The background of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

Liu Che (BC 156-87), the seventh son of Han Dynasty, was a great statesman, strategist, poet and national hero in ancient China. Liu Che is the tenth son of Liu Qi, the grandson of Liu Heng of Emperor Taizong and the great-grandson of Liu Bang of Emperor Taizong. He was crowned Crown Prince at the age of seven, and acceded to the throne at the age of 16. Fifty-four years in office (BC 14 1-87). During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he broke the Huns, annexed Korea, and went to the Western Regions. Respecting Confucianism alone, creating a title. He opened up the largest territory of the Han Dynasty and made brilliant achievements. In 87 BC, Liu Che died in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70 and was buried in Maoling, a "filial piety" in posthumous title.

Liu Che was born in July 14 BC 157 BC, and acceded to the throne on June 30th, seven years after Emperor Xiaowen of the lunar calendar, and in March, 2 1 year BC. Wang Yi, her mother, married into the Jin family before entering the palace and had a daughter. Liu Che's grandmother listened to the fortune-teller, took her away from the Kim family and went to see the Crown Prince, the later emperor Han Jing. Liu Che became king of Jiaodong at the age of 4, prince at the age of 7, and ascended the throne at the age of 16. He reigned for 54 years (65,438+0,465,438+0, March 29, 87 BC) and died on March 29, 87 BC (Ding Mao Day, February 14, 2000).

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty initiated the most prosperous period of the Western Han Dynasty, and it was also the first development peak of the feudal dynasty in China. His great talent and literary skills made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he also became one of the great emperors in the history of China. In addition, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in China to use the title of the year.

During his reign, he used the following titles: Jianyuan, Yuanguang, Yuanshuo, Yuanshou, Ding Yuan, Yuanfeng, Taichu, Tianhan, Taishi, Zhenghe and Hou Yuan. Stone "Xiao Wu" was buried in Maoling. Hanshu's evaluation is "outstanding people and outstanding spirits", and the "posthumous law" says "great strength and sharp virtue", that is to say, he is dignified, strong and wise, and benevolent people call it martial arts. In China's history books, "Qin Huang Wu Han" is often associated. Today, when we look at his history, we can't deny that he is an outstanding and special figure. His achievements had a far-reaching impact on the historical process of China and the development of the Western Han Dynasty.

At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he continued the policy of keeping in good health and helping the people that his father had carried out before his death, further weakened the power of the vassals, and promulgated the award decree proposed by Minister Zhu, which promoted the vassal's enfeoffment of scholars by the legal system and forced the vassal's fief to shrink itself. At the same time, he set up a secretariat to supervise local governments. Strengthen centralization, organize private businesses such as iron smelting, salt boiling and wine making into central management, prohibit vassal States from casting money, and centralize financial power in the central government. Ideologically, adopting Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" paved the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. Of course, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was no lack of rule of law in the Han Dynasty. While promoting Confucianism, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consolidated the authority of the government and showed the status of imperial power through laws and regulations and criminal law. Therefore, sinologists believe that this should be a system in which Confucianism is the mainstay, law is the supplement, and Confucianism is outside the law. Through a series of economic development and people's livelihood policies, such as preaching Confucianism and Taoism to the general public to show the government's softness, and imposing harsh criminal laws on the government through the rule of cultural scenery to restrain the ministers' recuperation, the national strength of the Western Han Dynasty has developed vigorously. While inheriting these policies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty actively prepared to develop military forces.

After he ascended the throne, he first put down the turmoil in southern Fujian and Vietnam. After that, we began to use military means, not humiliating pro-policies, to completely solve the threat of Xiongnu in the north. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns on a large scale three times, taking over the Hetao area, seizing the Hexi Corridor, opening up the western regions, sealing wolves in Xu Xu, and pushing the northern territory of the Han Dynasty from the Great Wall to Yinshan or even beyond.

At the same time of the Xiongnu War, we adopted peaceful and military means to bring western countries to heel. Wang Ting, the Xiongnu, moved to Mobei after losing the fertile and lush desert southern region, and never recovered, which basically solved the Xiongnu's threat to the Central Plains since the early Western Han Dynasty and laid the foundation for the later inclusion of the Western Regions in the Chinese territory. Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and the Silk Road began.

The Spring Festival began at the beginning of the calendar change and was corrected by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Liu Che (BC 156-87), the seventh son of Han Dynasty, was a great statesman, strategist, poet and national hero in ancient China. Liu Che is the tenth son of Liu Qi, the grandson of Liu Heng of Emperor Taizong and the great-grandson of Liu Bang of Emperor Taizong. He was crowned Crown Prince at the age of seven, and acceded to the throne at the age of 16. Fifty-four years in office (BC 14 1-87). During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he broke the Huns, annexed Korea, and went to the Western Regions. Respecting Confucianism alone, creating a title. He opened up the largest territory of the Han Dynasty and made brilliant achievements. In 87 BC, Liu Che died in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70 and was buried in Maoling, a "filial piety" in posthumous title.

Liu Che was born in July 14 BC 157 BC, and acceded to the throne on June 30th, seven years after Emperor Xiaowen of the lunar calendar, and in March, 2 1 year BC. Wang Yi, her mother, married into the Jin family before entering the palace and had a daughter. Liu Che's grandmother listened to the fortune-teller, took her away from the Kim family and went to see the Crown Prince, the later emperor Han Jing. Liu Che became king of Jiaodong at the age of 4, prince at the age of 7, and ascended the throne at the age of 16. He reigned for 54 years (65,438+0,465,438+0, March 29, 87 BC) and died on March 29, 87 BC (Ding Mao Day, February 14, 2000). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty initiated the most prosperous period of the Western Han Dynasty, and it was also the first development peak of the feudal dynasty in China. His great talent and literary skills made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he also became one of the great emperors in the history of China. In addition, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in China to use the title of the year. During his reign, he used the following titles: Jianyuan, Yuanguang, Yuanshuo, Yuanshou, Ding Yuan, Yuanfeng, Taichu, Tianhan, Taishi, Zhenghe and Hou Yuan. Stone "Xiao Wu" was buried in Maoling. Hanshu's evaluation is "outstanding people and outstanding spirits", and the "posthumous law" says "great strength and sharp virtue", that is to say, he is dignified, strong and wise, and benevolent people call it martial arts. In China's history books, "Qin Huang Wu Han" is often associated. Today, when we look at his history, we can't deny that he is an outstanding and special figure. His achievements had a far-reaching impact on the historical process of China and the development of the Western Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he continued the policy of keeping in good health and helping the people that his father had carried out before his death, further weakened the power of the vassals, and promulgated the award decree proposed by Minister Zhu, which promoted the vassal's enfeoffment of scholars by the legal system and forced the vassal's fief to shrink itself. At the same time, he set up a secretariat to supervise local governments. Strengthen centralization, organize private businesses such as iron smelting, salt boiling and wine making into central management, prohibit vassal States from casting money, and centralize financial power in the central government. Ideologically, adopting Dong Zhongshu's suggestion of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" paved the way for the special position of Confucianism in ancient China. Of course, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was no lack of rule of law in the Han Dynasty. While promoting Confucianism, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty consolidated the authority of the government and showed the status of imperial power through laws and regulations and criminal law. Therefore, sinologists believe that this should be a system in which Confucianism is the mainstay, law is the supplement, and Confucianism is outside the law. It preached Confucianism and Taoism to the general public to show the softness of the government, and imposed severe criminal laws on the government to restrain ministers. Liu Che full-body color image

After a series of policies to develop the economy and people's livelihood, such as Wen Jing's recuperation, the national strength of the Western Han Dynasty is growing. While inheriting these policies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty actively prepared to develop military forces. After he ascended the throne, he first put down the turmoil in southern Fujian and Vietnam. After that, we began to use military means, not humiliating pro-policies, to completely solve the threat of Xiongnu in the north. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to attack the Huns on a large scale three times, taking over the Hetao area, seizing the Hexi Corridor, opening up the western regions, sealing wolves in Xu Xu, and pushing the northern territory of the Han Dynasty from the Great Wall to Yinshan or even beyond. At the same time of the Xiongnu War, we adopted peaceful and military means to bring western countries to heel. Wang Ting, the Xiongnu, moved to Mobei after losing the fertile and lush desert southern region, and never recovered, which basically solved the Xiongnu's threat to the Central Plains since the early Western Han Dynasty and laid the foundation for the later inclusion of the Western Regions in the Chinese territory. Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions and the Silk Road began. The Spring Festival began at the beginning of the calendar change and was corrected by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Reading classical Chinese, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was lucky to be in Ganquan Palace. There are insects in the flying path, and the leader's teeth, ears and nose are all available, which is unknown to the viewer. The emperor wants to show the new moon. He also said to him, "This insect has a strange name. In the past, people were not guilty of being detained, and they looked up and sighed:' Strange! Strange! "Beggars moved to heaven and became angry, hence the name. This place must be Qin's prison. "That is, according to the map. In bed, he asked, "Why do you want to get rid of bugs?" Shuo said, "All. If you have something on your mind, you can drown your sorrows by drinking. "So people put worms under the wine, and soon they dispersed.

Edit this paragraph: Emperor Wu ruled the country.

In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts: First, he respected Confucianism, followed Dong Zhongshu's advice, "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", and created a traditional middle-aged Liu Che in China.

The orthodoxy of mainstream culture has dominated the traditional cultural stage in China for more than 2,000 years, and it has been highly respected by the rulers of past dynasties. What I want to explain here is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, which led to vigorously promoting the development of Confucianism and promoting the combination of Confucianism and law, which is the so-called "Confucianism showing law". For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements. The prime minister also ruled Confucianism and Legalism; Zhufuyan started as a strategist; Sima Qian, a loyal Ji 'an Sima Tan, started from the theory of Huang Lao. Second, the establishment of China and North Korea suppressed the reign of Emperor Huiwenjing of the foreign dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Huiwenjing, most of the prime ministers were treated with courtesy. Emperor Wu and the prime minister often disagreed and often killed the prime minister under the pretext of repression, which led to the reluctance of the ministers of the DPRK to take over as prime ministers. In order to carry out his orders, China and Korea were established, and Shangshutai also appeared during this period. Third, establish the annual title. The year number used by the first emperor in China history. 1 13 BC, which was regarded as four years by Emperor Wu, and later changed to six years of Jianyuan, Yuanguang and Yuanshuo. Fourth, in the first year of Taichu (BC 104), Taichu changed its calendar to taichu calendar, with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was still yellow. 5. Salt and Iron Official Camp Salt and Iron Official Camp has continued since the Han Dynasty. Today, salt and iron tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises. Six, through the spread of iron smelting, sinking, silk making, lacquerware manufacturing and other technologies in the western regions of China, Hu (yellow) melon, bean, hemp, pomegranate, carrot, grape, blood horse, walnut, gastrodia elata and so on were introduced from the western regions. A large number of silk fabrics and metal tools in the Central Plains were transported to the west, and cast iron technology and well drainage methods were also introduced to the western regions. This is of great historical significance. Seventh, the establishment of Imperial College and Rural College, as well as the establishment of talent recommendation system, formed a unique civil service system in China. Eighth, four years after the crime (the first 89 years), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty declared to the world that he had caused suffering to the people and would never resort to war and waste money again. This is the "guilt on the wheel platform". This imperial edict is the first imperial edict in the history of China.

Edit this paragraph into a pioneer in the history of the development of the Chinese nation.

Launch a war against the Huns, and expand the territory.

Bowanghou Zhang Qian Stone Statue

On the one hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ended the pro-Xiongnu policy since the Mayi War in BC 133 and began to formally declare war on Xiongnu. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were sent to conquer, which relieved the threat of Xiongnu, recaptured Hetao and Hexi Corridor, expanded the territory of the western regions, put Xiongnu in a passive position, and ensured the economic and cultural development of the north. (1) In the sixth year of Yuanguang (BC 129), the Xiongnu went south again, with the forward pointing to Shanggu (now Huailai County, Hebei Province). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decisively appointed Wei Qing as the general who rode chariots to meet the Huns. This time, Emperor Wudi sent four attacks. Wei Qing rode a chariot and went straight to the valley. Gongsun Ao rode a chariot to send troops from Daixian (governing Daixian, now Datong in Shanxi and Yuxian in Hebei), Gongsun He rode a minibus to send troops from Togtoh in Inner Mongolia, and Li Guang rode from Yanmen. The four generals each received ten thousand cavalry. Wei Qing went to war for the first time, but he was brave and good at fighting. He went straight to Longcheng (the place where Xiongnu sacrificed to sweep the ancestors of heaven and earth), beheaded 700 people and won a great victory. The other three roads, two roads failed, all the way failed. Seeing that only Wei Qing won the victory, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very appreciative and sealed Shanhaiguan. (2) In the autumn of 128 BC (the first year of Yuanshuo), tarquin went south, first attacked western Liaoning, killed the satrap of western Liaoning, defeated Han Anguo, the commander-in-chief of Yuyang, and plundered more than 2,000 people. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Li Guang to guard the right Beiping (now southwest of Lingyuan, Liaoning Province), and Xiongnu soldiers avoided Li Guang and entered the fortress from Yanmenguan to attack the northern border county of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing to war, and Li Xi sent troops from Dai Jun to attack the Huns from behind. Wei Qing led 30 thousand cavalry, marched in haste and rushed to the front. Wei Qing himself took the lead, and the men fought bravely for the first place. Thousands of enemies were killed and captured, and the Huns were defeated and fled. (3) In 127 BC (the second year of Yuanshuo), the Huns assembled a large number of troops and attacked Shanggu and Yuyang. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing to attack Henan (Hetao area of the Yellow River) occupied by Huns for a long time. This was the first war between the Western Han Dynasty and Xiongnu. Wei Qing led 40,000 troops to set out from the clouds, adopted the tactic of "circuitous attack", went west to the rear of Xiongnu army, quickly captured Gaoque (now Hangjinhou Banner in Inner Mongolia), and cut off the connection between Xiongnu Aries King and Loufan Wang Tong Khan Wang Ting. Then, Wei Qing led his troops south and entered the west of Longxian County, forming a siege of Aries King and Loufan King. Seeing that the situation was not good, the Xiongnu Aries King and Loufan King led their troops to flee hastily. The Han army captured thousands of enemy troops alive, seized more than one million livestock, and completely controlled the Hetao area. Because of the fertile aquatic plants and dangerous situation in this area, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built Shuofang City (now northwest of Hangjinqi, Inner Mongolia) here, and set up Shuofang County and Wuyuan County, where 100,000 immigrants from the mainland settled, and restored the frontier fortress and fortifications along the river built by Meng Tian in the Qin Dynasty. In this way, tarquin's direct threat to Chang 'an was not only relieved, but also a forward base was established to further counter the Huns. Historical Records and Hanshu praised the Han army for "returning home in full armor" in this campaign. Wei Qing made great contributions and was named Changping Hou, with 3,800 food cities. (4) The Huns were unwilling to be defeated in Henan and wanted to recapture the North, so they sent troops many times in a few years, but they were all turned back by the Han army. In the spring of 124 BC (the fifth year of yuanshuo), Emperor Wu ordered Wei Qing to set out from Gaoque with 30,000 cavalry. Su Jian, Li Jue, Gong Sunhe and Cai Li were all restrained by Wei Qing and led troops from the north. Li Xi and Zhang Cigong led the troops from right Beiping. This time, the total strength exceeded100000. Xiongnu right Wang Xian thought that the Han army was far away and couldn't come for a while, so he let his guard down. Wei Qing led an army to March six or seven hundred li, and surrounded the right camp overnight. At this time, the right wise king was drinking in his tent with his beautiful concubine, and he was already drunk at eight or nine points. Suddenly, the killing outside the tent was deafening and the fire was everywhere. Right Wang Xian panicked, hurriedly helped the beautiful concubine onto the horse, and with hundreds of strong horses, she broke through the tight encirclement and fled to the north. Han Jun rode Guo Cheng, a captain, and led the troops to chase after hundreds of miles, but failed to catch up. However, they captured more than 10,15,000 men and women and millions of livestock. The Han army won a great victory, played a triumphant song and retreated to North Korea. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overjoyed when he received the battle report. He sent a special envoy with a seal to worship Wei Qing as a general in the army, sealing 8,700 food cities, and all generals were under his command. Wei Qing's three sons were still in their infancy, and they were also named princes by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Wei Qing was very modest and resolutely declined, saying, "I have the honor to treat the guilty army, and our army won by your God. This is the result of the hard work of the soldiers. Your majesty sealed my food city. My sons are still young and have no merit, but your majesty divided the land and sealed them as Hou. This will not encourage soldiers to fight hard. How dare the three of them accept a reward? " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said, "I have not forgotten the contributions of the captains, and I will reward them." Therefore, Wei Qing's third son was named Liehou in infancy, the eldest son Wei Heng was named Yichun Hou, the second son Wei Yi was named Yin Anhou, and the youngest son was named Hou, with 1300 households. Emperor Wu later raised Gong, Han Shuo, Gong Sunhe, Cai Li, Li Shuo, Zhao Buyu, Gong Nu, Li Ju, Li Xi and Dou Ruyi. People who fought alongside Wei Qing. (5) After several blows, the Huns were still rampant. Into the generation, attack Yanmen, plunder Dingxiang (now Dingxiang, Shanxi) and the monk army (now southeast of Suide County, Shaanxi Province). In February, the sixth year of Yuanshuo (BC 123), Emperor Wu ordered Wei Qing to attack the Huns. Gongsun Ao is the middle general, Gongsun He is the left general, Zhao Xin is the former general, Su Jian is the right general, Li Guang is the rear general, and Li Ju is the strong crossbow general. Divided into six armies, under the command of General Wei Qing. They set out from Dingxiang and marched hundreds of miles north, annihilating thousands of Xiongnu troops. In this campaign, Wei Qing's nephew Huo Qubing led 800 elite cavalry to participate in the war for the first time, and achieved brilliant results in body count of more than 2,000 people. After the war, the whole army returned to Dingxiang to rest, and went out again a month later, winning more than 10 thousand Xiongnu people with brilliant results.

Send envoys to the western regions

While waging the war against Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions twice, gained a great deal of unprecedented information about the Western Regions, opened up the famous Silk Road, further strengthened the ties with the Western Regions, promoted the social progress of the Western Regions, enriched the material life of the Central Plains, and developed economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West.

Against the northeast and the south

In Northeast China, the territory of the Han Empire was basically formed by sending troops to destroy Wei's Korea (present-day Korea) and establishing four counties of Le Lang, Xuantu, Lintun and Fan Zhen. At the same time, Yelang and Nanyue regimes in the south were attached to the Han Dynasty, and seven counties were set up in the southwest, including Bo 'er County and Zhu Ya County in Hainan Island today, that is, Hainan Island and the South China Sea Islands today. The southernmost tip of the territory surpassed today's Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, which also made today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions return to Chinese territory after the Qin Dynasty.

Edit the Chronicle of Emperor Wu of this paragraph.

Emperor Wendi was born in June in the seventh year (BC 157), and Emperor Han Jingdi was a neutron. In April, the first four years of Jingdi's reign (BC 153), Jingdi appointed Liu Rong, the eldest son of Shu and the son of Li Ji, as Prince Li. On the same day, Liu Che was made King of Jiaodong, when Liu Che was four years old. In April of the seventh year before Jingdi (BC 150), Jingdi was deposed as King Linjiang; Mrs Wang was made queen, and Liu Che, the seven-year-old king of Jiaodong, was made Chu Jun, the only son of the queen. In the second year of Emperor Jingdi (BC 148), Liu Rong, the king of Linjiang, was imprisoned for "invading the temple branch as a palace" (committing the crime of occupying the vacant land outside the ancestral temple to expand the palace) and committed suicide soon; In September, Liu Wu, King of Liang, assassinated more than ten people, including Yuan Ang. Jingdi died three years ago (14 1 year ago), and sixteen-year-old Liu Che acceded to the throne. In the first year of Jianyuan (BC 139), Liang Wudi, Zhao Wan and Wang Zang began the New Deal. Zhao Wan and Wang Zang committed suicide in prison because they violated the interests of the imperial clan. The New Deal was frustrated, and Liu Che began to hide his strength. In the second year of Jianyuan (BC 138), Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions. In the third year of Jianyuan (BC 137), Shanglinyuan was expanded. In the sixth year of Jianyuan (BC 135), Dou Taihou died of illness, and 22-year-old Liu Che officially took power. In June of the second year of Yuanguang (BC 133), the siege of Mayi and the ambush of Xiongnu failed. Began a large-scale war with the Huns. In the fifth year of Yuanguang (BC 130), Wei Qing, a general riding a chariot, defeated Longcheng and won the first victory in the Hungarian campaign since the founding of the Han Dynasty. From then on, he entered a turning point in the war against Hungary. In the first year of yuanshuo (BC128th), Wei Zifu was born Herry Liu, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In March, Wei Zifu was made queen; Emperor Wu was twenty-nine years old. In the second year of yuanshuo (BC 127), his father wrote to Emperor Wudi strictly, suggesting that a "favor order" be implemented; Will be formally implemented soon; In the same year, Wei Qing recovered the land of Heshuo, drove away Aries and Loufan Wang, and built Shuofang City, which completely solved the threat of Xiongnu to Chang 'an. Wei Qing was named Hou of Changping. In the third year of Yuan Shuo (BC 126), Zhang Qian returned from his mission to the Western Regions, which lasted for thirteen years. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo (BC 124), Wei Qing, a general on horseback, defeated Xiongnu Right, winning more than 100,000 right horses and millions of livestock. The son of heaven worshipped him as a general in the army, and the armies obeyed the general. In the sixth year of Yuan Shuo (BC 123), Huo Qubing went to war and won the title. In the spring and summer of the fourth year of the founding of Emperor Wu Yuan (1 19), General Wei Qing fought the Huns in Mobei, and supported them to flee. Huo Qubing's East Route Army defeated Zuo, and Zuo fled in defeat, completely solving the Xiongnu problem. Since then, there has never been Wang Ting in the desert. Six years after the founding of the People's Republic of China (1 17), Fu Biao rode general Huo Qubing. Liang Wudi Ding Yuan four years (before 1 13), got a treasure tripod in water distribution. In the first year of Emperor Yuanfeng (1 10 years ago), Taishan closed its doors to Zen, and the title of "Yuanfeng" came into being. Yuan Feng five years (formerly 106), Wei Qing, General Fu. In the first year of Taizu (BC 104), it was changed to New Moon and taichu calendar, with the first month as the head (originally October as the head). In the autumn of the second year of Tianhan (99), Li Ling surrendered after being defeated by Xunjishan. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty killed Li Ling's family and corrupted Sima Qian. In the second year of Emperor Zhenghe (9 1 year), the wanted man was arrested by Prime Minister Gong Sunhe, falsely accusing Gong Sunjingsheng, the son of He, of cursing Liang Wudi with witchcraft, and He and his son died in prison. Princess Zhu Yi, the son of Yang Shi Princess and Wei Qing, was punished. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Jiang Chong, his favourite, to be an emissary to treat witchcraft. In July, Liu Yuxin was framed for "witchcraft case", which goes without saying. He killed Jiang Chong and was forced to arise. Wei Ruyun's son-in-law committed suicide. In August, the prince committed suicide, and his wife and children were killed except his young grandson Liu Bingyi, the later Emperor Xuan Di. In the fourth year of Liang Wudi's conscription (89 years ago), Liang Wudi rehabilitated the prince who was framed and killed in the witchcraft disaster, accused the three families of Jiang Yi, burned Su Wen, and built a "thinking about the fetus" and "looking back at the platform" to express his grief, which made the world feel sad; Release the "guilt on wheels" and reflect on your mistakes. In February, the second year of Emperor Wu's reign (87 BC), Emperor Wu died at the age of 70. He reigned for 54 years and was buried in Maoling, with the temple number Sejong. Huo Guang, Jin Ridi and Shangguan Jie were appointed Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty to assist their youngest son Liu Fuling (eight years old).