Huainan Luohe fortune-telling _ Huainan fortune-telling place

Except for a few areas in the east, such as Shangyao and Luohe, Huainan dialect has four tones, namely, flat tone, upper tone, upper tone and falling tone, and the ancient entering tone characters are classified into flat tone and upper tone respectively. Although the tone categories of the four tones in Huainan dialect are the same as those in Mandarin, their tone values are different. The tone values of the four tones in Huainan dialect are Yin Ping 2 13 (for example, Gaotianshan wet iron medicine), Yangping 55 (for example, Hongyouji), Shangsheng 24 (for example, Jiuma) and Disyllabic 53 (for example, father's trot). Compared with the four tones of Mandarin (level 55, level 35, rising tone 2 14, falling tone 5 1), the rising tone of Huainan dialect is equivalent to that of Mandarin, all of which are Gao Pingtiao, while the rising tone of Huainan dialect is close to that of Mandarin, and the falling tone of Huainan dialect is higher, which is different from Mandarin. Generally speaking, Huainan dialect and Putonghua are in one-to-one correspondence, although their tone values are different, except for the ancient Rusheng characters.

The difference of tones is one of the main reasons why Huainan dialect is different from Putonghua in listening sense. Huainan dialect is dignified, deep and straightforward, unlike Mandarin which is euphemistic, gentle and high-spirited. Huainan dialect has four monosyllabic tones, and there are sixteen combinations according to disyllabic words. There are only four obvious forms of tone sandhi in words composed of these sixteen relations:

1, grade 2 13+ grade 2 13, and the person at the next higher level was changed from 2 13 to 13. For example: aircraft [fei 13? I2 13], cloudy [i~ 13 t? Ia~2 13], wax gourd [ton13kua213];

2. The leveling is 2 13+ other tones, and the previous leveling is changed from 2 13 to 2 1. For example: youth [i~2 1 nia~55], clear water [i~2 1 sei24], dawn [t? ia~2 1 liɑ？ 53]。 This form of tone sandhi appears frequently, and the saying that Huainan dialect is called "falling eight tones" refers to this form of tone sandhi

3. The rising tone is 24+ tone other than level tone, and the previous rising tone was changed from 24 to 33. For example: veterans [l? 33 sou24], Laojiu [l? 33 ? Y53], the motherland [tsu33kuo55];

4. Voiced 53+ Voiced 53. The previous disyllabic word was changed from 53 to 32, such as registration [p? 32 t？ 53], excited [? i~32 f？ n53]；

There is a light tone phenomenon in Huainan dialect. The characteristics of light tone are light, short and weak, such as: Ming [mi~55 k? ], we [a24 m? [n]. Some light tones can distinguish the meaning of words, such as: master [l? 24 ie] (also written grandpa, grandpa), master [l? 33 ie55] (used to refer to people with status and power, but now it is also used to describe lazy people), foreign goods [I ~ ι? 55 xuo] (grumpy, stubborn and unreasonable), foreign goods [I ~? 55 xuo53] (referring to imported products, which have been basically abandoned), bachelor [ku? 2 13 ku~] (showing off, ostentation and extravagance, having face), bachelor [kuɑ? 2 1 kun53] (single person), etc. Compared with Mandarin, the initials of Huainan dialect have the following characteristics, except that there is no difference between the rolling tongue sound and the flat tongue sound mentioned in the overview, and Hu and F are the same in the western region:

1. Words starting with the zero initial u [u] in Putonghua (that is, words starting with the Chinese phonetic letter w) are all pronounced as [v] in Huainan dialect, such as Wen and Wei;

2. Huainan dialect tends to add a consonant [? ], but this feature is disappearing in Huainan dialect;

3. Although Huainan dialect, like Mandarin, has only aspirated and unvoiced opposition to most consonants, but there is no voiced opposition, in actual pronunciation, most Huainan people prefer unvoiced consonants, such as pronouncing [t] as [d] and [p] as [b], [? ] is sent as [? ] and so on. Because this pronunciation method does not distinguish phonemes and does not cause difficulties in learning Mandarin, it is rarely noticed, but it constitutes the phonetic characteristics of Huainan dialect-that is, people often call Huainan dialect "voiced" intuitively. This voiced sound of unvoiced consonants is another main reason why Huainan dialect is different from Putonghua in listening sense.

4. Although Huainan Dialect incorporates all the tongue-rolling sounds into the flat-tongue sounds, the flat-tongue sounds z [ts], c [], s [s] and [z] in Huainan Dialect all move slightly to the tongue leaves compared with Mandarin, that is, they are slightly rolled up compared with Mandarin;

5. [Z] replaces R in Mandarin, such as meat, people and heat;

The initial consonant list of Huainan dialect (phonetic notation in the International Phonetic Alphabet means that you can pronounce it in brackets, with examples in brackets): pronunciation position \ pronunciation method \ pronunciation stops, fricatives, nasal sounds, side sounds, no breathing (clear or voiced), no breathing (clear or voiced), breathing, clear or voiced, double lip sounds, p {b} (Crawling) M (Mami) Labial sound F (Buddha waste) V (Wen Wei) Tongue-tip middle tone t {d} (poison) T? (He escaped)? {dz} (Ziziphus jujuba) (Cao Cheng) S (Sansheng) Z (people around you) N (take you) L (pull the road) Tongue sound? {d？ } (Jia Ji) (Qiao Qian)? (Xiaoxiang) {? } (Xiaoxiang) Tongue root sound k {g} (high arch) k? (looking at the sunflower) x (Haihui) {? (An 'an) Zero consonant (You 'er Yue 'an) except some postnasal vowels mentioned in the overview, all of them are merged into pre-nasal vowels, and now they are combined with d [t], t [t? ], l [l], z [ts], c [] and s [s] have lost u [u] in spelling. The vowels in Huainan dialect have the following characteristics:

1. In the unstressed syllables of the sentence, the nasal vowels an [an] and en [? n]、in [in]、ün [yn]、ang [ɑ？ 】、ong [o？ ] is often weakened into nasal vowel [a~], [? ~], [i~], [y~], [ɑ ~], [o~], but with the penetration of Putonghua into Huainan dialect, this phonetic phenomenon is decreasing;

2. The vowel ong [] in Mandarin is pronounced as [o? ], for example: east [to? 2 13], etc. Eng [] in Mandarin is pronounced en [? N], for example: hum [x? N2 13], etc. And mouth-to-mouth ueng [u] is pronounced [o? ], the same as the east, such as Weng [o? 2 13];

3. Huainan dialect has no retroflex on the tip of the tongue, but a vowel [? ] will be changed to [? ], that is, the vowel of "knowing to eat poetry" will have the vowel of "thinking twice";

4. The monosyllabic vowel o [o] in Mandarin often appears in Huainan dialect, with disyllabic uo [uo], such as Bo [puo2 13] and Mo [muo55].

5. The single vowel u [u] in Mandarin is occasionally associated with the complex vowel uo [uo] or ou [o? ], for example: cooked [so? 55], serial number [suo53] or [suo24]. It needs to be explained here: "Shu" can be read twice in Huainan dialect, which is close to the pronunciation of Putonghua [su55], and can also be read [so? 55], but it is difficult to tell who can read and who can't, because the vowel [u] in Huainan dialect has been changed to [o? ] is an isolated phenomenon, and it is likely that [so? The pronunciation of [55] is borrowed from the Central Plains Mandarin in the north. "Shu" is also a polyphonic word in Mandarin with shù [? u5 1]、shǔ [？ U2 14], Shuo [? Uo5 1] and shù [u5 1], the latter two pronunciations are generally not found in daily language, and the first two pronunciations are corresponding in Huainan dialect. U5 1] Huainan dialect [suo53], [number] shǔ [? U2 14] Huainan dialect [suo 24] has the same meaning as Mandarin, but this phonetic correspondence is also an isolated phenomenon with unknown origin.

6. The compound vowel ai [ai] in Mandarin is usually a single vowel [? ], for example: insipid [t? 2 13], Taiwan Province [t55], cover [k? 53] and so on. Shut your mouth and tell uai [uai] to have a corresponding attack [u? ], such as Huai [Xu? 55], come on [k? u？ 53] and so on.

7. When the tone does not drop, when the vowel ai [ai] in Mandarin is spelled with the initial z [ts], it is changed to [? ], for example: pick [ts? 2 13], narrow [ts? 24] and so on. When the tone is disyllabic, the spelling of ai [ai] and initial m [m] in Mandarin is changed to [? ], for example: Mai [m? 53], pulse [m? 53];

8. When the tone is not unvoiced, the vowels ei [ei] and ai [ai] in Mandarin are changed to [? ], for example: north [p? 24], white [p? 55];

9. Compound vowel ue [y? ] In Huainan dialect, there are two kinds of pronunciations: literary pronunciations are the same as Putonghua, and white pronunciations are [yo], such as [yo2 13], which is indeed [yo53] and learning [? Yo55] and so on.

10, polyphonic ao [ɑ? ] In Huainan dialect, it is generally pronounced as a single vowel [? ], such as high [k? 2 13], photo [ts? 53] and so on, iao [iɑ? ] generally pronounced [i? ], such as [? Me? 53], to [me? 53] and so on.

1 1. The compound vowel iao [ao] in Putonghua is zero initial and the tongue is blocked by j [? ], q [] is also spelled in vain, and the text is read as above [i? ], pronounced ue [y? ], for example: medicine [y? 2 13], foot [? y？ 2 13], Joe [y? 24], knock [y? 2 13] and so on. In particular, the white pronunciations of "Qiao" and "Kou" are quite different from those of Mandarin. Generally, Huainan people only use it in spoken language, and I don't know which word it is. In some Huainan people's articles about Huainan dialect, similar common pronunciation is used to express it, such as writing "Qiao" as "lack" or "limp" and "what a coincidence" as "this strange lame drop". Write "If you mess with me again, I need you!" Wait a minute. In addition, note that the tones of "Yao" and "Jiao" here are not one-to-one correspondence with Mandarin, because "Yao" and "Jiao" are ancient tones, and "Yao" is disyllabic in Mandarin, flat in Huainan dialect, flat in Mandarin and flat in Huainan dialect.

12. It is mentioned in the summary that the vowel er [] in Putonghua has two or three pronunciations in Huainan dialect, a [a] is pronounced in the eastern region, and e [? ], there are also a few people who send [? ], for example: Er [a55 or? 55 or? 55], ear [a24 or? 24 or? [24] and so on. Correspondingly, there are no consonants after vowels in Huainan dialect;

The vowel table of Huainan dialect (phonetic notation in the international phonetic alphabet means that it can be read like this, taking the words in brackets as an example): rhyme ending \ rhyme calling, mouth calling, mouth calling and mouth calling without rhyme ending? I (Miracle) u (tree) y (rain) a (motor) ia (jiaya) ua (melon flower)? (coming to the seaside) Me? (Ye Tie) U? (extra money) y? (excellent medical skills)? (Ge Zhe)? (Ingenious) Me? (Huqiu) O (Buddha) uo (drag) yo (about learning) vowel ending ei (waste water) uei (Hui Gui) O? (Head) Io? (Uncle) Nasal Vowels and Nasal Vowels an {a~} (Bandan) ian {ia~} (Tian Yan) uan {ua~} (Guan Duan) yan {ya~} (Select All)? n {？ ~} (with Geng) in {i~} (crystal) un {u~} (soul-rolling) yn {y~} (deepening cloud) ι? {ɑ ~} (Outline) Me? {I ~} (Xiangjiang) u? {uɑ~} (Huang Kuang) o? {o~} (Dongweng) {io~} (poor and brave) y? (Poor Yong) Compared with the typical Jianghuai Mandarin Hefei dialect, Huainan dialect can distinguish two initials (Nu ≠ Lu, Nao ≠ Lao) and three initials (low ≠ chicken ≠ capital) of a homonymous call (that is, a syllable with an intermediate sound of I or a main vowel of I); Compared with Wuhu dialect, another typical Jianghuai mandarin, Huainan dialect can distinguish an and ang vowels (Ban ≠ Bang, Guan ≠ Guang) and j, q, x and g, k and H (Jia ≠ Jie, zhao ≠ Knock, xie ≠ Xia). In addition, the typical Huainan dialect has no entering tone, so it can be judged that Huainan dialect does not belong to Jianghuai dialect. In and ing, en and eng are typical features of Jianghuai dialect. Huainan dialect is more inclined to Jianghuai Mandarin than Zhongyuan Mandarin in vocabulary and grammar, so we can regard Huainan dialect as a transitional dialect from Jianghuai Mandarin to Zhongyuan Mandarin and a living specimen of language evolution and transformation in a language transition area. This is why Huainan dialect was listed as Jianghuai Mandarin in the dialect survey in 1958, and the Huainan city records compiled in recent years clearly stated that Huainan dialect belongs to the Central Plains Mandarin.