is exquisite. The position of the lunar leap month is completely artificial from ancient times to the present, and the position of the leap month has been different in all previous dynasties. Before the Qin Dynasty, the leap month was placed at the end of a year and was called "March". The leap month in the early Han dynasty was placed after September, which was called "post-September". In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, leap months were inserted in every month of the year. Later, it was stipulated that "the month without neutral gas was the leap month of the previous month", which is still in use today.

Why are there no gas in some months? The average interval between solar terms and solar terms, or neutral gas and neutral gas is 30.4368 days (that is, 65.2422 days in a tropical year is divided into 12 days), while the average interval in a lunar month is 29.5306 days, so the date of solar terms or neutral gas in the lunar month is postponed month by month. At a certain time, the neutral gas is not in the middle of the month, but moves to the end of the month, and the next neutral gas moves to the beginning of the next month.

As mentioned earlier, when the ancients compiled the lunar calendar, they took twelve China Qi as the symbol of twelve months, that is, the rain was the symbol of the first month, the vernal equinox was the symbol of February, and Grain Rain was the symbol of March ... The month without China Qi was regarded as a leap month, which made the calendar name correspond to China Qi one by one, thus maintaining the original symbol of China Qi.

From the seventh leap of 19, the tropic year of 19 has 228 solar terms and 228 neutral qi, while the lunar calendar 19 has 235 new months. Obviously, there are seven months without solar terms and seven months without neutral atmosphere, so it is logical to designate the months without neutral atmosphere as leap months.

The size of the lunar month is very irregular, sometimes two, three, four big months or two three small months are connected together, and the length of the calendar year varies greatly. The distribution dates of solar terms and gas in the lunar calendar are very unstable and vary greatly. In this way, the lunar calendar seems very complicated. In fact, the lunar calendar still has a certain cyclical law: because the number of days in the 19 tropic year is almost equal to that in the 19 lunar year, every 19 lunar year is almost the same. Every nineteen years, the Gregorian calendar day on the first day of each month in the same month of the lunar calendar is generally the same or one day apart ... >>

How to calculate the algorithm of lunar calendar? 5 points 1. Calculation of lunar rules;

The calculation of solar terms and the time of the first lunar month shall be based on East longitude 120 degrees and China Standard Time.

(Lunar calendar is based on Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Second, first of all, you need to know the following common terms:

Zodiac: it is the coordinate value used to determine the position of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere in the ecliptic coordinate system, which is divided into 360 degrees. In this system, the celestial sphere is divided into two hemispheres by the ecliptic plane. When the sun runs at 0 degrees of the ecliptic, it is the vernal equinox, when it runs at 90 degrees of the ecliptic, it is the summer equinox to the sun, when it runs at 180 degrees, it is the autumn equinox, and when it runs at 270 degrees, it is the winter equinox to the sun.

Shuori: The day when the moon moves between the earth and the sun is called Shuori.

Pingshuo: calculated by the average length of the moon, regardless of the inequality between the sun and the moon; Disadvantages: "The day containing the real" new moon "may sometimes appear on the last day of the previous month ("dark day ",29th or 30th), and sometimes on the second day of junior high school".

Deciding the new moon: the inequality between the sun and the moon is taken into account in the calculation, and the day of the real "new moon" is taken as the beginning of each month.

Homogeneous level: the uneven motion of the sun on the ecliptic is not considered in the calculation, and the first anniversary (tropic year) is divided into 24 solar terms, and the average number of days between the two solar terms is 15.22 days.

Fixed Qi: Considering the uneven movement of the sun on the ecliptic, the days between the two solar terms of fixed Qi are different, the short one is only 14 days, and the long one is 16 days.

Winter solstice: the day when the winter solstice is handed over is called winter solstice. The winter solstice must be in the second month: set the day of the winter solstice or the day before the winter solstice as the "starting point" of the first day of the second month (note: the starting point is different from fortune telling).

Jian Zheng: In the first month of the year, the establishment of the lunar calendar is "Xia Zheng": the first month of establishing the summer calendar [the second month is 1 1 month];

Andrew: The first month of the lunar calendar is ugly [February and December], and the Lu calendar is the same as the lunar calendar;

Zhou Zheng: The Zhou calendar (Zhou Dynasty calendar) was built in the first month [February is the first month];

Qin Zheng: The Zhuan Xu calendar in Qin Dynasty was established in the first month, and October in Shanghai is the first month of the year.

Solar terms: A year is divided into twelve solar terms and twelve atmospheric festivals, with a total of twenty-four solar terms. Before Li Shixian in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1645), Li Shixian in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1645) marked a fixed atmosphere.

Third, the calendar:

Pay attention to the difference between annotation and calculation. The algorithm of determining the moon's sky was produced in Sui and Tang Dynasties, but it was blocked by conservative forces at that time and did not complete the transformation from flat sky annotation to fixed sky annotation. For example, when the monk and his party revised the Dayan calendar, they advocated the annotation of the gas, but the court did not adopt his theory. Finally, the fixed space algorithm is only used to calculate the solar eclipse, five-star arrangement and solar eclipse forecast before the end of Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the calendar of Chongzhen was finally established after fierce debate.

Calendar: it can be divided into solar calendar, lunar calendar and yin-yang calendar;

Gregorian calendar: A year is divided into 12 months, which has nothing to do with the movement of the moon. According to the date of the solar calendar, we can know that the four seasons change from cold to summer, and guide agriculture reasonably. Gregorian calendar (scientific name Gregory calendar) is a kind of solar calendar.

Lunar calendar (lunar calendar): one month is the full and short term of the moon (that is, the new moon equals 29.50588 days), and the product of 12 months is one year. The annual apparent motion law of the sun is completely ignored, so the date of the lunar calendar can't show the warmth and coldness of the four seasons. This calendar is of little practical value, except for * * *, which has been abandoned.

Lunar calendar: China lunar calendar belongs to this category. It takes the moon phase, that is, the change cycle of the moon, as the month length and the return year of the sun as the age. By setting leap months, the average calendar year adapts to the tropic year. According to the date of the lunar calendar, we can not only know the ebb and flow of tides, but also grasp the changes of seasons.

Almanac: A publication that records calendars and other related information, such as yellow calendars and perpetual calendars. Electronic almanac is the product of scientific and technological development and a new carrier.

Fourth, the lunar rules.

The ancient definition of Japan is that the earth rotates once a day. When the sun is farthest from the horizon, it is equivalent to 23:00~ 1:00 Beijing time. But in the lunar calendar, a day begins at Zizheng (0:00) instead of Zizhu (23:00).

Monthly policy and final rule: the new moon is the starting point of each month (the first day); From the first day of the first month to the second day of the first month, there are as many days as there are in this month. The big moon has 30 days and the small moon has 29 days; Pingshuo was used before the second year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (AD 6 19), and Dingshuo was used after the second year of Wude (AD 6 19).

Year strategy and leap rule: the winter solstice must be in the next month (1 1 month), if there are1month from the previous winter to the sun and moon (1month) to the next winter to the sun and moon ... >>

How to calculate the date of the lunar calendar is a set of methods for calculating the date based on the operation of the ancient sun.

Generally, there will be a leap year every four years, that is, one more day every four years.

Knowledge about the lunar calendar

Lunar calendar (summer calendar, lunar calendar, ancient calendar, yellow calendar, old calendar)

The lunar calendar takes the time of the first month of the lunar calendar as the average time of the calendar month. This is the same as the pure lunar calendar, but the lunar calendar adopts the method of setting leap months and 24 solar terms, so that the average length of the calendar year is equal to the tropic year, which has the elements of the solar calendar, so it is better than the pure lunar calendar.

It is said that our ancestors used this calendar in all lunar calendars as early as the Xia Dynasty (before17th century BC). So people also call it the summer calendar. After liberation, it was still called the summer calendar. After 1970, it was renamed the China Lunar Calendar. As for the origin of the first place in the lunar calendar, it is probably because the country has been founded on agriculture since ancient times, so the calendar must serve agriculture.

The lunar calendar is based on the new moon. The time of the first month of the lunar calendar is 29th 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds (i.e. 29.5366 days), so the lunar calendar is also 30 days for the big month and 29 days for the small month, but it is not exactly the same as the pure lunar calendar, because the pure lunar calendar is arranged alternately with big and small months, and the size and month of the lunar calendar are determined by calculation.

The first day of each month in the lunar calendar happens to be a new moon (that is, when the moon is in the middle of the sun and the earth faces the earth with a dark half). Sometimes there may be two big months or two small months in a row. Because the first month of the lunar calendar is slightly longer than 29 and a half days, there are about 53 big months and 47 small months in every 100 calendar month of the lunar calendar.

The lunar calendar basically takes1February as a year, but the time of 12 lunar month is 354.3667 days, which is about 1 1 day different from the tropical year. This will add 33 days every three years, that is, an extra month.

In order to eliminate the extra days, one month is added every three years, which is the leap month of the lunar calendar. A year with a leap month is also called a leap year. Therefore, the lunar leap year has 13 months. As for the leap month, it is determined by the solar terms.

As a kind of lunar calendar, the number of days in each month depends on the monthly loss, and the time of one year is based on 12 months. In order to close the earth's cycle around the sun, that is, the tropic year, one month is added every two to three years, and the added month is a leap month, so the leap year of the lunar calendar is 13 months.

There is no thirteenth month in the lunar calendar. According to the calendar rules, leap months are repeated from February to the same month after 10, and the repeated months are leap months. For example, the leap month after April is called leap April.

Calculation of leap month in lunar leap year, three-year leap, five-year leap, 19 leap; The lunar calendar basically takes 19 as a cycle, corresponding to the same time in the Gregorian calendar. For example, in the Gregorian calendar, May 27th, 2006, 5438+0, May 27th 1982 and May 27th 1963 are the fifth day of leap April.

The month of the leap month is inferred according to the laws of the lunar calendar, mainly according to the coincidence with the 24 solar terms of the lunar calendar;

The number of leap months in the lunar calendar is 29 or 30 days, just like normal months.

The so-called "leap" in the lunar calendar is just called leap year and leap month, and there are also leap years in the solar calendar.

Another name for lunar month

January: the first month, the second month, the month of Meng, the end of the month, beginning of spring and beginning of spring;

February: such as the moon, apricot moon, mid-spring and early spring;

March: Sick Month, Peach Month, Ji Chun, Bingyue, Sanchun, Yangchun and Late Spring;

April: Yuyue, Qinghe, Taoyue and Xia Meng;

May: Job Liu Yue, midsummer;

June: and month, lotus month, Xia Yue, late summer month;

July: Meet, Qiao Yue, Shuangyue, Qiu Meng and the same month;

August: Zhuangyue, Gui Yue, Mid-Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival;

September: autumn, auspicious sea and moon, gathering the moon;

October: Yangyue, Xiaoyangchun and Germination;

November: Gu Yue, Jiayue and Midwinter;

December: Tuyue, Twelfth Moon, Jiapingyue and Jidong.

The first ten days of a lunar month are customarily called the first day. For example, the second day of the first month of the lunar calendar is called the second day of the first month. Of course, it is also correct to say 65438+10.2.

The first month of the lunar calendar (the first month of the year) begins after 65438+1October 20th and before the end of February. For example, the first day of the first lunar month may be 65438+10.21,or it may be February 20; Conversely, the last day of the Lunar New Year is 65438+1from October 20th to the end of February.

The formula of big and small moon in lunar calendar

Make up two hexagrams a year, and it will be safe in early July and February.

When it's cloudy and sunny, I will go to divination. If it is the tenth year of leap month ... >>

How to calculate that the lunar year is arranged according to 60 orders?

Sixty Jia Zi (sixty Hua Jia Zi, six Jia Zi)

1. heavenly stems and earthly branches is collocated in order, that is, A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Ke, Xin, Ren, Gui, Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai, starting from Jia. Also known as sixty flowers. Because there are six groups that start with "A", they are also called "Liu Jia".

2. refers to people over 60 years old.

3. The 60-star gods of Taoism, that is, the 60 gods on duty every day. Use heavenly stems and earthly branches's collocation as the name to call these gods.

Sixty-one sub-table

0 1 jiazi 1 1 JOE 2 1 Shen Jia 3 1 Wu Jia 4 1 Chen Jia 5 1 Jiayin.

02 b ugly 12 b sea 22 b tour 32 b Wei 42 b si 52 b hair

03 bingyin 13 bingzi 23 Xu Bing 33 Shen Bing 43 Wu Bing 53 Chen Bing

04 Ding Mao 14 Ding Chou 24 Ding Hai 34 Ding You 44 Ding Wei 54 Ding Si

05 Chen Wu 15 Wuyin 25 Wuzi 35 Wuxu 45 Wu Shen 55 Wuwu

06 season 16 season gross 26 season domain 36 season sea 46 Ji You 56 wiki.

07 Geng Wu 17 Chen Geng 27 Geng Yin 37 Geng Zi 47 Geng Xu 57 Geng Shen.

08 Xin Wei 18 Xinsi 28 Xin Mao 38 Xin Chou 48 Xin Hai 58 Xin You.

09 Ren Shen 19 Renwu 29 Renchen 39 Renyin 49 Renzi 59 Ren Xu

10 Gui You 20 Guiwei 30 Guisi 40 Guimao 50 Guichou 60 Guihai

Jiazi Yin Na

Ten stems and twelve branches are collocated in turn, from Jiazi to Guihai, and a total of 60 combinations are called Sixty Jiazi. The meaning of each group with one syllable and five lines is still a mystery.

Jiazi, ugly, there is gold in the sea;

Bing Yin, Ding Mao, fire in the furnace;

Chen Wu, Keith, there are big trees;

Wei Xin Geng Wu, there is soil on the roadside;

Gui You Ren Shen, with sword front gold;

JOE, Yihai, has a mountain fire;

Bingzi and Ding Chou have holes in the water;

Wuyin, Jimao, the same wall soil;

Chen Geng and Sins, with ash gold;

Renwu, cinnamon, willow;

Shen Jia and Yiyou have springs;

Xu Bing and Dinghai, using the soil on the house;

Five sons, ugly, thunder and fire;

Geng Yin, Xin Mao, with pine and cypress;

Chen Chen, your company, has regular tap water;

Wu Jia, Yiwei, sand with gold;

Bing Shen, Ding You, with the mountain fire;

Wuxu, Jihai, with Pingmu;

Gengzi, Xin Chou, has soil on the wall;

Renyin, Guimao, with gold foil;

Chen Jia and Yisi have Buddha's light;

Ding Wei Bingwu, Tianhe;

Ji Youwu is a god, and the earth is big;

Geng Xu, Xinhai, with gold;

Renzi, Guichou, Sang Song;

Jiayin, Mao Yi, with big streams;

Chen Bing, Ding Si, use sand;

Wu Wu, I am gone, and the fire is in the sky;

Have a heart of Geng Shen, use pomegranate wood;

Ren Xu, Guihai, the sea is very big.

How to calculate the lunar leap year? A leap year in the lunar calendar is a year that includes leap months.

As we know, the total length of a tropical year is 365.2422 days, while the length of a lunar month is 29.5306 days, and the length of twelve lunar months is 29.5306× 12=354.3546 days, which is about ten days. If we don't make up for it, the Spring Festival may arrive in summer in a few years.

In order to coordinate the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year, our ancestors found out the method of adding seven leap months in 19, that is, "seven leap months in nineteen years", which coordinated the tropic year and the lunar year well, and kept the New Year's Day (Spring Festival) of the lunar calendar at the end of winter and the beginning of spring. At present, the method of setting leap is between two winter solstice. If it is only 12 months, it is not a leap; if it is 13 months, it is a leap. The leap month begins on the "winter solstice". When there is no "neutral spirit" in the first month, this month is a leap month, and its name is to add the word "leap" before the previous month.

What month is the lunar leap month? It depends on the 24 solar terms in a year.

The twenty-four solar terms of the China lunar calendar are divided into twelve solar terms and twelve neutral terms, among which odd-numbered solar terms (such as beginning of spring) are called solar terms and even-numbered solar terms (such as rain) are called neutral terms.

The lunar calendar takes the moon as the cycle (lunar calendar), and the December calendar is about 354 days. Combined with the almanac (solar calendar), the almanac is compiled according to the four-season cycle formed by the revolution of the earth. The monthly calendar is shorter than the annual calendar by 1 1 day. Therefore, it is necessary to add 7 leap months every 19 years to make up for the error. Deciding which month is a leap month depends on 24 solar terms. Lunar months usually include a solar term and a neutral atmosphere, such as the autumn equinox. If a lunar month has only solar terms but no neutral atmosphere, one more month will be added to the calendar as a leap month. Taking 2006 as an example, July of the lunar calendar happened to be a month with solar terms but no neutral atmosphere, so there was an adjustment error in July.

The date of the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar is postponed month by month, so in some lunar months, the gas falls at the end of the month, and it will be out of gas next month.

Generally, there will be a month without gas every two years, which coincides with the year when leap months are needed. Therefore, the lunar calendar stipulates that non-neutral months are leap months. Naturally, that month was a leap year. ...

How to calculate the lunar calendar and solar calendar? 10 method for calculating the Gregorian calendar date: As mentioned earlier, the date of the lunar calendar is based on the full moon, with each new moon as the first day, the full moon is fifteen (the big moon is sixteen) and the dark moon is twenty-nine (the big moon is thirty). However, at present, the date of the solar calendar is usually used to express the time. If you want to convert the date of the solar calendar into the date of the lunar calendar, you can use the following two methods: one is to search the newly edited perpetual calendar, for example, what is the date of the lunar calendar on June 8, 1984? Open the perpetual calendar, 10 June is the eleventh lunar month, so it is inferred that June 8 is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Secondly, we can use the formula to calculate the lunar calendar date:

Suppose: the number of AD years-1977 (or1901) = 4q+r.

Then: Lunar date =14q+10.6 (r+1)+date ordinal of the year-29.5n.

(Note: Q, R and N in the formula are natural numbers. How to calculate the date of the lunar calendar with the date of the lunar calendar: As mentioned above, the date of the lunar calendar is based on the full moon, that is, every new moon is the first day, the full moon is fifteen (the full moon is sixteen) and the dark month is twenty-nine (the full moon is thirty). However, at present, the date of the solar calendar is usually used to express the time. If you want to convert the date of the solar calendar into the date of the lunar calendar, you can use the following two methods: one is to search the newly edited perpetual calendar, for example, what is the date of the lunar calendar on June 8, 1984? Open the perpetual calendar, 10 June is the eleventh lunar month, so it is inferred that June 8 is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Secondly, we can use the formula to calculate the lunar calendar date:

Suppose: the number of AD years-1977 (or1901) = 4q+r.

Then: Lunar date =14q+10.6 (r+1)+date ordinal of the year-29.5n.

(Note: Q, R and N in the formula are all natural numbers. R how to calculate the conversion formula between lunar calendar and solar calendar?

1, solar calendar date calculation method of lunar calendar date:

As mentioned above, the date of the lunar calendar is based on the full moon, and each new moon is the first day. The full moon is 15 (the 16th month) and the dark month is 29 (the 30th month).

If you want to know what June 8th is, 1984? We can use the formula to calculate the date of the lunar calendar: Suppose: the number of years-1977 (or1901) = 4q+r.

Then: lunar date =14q+10.6 (r+1)+date ordinal number of a year -29.5n (note: in the formula, q, r and n are all natural numbers, r >；;

How to calculate the lunar calendar? How many days are there in a year? Because the new moon is easier to observe than the tropic of cancer, almost all ancient calendars are lunar calendars. Because the earth's orbit around the sun is 365 days, and the lunar December is only about 354 days, the ancients solved this problem by adding leap months. The calendar of our country has been a kind of yin-yang calendar since ancient times. Because the first day of each month is a new moon and the fifteenth day is a full moon, it is easy to identify and use, so it is usually called the lunar calendar. Leaping month is a way of calendar leap. In Asia (especially in China), the lunar leap month refers to the month added in each leap year of the lunar calendar (in order to coordinate the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year and prevent the lunar year from being out of touch with the tropic year and the four seasons, 1 leap and 19 set 7 leap every two to three years). Sometimes, a leap month also refers to a month that includes a leap day in a leap year (especially in February of a leap year in the Gregorian calendar). Lunar leap month is a month that increases every leap year. In the lunar calendar, the length of the first lunar month (29.5306 days) is the average of one month, which is 65438+February in the whole year, which is about 10 and 2 1 hour different from the tropic year (365.2422 days), so it is leap in turn, one month in three years, two months in five years and seven months in nineteen years. A leap month is called "leap month" after a certain month. For example, the last leap month in 2009 is May (June 23rd, 2009-July 2nd, 20091), and the upcoming leap month of 20 12 is April (20 12).