Cang Shi old man, bitter iron spirit.

In ancient times, Sang Han Wei's Iron Ink Stone Mill showed that he was diligent in research. Wu Changshuo did have such an experience. Zhao Shinong once gave Wu Changshuo a homemade Yushan sandstone inkstone. With the passage of time, a small hole was born in the middle of the inkstone. Zhao Shinong brought a new inkstone, but Wu Changshuo said, "This inkstone has been with me for many years, and it can still be used to repair it." After being restored by Zhao Shinong, the inkstone was used by Wu Changshuo in his later years, and now it is displayed in Wu Changshuo Memorial Hall in Anji County.

Wu Changshuo was originally named Jun, also known as Xiangbu or Xiangyuan at the beginning, but changed to Changshuo after middle age. Also known as Cang Shuo, Cang Shi, alias Lao Lu, Lao Cang, Kutie, Shi Zun, Shi Gandang, Director of Broken Lotus Pavilion, Deaf, and Wuhu Beggar, it was not until the age of 69 that it was officially renamed Chang Shuo. Xiling printing agency, which is still the number one in the printing industry, was established in 19 13, and its address is near Xiling Bridge in West Lake, Hangzhou. More than 300 people attended the meeting. Wu Changshuo, 70, was promoted as the first headmaster. At that time, he wrote a couplet:

Printing is passive, reading is dull, and several cloth clothes have opened the Zhejiang school;

How dare a society grow up? Literacy is limited to Ding Yi, a farmer comes out of the field.

Wu Changshuo, born on August 1st in the 24th year of Qing Daoguang (1844), was born in Wucun, Anji County, Zhejiang Province. Grandfather Wu Yuan, Zeng Zhongju, is the author of Poems Living in Tianmu Mountain. Father's name is Xin Jia, the word xian, the number Ruchuan, the nickname. He was a juren in the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. He worked as a magistrate of a county, retired and returned to his hometown, and wrote "Half-day Village Poetry Draft". In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the war between Taiping Army and Qing government spread to wucun, and they fled and were displaced. They were dispersed by the mutinous soldiers. Wu Changshuo was alone, wandering for five years, and finally returned to his hometown which was already in ruins. In the war, he lost his wife, grandmother, mother and brothers and sisters, leaving only two people in his family of nine. He couldn't let go of the pain of family breakdown in his later years. Whenever he mentions it, he can't help crying. After the war, the father and son moved to Anji County and reclaimed half an acre of wasteland, which was called Wuhu Garden.

The title of Wuhu Garden Map reads: "What is Wuhu Garden? People in Wuhu Garden Period. In other words, this is enough, and the speech is ridiculous. " The green weeds, golden autumn chrysanthemums and crooked Lao Li in his works seem to be the source of memories in the orchard: "The old things were still in my house, and the green ones were all yellow and colorful. Quqiang also has ancient beautiful trees, empty mountains and white clouds. " Hulu was written by a 72-year-old man living in Shanghai, and it is also a nostalgia for his hometown. In Wuhu Garden, Wu Changshuo made friends with Zhu Zhengchu and Qian Tiemei, and they talked about poetry, painting and drinking together. Qian Tiemei once wrote a poem: "It's inappropriate for people to laugh hysterically if they loosen bamboo and prune old plum piles. The wineries are all complacent, and the three friends are cold and happy. " Comparing Wu Changshuo to a pine tree, Zhu Zhengchu to a bamboo tree and himself to an old Li is a vivid portrayal of their character, ambition and friendship. Wu Changshuo has the seal of "Three Friends Living in Wuhu Garden in Cold Years", with the name of "Qingwu Tingchang", and has paid for paintings and calligraphy many times. Wuhu Garden can be said to be the spiritual hometown of Wu Changshuo.

In A.D. 1872, Wu Changshuo said goodbye to his family and went down the river by boat to Hangzhou, the gate of Qu Yuan, to study epigraphy. Later, he went to Huzhou and worked as a teacher in Lu Xinyuan's Hidden Garden. Lu Xinyuan collected 200 books of the Song Dynasty and named his mansion "Song House". He also collected thousands of ancient bricks and built a pavilion called "Thousand Pavilions". At that time, Lu Xinyuan was compiling the Catalogue of Ancient Bricks in Qianfuge, and Wu Changshuo helped him organize, carry and copy them, thus witnessing Lu Xinyuan's rich collection of ancient bricks.

In painting, Wu Changshuo loves freehand brushwork, and admires generations such as Chen Chun, Xu Wei, Badashanren, Shi Tao, Yangzhou Baguai and Zhao, and has extensive contacts with all walks of life. "Cutting House for Seal" and "Recording Stone" recorded his contacts with 43 friends successively. From these teachers and friends, he learned something. Among them, Ren Bonian, Pu Hua, Yang Xian and Shen are the most influential.

When I first met Ren Bonian, Ren Bonian couldn't help admiring Wu Changshuo's unrestrained brushwork and said, "Even now, your pen and ink are better than mine." Wu Changshuo is four years younger than Ren Bonian. They are congenial and have been friends ever since. Ren Bonian said to him, "You might as well use the brush-writing grass as the stem, which can be changed and connected." After hearing this, Wu Changshuo tried several times, and finally "straight from calligraphy", forming a vigorous and simple freehand brushwork style.

Ren Bonian is good at portrait painting, and has painted many portraits for Wu Changshuo, such as The Long Statue of Wuqing Pavilion, Looking at the Sky with Hunger, Looking at Captain with Sour Cold, Shade of Banana and Shade of Returning to the Field, etc. The Shade of Brown Shades was written in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887). In the painting, there are several graceful palm trees, two books and a piano under them. Wu Changshuo sits on the floor, leaning against the piano, shirtless, holding a round fan, and moving freely. The Portrait of Captain Sour Cold was written in the 14th year of Guangxu (1888). At that time, Wu Changshuo was a small official in Suzhou county government. One day, Ren Bonian came and Wu Changshuo just came home from the county government. It is very interesting for Ren Bonian to see him dressed in official clothes. He wants to paint a portrait of him. Wu Changshuo, two people smile at one another. In the painting, Wu Changshuo surrendered because of the cold, and his face was sad. Wu Changshuo successively carved seals for Ren Bonian, such as "A Walker on the Shanyin Road", "Ren Gongzi", "Ren Monk" and "Ren Huatuo". 189 1 year, Ren Bonian wrote Su Xiaotu for Wu Dongmai, the son of Wu Changshuo. 1892, Wu Changshuo inscribed "Baoding Brick Ink Stone" collected by Ren Bonian. 1895 1 1, Ren Bonian died in Shanghai, Wu Changshuo heard about it and rushed to Shanghai. Wu Changshuo said gracefully:

Beifan people, Han Shi Sui mud to live forever;

There are two lines of tears in the west wind, and the water marks are blind.

In addition to Ren Bonian, Pu Hua also has a deep influence on Wu Changshuo. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, they collaborated on a painting of plum and bamboo, in which Wu Changshuo wrote plum and Pu Hua painted bamboo, Wu Changshuo wrote Old Friends, and Pu Hua wrote: "After death, I will leave ink and bamboo, and I will be a bosom friend before my death." Mei Zhu is a portrayal of himself. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), the "Painting and Calligraphy Society" was established in Shanghai. Wu Changshuo and Puhua are both founders, located in Deyue Building of Yuyuan Garden in the south of Shanghai. /kloc-more than 0/00 people joined the "painting and calligraphy club". The purpose of the charity is that after the paintings in the guild hall are sold, half of them will be given to the author and half will be donated to the charity to do some charitable acts, such as sending clothes and rice in winter and medicine in summer. It has become a well-known story that charity clubs have helped many areas suffering from floods and droughts.

As early as in the dive garden, Wu Changshuo admired Yang Xian's calligraphy knowledge and wanted to worship Yang Xian as a teacher, but Yang Xian politely declined, saying, "Master and apprentice respect each other, and brothers are especially close. It's a deal, and the white head is as good as new. " I am willing to be brothers and learn from each other. Despite yang xian's repeated self-effacing, Wu Changshuo always respected him as a teacher, calling himself "Yu Yongzhai's old protege".

Shen likes to collect, and it is best to use an inkstone. When Wu Changshuo was in trouble, Shen generously helped him and had many contacts in poetry. Wu Changshuo repeatedly asked Shen to change his poems. When there are too many painters to cope with, they write poems for him. Wu Changshuo once painted bamboo shoots as a gift, "writing bamboo shoots to send them to the public week", because Shen often sent Xiangshan bamboo shoots to Yushu Mountain in Changshu, and because Wu Changshuo was addicted to bamboo shoots.

1894, the Sino-Japanese War broke out. Wu Changshuo joined Wu Dacheng's Xiang Army, took part in the glory curtain, and went to the national disaster, but ended in the collapse of Beiyang Navy. This military career has become a generous and sad song that can never be erased. Wu Dacheng and he used to be good friends. In Suzhou, Wu Changshuo has always been an important member of Wu Dacheng Longmen Society and Yiyuan Painting Society.

1899, Wu Changshuo was appointed as the county magistrate of Anton County (now Lianshui, Jiangsu Province) of Huai 'an Prefecture through Ding Baoyuan. But only one month after taking office, he saw the corruption of officialdom and the interlacing of personnel, and left. Today, there is still a "Changshuo" well in front of the former site of Lianshui county government, which was dug by Wu Changshuo at that time. It turns out that Anton County is located in the Huaihe River basin, and the land has a high salt content, so crops can't grow, so drinking water has to be taken far away from the city. The excavation of this well can be said to alleviate the urgent needs of residents.

Wu Changshuo did not retire after his resignation, but came to Shili Yangchang Shanghai, where he spent his whole life in painting and calligraphy. Since the opening of Shanghai, the city's industry and commerce have developed rapidly, and the economic prosperity has brought about an upsurge of literature and art, and many well-known painters and painters have gathered. Wu Changshuo's poems, books, paintings and seals are all exquisite, and his paintings are all written with brush. They come from three generations of Ding Yi, Qin and Han seals, inscriptions and ancient pottery tiles. They are vast in Gu Zhuo, cold and strange, thick and powerful, magnificent, sweeping away the beautiful and elegant painting style of the late Qing Dynasty painting world. Jinshi's freehand flower-and-bird painting, with Wu Changshuo as its peak, began in Zhao. The plum blossom he painted is "the bosom friend of Man Mei on the bitter railway". He said: "Painting red plums should have an ancient and desolate interest, otherwise it will be different from Yao Tao?" Painting stone is a portrayal of spirit, and bamboo, pine, orchid, lotus, chrysanthemum, fruits and vegetables are all the sustenance of personality. Wu Changshuo's "Painting a Lotus Long Fu Sentence for a Noble Person" has a saying: "Mo Chi is hazy in autumn, but the bitter iron painting is empty and does not draw a shape. People say that paintings are like bitter gourd and screens are hung on the walls. " Draw gas without drawing shape, draw majestic momentum. He said to himself, "People say I am good at painting. In fact, my calligraphy is better than painting, and epigraphy is better than calligraphy. " His poems, books, paintings and seals are in one furnace, unique and superb. It can be said that "calligraphers have no paintings, painters have no books, poets have no seals, and Indians have no poems". Although there are many talents in Shanghai, none of them can surpass Wu Changshuo, thus becoming the leader of Shanghai School of Painting.

When Wu Changshuo was about 70 years old, his fame was in full swing, and his successors were Wang Yiting, Zhao Yunhe, Zhu, and so on. He also influenced modern masters such as Qi Baishi, Pan Tianshou and Zhu Qizhan. As a link between the past and the future, he is the most prosperous painting school when traditional literati painting entered the modern era. After him, it is difficult to find such a huge and superb school of painting. Qi Baishi said in a poem: "The green vine is far from embryo, and the old man has no talent." I want Jiuyuan to be a running dog, and the three families will get the next round. "Compared with Xu Wei and Badashanren, he obviously admires him. There is a saying in Wu Changshuo's "Title Orchid": "The wind leaves and rain flowers are written at will, and the tide of Shenjiang River looks at the moon. "He himself is like a bright moon in Jiang Shen in spring, shining on modern painting.