What does castration mean in fortune telling?

Yes,

Corruption, also called castration, is one of the five punishments in ancient China, and it is also one of the most cruel punishments. The executioner gouged out the testicles of the punished man with a knife, which also destroyed the reproductive function of the punished woman. In short, this is a punishment that is extremely humiliating.

First, what is castration?

"Palace", that is, "the husband cuts off his power and the woman talks about the palace", is a kind of corporal punishment that castrates male genitals and destroys female reproductive function. Palace punishment is also called silkworm house punishment, corruption punishment, yin punishment and hanging punishment. These different names all reflect the cruelty of this punishment. The so-called silkworm house was explained by Yan Shigu in the Tang Dynasty: "Anyone who raises silkworms wants to grow early, so it is a silkworm house, and animals will set fire to it. The new greed punishment also suffers from a stroke, and it must enter the secret room (probably the earliest concept of aseptic room), so it can be completed, because it is called the silkworm room ear. " In other words, after castration, most people are easily infected with a stroke because of the wound. If they want to survive, they must stay in a secret room like a silkworm room and squat for hundreds of days in an environment without wind and sunshine before the wound can heal. Castration is also called corruption, because, for the victim, it is not only physical pain, but also spiritual humiliation. From then on, it was like a rotten tree, but it could not bear fruit with a stick. Castration, also known as yin punishment, refers to the punishment of men or women in the vulva. Well-known punishments can be found in Lu Punishment. According to Shuowen, "punishment" means beating with a stick. According to Ma Guohan's Tong Geng Tie, there was a method in ancient times to know how to beat a woman's lower body with a wooden stick and destroy her reproductive function.

Second, the origin of castration

Castration has a long history in China. There are several references to five punishments and castration in Shangshu, for example, there is a saying that "five punishments are offered" in Yaodian. Among the Zhou Ding inscriptions unearthed today, there is "Guanzhong Fuding", which reads: "Guanzhong Fuding will be used by future generations forever." "Lu Shangshu's travels" has the saying that "the palace is suspicious, and Lu's travels punish 600 people and convict them"; Another cloud said, "The first adultery was' Oh, good' (that is, palace) and' blessing'. And cloud "five punishments in Shundian, palace. "Shen Zi Shu" has: "If you are afraid of five punishments, you must take Abby as your palace." "Zhou Li" said, "The Summer Palace is 500 yuan. "Judging from the above records, it is generally believed that castration appeared at least before Xia. In the Zhou Dynasty, castrated people were called "temple people". The word "temple" consists of two words: "scholar" and "inch" In ancient times, "scholar" was an ideographic character of male genitalia. In history books, "scholar" was male and "scholar" was male and female. " Inch is like holding a knife in one hand, and the combination of "yes" and "inch" means cutting off the male genitals with a knife. Male castration is generally understood as the penis being cut off by roots, but according to ancient records, there are also people who destroy scrotum and testicles. For example, the book "Yun Hui" says: "The external kidney is the potential, and the eunuch cuts the potential. "External kidney refers to scrotum and testis. If it is destroyed, people's gonads will no longer develop, and the penis will not be able to erect, thus losing sexual ability.

Third, the purpose of castration

According to textual research, the initial function of castration is to punish improper sexual relations between men and women, that is, "a woman shall not leave the palace for adultery;" If a husband commits adultery, it will cut off his potential. "The Book of Resurrection goes further:" Men and women who do not take righteousness as their friends will be punished. "It can be inferred that castration occurs after monogamy, otherwise there will be no punishment for unfair sexual relations between men and women. And judging from the arrangement of the five punishments, castration is the heaviest corporal punishment, second only to beheading. Obviously, the influence of primitive people on genital worship still existed in people's minds at that time, and the value of genitals was second only to that of the head. The legendary Yao-Shun period was roughly a period of transition from patriarchal society to class society in China. Monogamy was gradually established, and it was entirely possible that castration began at that time.

The initial function of castration was only to punish the improper relationship between men and women, which was realistic when the human marriage system had just entered the threshold of civilization. However, under the brutal rule of the slave-owning class and feudal rulers, the scope of castration has been expanded to the point where it has nothing to do with the original intention and has become a harsh means to suppress civilians and dissidents. When did this expansion begin? There is no clear record in history, but by the late Zhou Muwang, the crime of "five hundred palaces" had been stipulated. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were quite a few charges of imprisonment, and the targets of punishment were slaves and ordinary civilians. As for the slave owners and nobles, it is "no sin in public, no truancy." "Don't cut off its kind" means that their descendants will never be cut off. Even if the slave owners and nobles committed the crime of palace, they would only serve the penalty, that is, the prisoners shaved their heads and locked their necks to serve hard labor. "Those who do this, they will be a family with the king." It can be seen that the ancient punishment has a distinct class nature. The scope of application of castration is more and more extensive in later generations. For example, in Liezi Fu Shuo in the Warring States Period, it was reported that the king of Qin had been advised to govern the country with benevolence and righteousness, and he was sentenced to imprisonment on the charge of "governing the country with benevolence and righteousness, then he would die", indicating that feudal rulers sentenced people to imprisonment on the charge of endangering the country. According to Records of the Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, when Qin Shihuang built Epang Palace and Mount Li, he imprisoned more than 700,000 people for hard labor. The "hidden palace" here refers to castration, and there must be many imprisoned people among these more than 700 thousand people.

Fourth, the development of castration.

The Qin dynasty soon perished due to the brutal rule, and the Han dynasty that followed was not much better in essence. Castration was more common in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Jing stipulated that some death sentences could be replaced by castration. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was cruel by nature. During his reign, Sima Qian, Zhang He, Li Yannian and others were among the castrated record ministers. Sima Qian told the truth when Emperor Wu of Han asked for advice and defended Li Ling's surrender to Xiongnu. "Move up to be a fake waste, try to keep the second division, lobby for the mausoleum, and move down to be greedy", and be sentenced to castration; Zhang He was lucky enough to keep the prince, and the prince was defeated. Zhang He was also imprisoned. Zhao Di, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, also issued a decree: "Those who put all their eggs in one basket conspire to raise silkworm houses", which legally expanded the scope of castration. Ministers and officials who violate the will of the supreme ruler will be tortured, and more ordinary people will be ravaged by this torture. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, castration was still practiced. Especially in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the execution of castration was more clearly defined. According to the rule of Tongzhi for 16 years, anyone who commits "great transgression" will be beheaded, his compatriots will be punished, and those under the age of 14 will be punished. Therefore, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, castration was generally used for the descendants of people who were considered rebellious. For example, Wei Shu was imprisoned in Pingji in 1994, because his father rebelled with the monks and was implicated. The prisoner's crime is slightly inferior to the death penalty, and even if he is pardoned, he is sent to the government as a slave. For example, the rulers at the end of the Northern Qi Dynasty used to show mercy to the imprisoned people, and generally they were exempt from being official slaves.

Judging from the above history, although castration has expanded its scope of implementation, although it is not only a cruel means to punish improper sexual relations between men and women as a means of suppressing rebels, it still has a certain connection with sex, that is, it makes the prisoners lose their sexual ability and thus lose their children and grandchildren. This is indeed very harsh in a feudal society that attaches great importance to children and future generations! The purpose of castration is to destroy the victim's body and mind. The victim is humiliated for life, and life is worse than death. Sima Qian is a strong-willed and ambitious man, but whenever he thinks of the shame of being imprisoned, he still sweats and wants to "commit suicide" and doesn't want to live any longer. The use of this kind of torture cannot but arouse the opposition of some upright people in history. Celebrities such as Chen Zhong and Kong Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wang Lang in the Three Kingdoms and Wei all advocated the abolition of cruel corporal punishment such as castration. But there are also some people who are obsessed with castration according to the will of the supreme ruler, such as Zhong You and Chen Qun, who were contemporary with Kong Rong and Wang Lang. Although castration was officially abolished when the Sui Dynasty opened the emperor, it was not seen in the criminal system of later generations, but until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some emperors and some nobles still practiced it at will.

For example, An Lushan in the Tang Dynasty castrated a man named pig, and he bled for several liters and almost died. Later, An Lushan was also hacked by pigs. "At the beginning, the pig head married a teenager of Dan tribe (An) Lushan, and it was very shrewd. Lushan mountain is holding the blade to the potential, bleeding for several liters, wanting to die, Lushan mountain is raised in the ash fire, and the sun is exhausted. Because of the eunuchs, Lushan is quite fond of them, and the most important thing is the credit. Lushan Mountain has grown taller (with a fat weight of 330 Jin). Every time he wears a belt, three or four people help him. The two men lifted their bellies and put the pig on their heads before they took a nepotism and a belt. Xuanzong spoiled Lushan Mountain, gave Huaqing Palace a soup bath, and asked pigs and others to help untie their clothes. See you at last, pig. " For another example, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, stipulated many strict laws in his great coat, among which castration was the content of slavery. In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Qinshen Temple was built in Nanjing Palace. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious because relevant officials mistook intermediate craftsmen for first-class craftsmen and even castrated all these more than 2,000 craftsmen. Fortunately, some people tried their best to stop it, which saved these craftsmen from tragic accidents. But it can also be seen that the feudal rulers used castration at will. In the Ming Dynasty, not only the imperial court used castration, but also some senior generals abused their power. According to "Wanli Night Fire", when Ming Yingzong was fighting in a certain place, the folk children were castrated and enslaved, but Ming Yingzong did not intervene after knowing this. This shows that this practice was allowed at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a so-called "boudoir punishment", that is, some torture that was not clearly listed in the criminal system, and it was inevitable that there was no castration.

Five, castration surgery

The castration process is quite cruel, and the castrated person will be in a coma for a long time because of excessive blood loss or too much pain. The measure to stop bleeding and diminish inflammation is also very simple, that is, "treat with ash and fire". The second is to cut the scrotum with a sharp knife and peel off the testicles. Obviously, this method of castration does not need to completely remove the reproductive organs, but it can also achieve the goal. Hong Mai recorded this method in Volume 8 of Jian Yizhi. According to another record, there were so-called "binding method" and "kneading method" in ancient times. The former is that when a boy is young, he is tied to death with hemp rope from the root of the "testicle" of the genitals. Although it does not affect urination, it hinders the normal development of genitals. Over time, the boy's genitals will lose their function. The latter was when the boy was young, and a man who knew this way gently pinched his testicles every day. After getting used to it, he will increase the strength of his hands until his testicles are crushed. However, if the testicles are cut off or crushed, if they have developed, although insemination can be completely avoided, their sexual desire and ability to fornicate with the court will still exist for a certain period of time, and some people will even be stronger and more lasting. Therefore, eunuchs in ancient times all cut off their genitals by "doing everything possible".

Under the condition that the ancient medical technology was relatively backward, the castration mortality rate was quite high. During the Tianshun period of the Ming Dynasty, Ruanrang, the eunuch guarding Huguang and Guizhou, selected 1565 captured Miao children at one time, castrated them all and prepared to hand them over to the court. However, due to the cruel operation and poor medical technology, 329 young children died of pain and disease in a short time from Ruan Rang's castration to the trial. Later, Ruan rang bought a group of young children and castrated them to make up for the death toll and presented them to the court. Young children were castrated 1894 before and after Ruan rang, and the mortality rate was close to 20%. Such a large number of deaths are obviously related to the failure of castration or postoperative complications.

Ancient books in past dynasties generally record the specific situation of castration. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, some Europeans who came to China became interested in the palace culture of China, which was different from the West, and described the castration operation in detail. However, these descriptions are mostly hearsay, far less detailed than the memories of court eunuchs based on personal experiences in the late Qing Dynasty, and their credibility is also questionable. According to the memory of eunuchs in the late Qing Dynasty, there are two famous palace families in Beijing, which are called "factories": one is Gaby, the accounting department of Nanchang Street; The other is "Xiao Dao Liu" in brick hutong outside Di 'anmen. Hosted by family heirlooms recognized by the imperial court, they are called "Knife Makers". It is said that these two families have their own unique skills, but their skills have never been exposed, just passed down from generation to generation.

Cleanliness needs to choose the right season, preferably late spring and early summer. The temperature is not high or low, and there are no flies and mosquitoes, because the lower body can't wear clothes for about a month after surgery. Before the operation, people who clean themselves need to go through the necessary procedures, the key of which is to conclude a life and death document, and invite three seniors and four schoolmates as referees to declare their willingness to clean themselves, regardless of life and death, so as to avoid future troubles and lawsuits. Of course, there is a charge, but most of the clean bodies are from poor families, and they may not get a lot of money for a while, and then make friends year after year after they get rich in the palace. These also need to be clearly written in the document. But there are two things you must bring. One is a gift for the knife maker, usually a pig's head or chicken, plus a bottle of wine. Second, the items used in the operation include 30 kilograms of rice, several baskets of corn cob, several loads of sesame stalks and half a knife of enough paper. Among them, rice is a month's ration for clean people, corn cobs are used for heating, sesame stalks are burned to ashes and then put on the kang, and window paper is used to paste the windows to avoid catching the wind after the operation. Knife maker should prepare two fresh pig gall, stinky hemp soup and straw. Pig bile has the function of reducing swelling and relieving pain, and is applied to the wound after operation; Smelly hemp soup has many functions. Drinking a bowl before operation is confusing and plays an anesthetic role. Drinking after operation can make the operator diarrhea, thus reducing the urine excretion and ensuring the success of the operation. The function of straw is self-evident, that is, it is inserted into urethra after operation.

During the operation, in addition to the surgeon, three or four assistants are generally needed. Castrated people need to lie on their backs in a semi-recumbent position. Several assistants tied and fixed his lower abdomen and upper thigh with white cloth, and then someone was responsible for holding down his waist and abdomen, while others cleaned and disinfected the castrated part with "Chili soup". The scalpel for castration is a sickle-shaped curved sharp blade. It is said that it is made of gold and copper alloy, which can prevent postoperative infection. However, there is usually no special disinfection measures when using it. It is sterilized by baking on a fire. After all this is done, the surgeon cuts off the castrated penis and scrotum with a sickle-shaped curved blade, usually in two steps:

The first step is to cut the testicles. Cut a deep hole in the left and right sides of the balloon, cut the tendon and squeeze out the testicles. This requires the eunuch to straighten his body and bulge his stomach. The testicles will be squeezed out with all their strength, and the knife maker will stick a pig gall on the left and right sides of the balloon.

Step two, cut the penis. This requires quite high technology. If you cut it shallow, you will leave more potential. In the future, the fragile bones inside will bulge out, so we must make up the second knife, which is commonly known as "brushing stubble" in the palace. If cut deeply, it will collapse after healing in the future, forming a pit shape, and it will be fan-shaped when urinating, which will make life inconvenient. Nine out of ten eunuchs in the palace have the problem of urine crotch, which is the sequela of castration. After the penis is cut off, a barley straw should be inserted, and the other pig gall should be split and applied to the wound in a butterfly shape. It is said that some people also insert a suppository-shaped pewter needle into the urethra and cover the wound with paper soaked in cold water. This is probably the technical difference between different cleaning sites.

After the operation, the castrated person must walk indoors for two to three hours with the help of one person, and then he can rest on his back. Three days after the operation is the hardest time for the castration. During these three days, they were lying on the special door panel, their hands and legs were firmly tied by locks, and they could not move at all. The main purpose is to avoid contact with the wound to avoid infection. There is also a small hole with a trap in the middle of the door panel to facilitate defecation. At that time, there was no good analgesic and anti-inflammatory means. In order to avoid wound infection, it is forbidden to drink water, which is an abnormal pain. After three days, you can urinate by pulling out the gray needle or straw, and the operation is successful. However, the suffering is not over yet, and the most important thing is to pat your legs. Every time you slap, your heart is broken, your liver is broken, and your whole body is shaking, but castration is necessary, otherwise it may lead to rickets, and you can't stand up straight all your life, so you can only endure this severe pain. The aftercare period will take about 100 days.

Every castrated man has experienced painful torture without exception. This process is so cruel and painful that castrated people will remember it all their lives. Ma Deqing, a eunuch in the late Qing Dynasty, recalled in his later years:

At that time, there were no anesthetics, no needles, no hemostatic drugs, etc ... How painful it would be for a lively child to press there and cut his deadly organs off him! One pulse leads to the heart, and I almost jumped out of my mouth ... After the operation, I need to insert a tube in my urethra, otherwise the granulation will die, and I can't pee, so I have to have a second operation. Later, people who know this method said that after cutting that thing, the wound can't scar quickly ... so change the medicine frequently. Honestly, where is medicine? It's just cotton paper coated with Bai La, sesame oil and pepper. It hurts like hell every time I change my dressing.

The cut penis is called a "treasure". Under normal circumstances, the knife maker does hide it like a "treasure", but the washed person has no right to retrieve it. After knife processing, "Bao" will usually be put into "Sheng", wrapped in red cloth and carefully placed in a high place indoors, which means promoting to a higher position and making a fortune, so as to wish honest people good luck in the future and promotion step by step. When the pure man becomes rich and redeems his "treasure", the knife maker can take the opportunity to measure the money and ask for it. Redemption of one's own property was called "the return of flesh and blood" by eunuchs. For them, this is the biggest happy event in their lives, and the ceremony is very grand, just like marrying a bride. There are also cases in which the family members of the clean body are preserved. In the past, the poor families in rural areas were nothing more than beams, so they were hung on beams and raised every year to wish their children a "step by step promotion" in the palace.

There are three reasons for keeping the "treasure": First, check the eunuch when he is promoted to prove his identity, which is usually called "treasure"; Second, after the death of eunuchs in the future, they should put the "treasure" in a coffin and bury it together, because eunuchs hope to restore the true colors to men when they go to another world or are reincarnated; Thirdly, in the tradition of China, there is a concept that parents are deeply influenced by their bodies. Eunuchs, as survivors of punishment, are unfilial, and they are even more unfilial because they cannot carry on the family line. Therefore, it is also a kind of psychological compensation to keep the "treasure" and bury it with the coffin after death.

In particular, it should be pointed out that although castration is a necessary prerequisite for becoming a eunuch, not everyone who has been castrated can successfully enter the DPRK, and there have been strict selection systems and procedures throughout the dynasties. However, regardless of whether he entered the imperial court or not, the castrated person began a completely different life. Because of this, they generally believe that all the joys and sorrows of life begin from the date of castration, which becomes their new birthday, and the future fortune-telling is also based on heavenly stems and earthly branches, who was castrated.

Yue Buqun's Sword of Leaving Palace is probably the highest skill of classical castration, and that little blood is nothing but a small hole. There is also Xia Zi's magic qi guarding inside, not to mention worrying about infection. But modern castration is more humane and scientific. It is said that Norway, Denmark and other countries have so-called "chemical castration", which is designed for those who are mad and sincerely repent, and castrate their sexual desire by chemical means. Keeping its shape and removing its spirit is the highest realm of castration.

Six, female castration

Female castration is called "claustrophobia", which is a little-known "technology"! Wang Fuzhi's Xiao Zhi Lu said: "It is said that men are castrated and women are claustrophobic, and they don't know the meaning of claustrophobia." Lu Xun said in "Miscellaneous Talks after Illness" that for this punishment, "few people mentioned that method, but in short, it was by no means to lock her up and sew her up. I seem to have discovered something recently, and I have to be surprised by the ferocity, appropriateness and anatomy of that method. " Lu Xun did not elaborate on "claustrophobia". I don't think it's because he is a suspense, but because he can't bear or really feel ashamed of the "great invention" of his ancestors. In the Qing Dynasty, Chu people were awarded Jianxuan Collection, and there was a sentence "Women are claustrophobic" in Volume 4. The author quotes a passage from Wang's Talking about Jieshi's Legacy in Ming Dynasty, and interprets "claustrophobia" as hitting a woman's chest and abdomen with a mallet, that is, something falls to cover her door, so that she can only urinate, and human nature will be abandoned forever. Have claustrophobia. Today, some women are gloomy, some things are closed, and even exposed, called a gourd, which is different from her husband for life. "King" claims that this explanation comes from "Xu Gong outside the punishments", which is probably credible. It can be seen that "claustrophobia" is a kind of artificial uterine prolapse and the torture of destroying female reproductive organs. In addition, there is "claustrophobia" in lynching. According to Jian Xuan Ji, which was obtained by Chu people, many jealous women abused their handmaids and concubines, "mashed garlic in the shade and sewed it with a rope", or "locked it with an awl and abandoned the key in the well" and so on. It can be seen that this kind of torture is not only used in the imperial court, but also in the homes of officials and gentry, and it is widespread. It is worth noting that the earliest record of "claustrophobia" can be found in "Ming Xun of Shangshu". From the Zhou and Qin Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there will never be fewer women who died of this punishment (no one left a name like Sima Qian). The ancients also thought it was torture after death (see The Biography of Hanshu Kong Anguo). Therefore, Wang Fuzhi said: "It is not feasible to use it at the beginning of the country because women often die." Probably because of this, this punishment was gradually abolished.

Seven, the idea of castration

At first, castration was used to tame slaves and prisoners, and later it was mainly used to punish and prevent "sexual crimes". The emperor had many concubines (although the number of concubines of the Zhou emperor was less than 72 in later generations). But according to Zhou Li, he still has twelve wives. Reminiscent of today's monogamous society, some people have racked their brains to invent chastity underwear. It is not difficult for us to understand the fear of a normal man with twelve wives. It's hard to guarantee that none of them want to cheat. Send some slaves to serve and monitor them. It's hard to guarantee that none of them want to steal from it. Since I'm not sure, I don't want to be a cuckold. We can only castrate the slaves one by one according to the principle of "killing thousands of people by mistake rather than letting one go". Make it a eunuch who can't pose a threat to the sexual monopoly of emperors' harem. At this point, castration became a tool for eunuchs to prevent harem sexual crimes, rather than a punishment for punitive crimes. Even if it occasionally appears as punishment, it is no longer used to punish physical fornication. For example, Sima Qian's imprisonment was by no means because of his promiscuity with men and women, which affected the harem. But because he is inconsistent with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in thought and contradictory with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in speech. As for why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't use punishments such as flogging and cutting off Sima Qian's tongue (some people did, and even sublimated to cut his throat during the Cultural Revolution), it was probably because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided that Sima Qian's behavior was a kind of "obscenity" to his political rule. Since it is "promiscuity", it is natural to be castrated. Ideological obscenity has always been hated by emperors of all ages. Unlike ordinary sex crimes, you can catch a woman in bed and confiscate her tools once and for all. It is a kind of ideological crime, which is extremely concealed, hard to prevent and easy to spread. The threat to rule is extremely deadly. Therefore, it has become the most troublesome thing for rulers of past dynasties. It is easy for the emperor to restrain people's behavior, but it is difficult to restrain people's thoughts. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's castration of Sima Qian's body was an attempt to curb his thoughts, but the effect was not satisfactory. This attempt was actually made by Qin Shihuang, but the effect of burning books and burying Confucianism was not good. The eternal empire ended after only two generations. Perhaps Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty realized that physical castration had no effect on ideological criminals. And turned to ideological castration. The castration theories such as "the divine right of monarch" and "respecting Confucianism alone, deposing a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" meet the needs of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. It also met the needs of later emperors. Just before the Song Dynasty, this kind of castration was not mature. After the Song Dynasty, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism evolved Confucianism into Confucianism. It has become a sharp knife to castrate the national blood. Scholars bear the brunt, and the more knowledge they have, the more thoroughly they are castrated. The imperial examination system became an accomplice to this ideological castration. All literati who want to enter the official forest have to "swing their swords from the palace to seek magical powers." People who have been mentally castrated, whether passive or active, are no different from castrated cows. I know nothing but eating grass and working. I don't even have to tie up to kill people. Moreover, people are worse than cattle. Before being killed, most of them knelt on the ground and said thank you for your kindness, and then they either took poison, committed suicide or hanged themselves. Not only civil servants, but also military commanders. "If you want me to die, I have to die" is like a spell on their heads. More seriously, the whole nation has been castrated by this ideology, leaving only the numbness of human nature. This also directly led to the downfall of the Han regime by Mongolian cavalry with less than 130 thousand troops from beginning to end. When the Qing Dynasty perished, the Manchu army was only150,000. Before that, it had never been completely annexed by another race. However, Mongolian rulers did not realize the beneficial help of the imperial examination system to their rule and abolished the imperial examination. The Han people gradually recovered some national character. Finally, under the leadership of an inexperienced monk, the Han regime was restored. The imperial examination system was restored in the Ming dynasty, and the Han nationality relapsed. It is said that a dozen pirates can go deep into the hinterland of the mainland and fight without resistance around Nanjing. This reminds me of the Nanjing Massacre during the Anti-Japanese War. Those who are slaughtered are often expressionless, waiting in line to be killed in batches, but there are few rebels. The numbness of human nature and the loss of martial spirit have proved the success of Zhu Cheng's neo-Confucianism in castrating the nation. However, its role in stabilizing society and ruling is far less than its disastrous consequences. Although human desire has a bad side, it is also the driving force to promote the progress of human civilization. It is with the disappearance of human desire that the spirit of the Han nationality has disappeared. Since then, the Han nationality no longer has its early glory. Only in the afterglow of the sunset can I find my self-esteem from that pile of old paper.

The era of a hundred schools of thought contending is the golden age of the Chinese nation and the most vigorous era of the Chinese nation. China people's thoughts and academics are full of flowers and their imaginations are rich. It can be said that the rainbow is full of fresh spirituality and rich life everywhere. However, since being castrated by thought, the light has been dim since then! Over the past two thousand years, 90% of China people's academic and ideological works are re-studies of a limited number of classic ancient books. Almost all the so-called scholars, experts and thinkers are annotating those books, and even doing textual research for a certain sentence and a certain word, copying each other and quoting each other, accumulating into a sea of smoke, and finally becoming poor. However, since then, China people's thoughts have been unified, and heaven and man have become one, closely United around the sky, and United as one, thus achieving the Great Wall of Thought. Any heresy that wants to create a little rebellion is tantamount to throwing eggs at a stone.

Physical castration died with the demise of the Qing Dynasty, but ideological castration did not die with it. Until now, what our education can produce can only be groups of ideological eunuchs who have been castrated.