Read Historical Records: The First Family in Wu Taibo (I)

Yesterday's birthday, I opened the historical records and read the Wu family.

Why did Sima Qian regard the Wu Taibo family as the "first family"?

"Preface to Taishi Gong" says:

Garber's permission made the Wu family the first.

Very clear, very clear, in recognition of Wu Taibo's virtue of "laissez-faire". The concept of "Jean" is really important in Taishi Gong. The first part of Historical Records is Biography of Five Emperors. In fact, when I first saw it, I had doubts: Why didn't the Three Emperors and Five Emperors start in Huang San? Is it because Sima Qian has no information? But in fact, the information about the Five Emperors and Sima Qian is also "the best". Until read the book at the end of the Taishi Gongxu:

Tang Yao abdicated and Yu Shun did not stand; The merits of beauty and emperor will go on forever. Be the first of the five emperors.

After all, isn't what Sima Qian repeatedly said a "bad"-the problem of making way? This is one of the most beautiful advantages. It is very interesting to read the Catalogue of Historical Records carefully: the first chapter of this chronicle is the Chronicle of the Emperor, which spent a lot of pen and ink describing how Yao "made" the world submit; The first article of "Family" is "Wu Taibo Family". At first, it tells the story that Wu Taibo "ceded" the country to his younger brother. About half of the whole article is about Ji Zha's "Rang" country; The first biography is "Biography of Uncle Boyi", which tells that Uncle Boyi "ceded" his country to the other side.

Let the country starve to death, as the world calls it. Become the first in the biography of Boyi.

I took a quick look at Uncle Boyi's Biography. It seems that there are many problems and it is worth reading carefully. In short, they starved to death because the two brothers wanted to give the throne to each other, so one ran out and the other chased it out, and then they met the king of Wu and starved to death in shouyangshan.

It can be seen that in Sima Qian's values, "letting" is a very noble and important virtue-if this sort is intentional-I believe it is intentional. It is impossible for a person who wants to "get married, understand the changes of ancient and modern times and study the time between man and nature" to arrange the order of articles at will.

Uncle Wu Taibo is the son of King Tai of Zhou and the younger brother of King Ji Li. Xian, and son often, want to stand and often, so Taibo and rampage, their tattoos are broken, indicating that it is inevitable. For the king of the season, but often for the king of literature.

Sima Qian didn't say a word of nonsense. Zhou has three sons, and his second and third brothers have calendars, which are virtuous, and his son (Ji) has the virtue of "sage", so the King of Thailand wants to give the throne to his youngest son's calendar and let him pass it on to Ji Chang-Ji Chang, who can gossip and tell fortune. In Romance of the Gods, he ate a cake made of his son's meat. And can see their father's thoughts-did Zhou say anything: Oh, actually, I want to pass the throne to your third brother! I don't think there should be. If there is, Sima Qian will write-see below. But there must be clues that the eldest son and the second son know each other. It is worth noting that Wu Taibo and his younger brother Zhong Yong "ran" back to Man Jing without looking back. Now, of course, Man Jing is already one of the richest places in the country, but in those days it was a barren land. Moreover, in order to show their determination, they "cut off their tattoos", and their parents dared to damage their bodies and skin, thus cutting off the back road: they could not use them.

This is subtle: the father wants the younger son to inherit the throne, but according to the patriarchal clan system at that time, this is wrong and must be inherited by the eldest son. The eldest son saw his father's worry and left with his second brother to fulfill his father-if the second brother doesn't leave, the eldest brother will leave, not the third brother. Moreover, it is wholeheartedly and sincerely "letting" the country to the third brother: taking the initiative to disfigure, making it absolutely impossible for him to return to be king.

As mentioned above, it is precisely because of this that Sima Qian took this article as his first one.

From Tabor to Shou Meng.

In the second year of Wang Shoumeng, the doctor and he died in Chu, complaining that all the generals in Chu had defected to Jin. After that, he made Wu an ambassador, taught Wu to fight and ride, and made his son a pedestrian of Wu, so Wu began to associate with China. Wu fachu

Wu Taibo, a descendant of 19 generation, was named Shoumeng. In the second year of his career, a man who defected from Chu to Jin went to Wu, and from then on, Wu had contacts with the Central Plains. I don't know if it is this year, but the interval will not be too long-isn't this messenger used to teach Wu Dachu? It won't be long. Wu went to attack Chu. Before the story of Gou Jian, King of Yue, and Fu Cha, King of Wu appeared, the endless war between Wu Chu ran through the whole text. Sima Qian didn't write in chronological order, so I rearranged it in chronological order:

(1) life sprouting period:

The virgin of Liang's family in the north of Chu and the daughter of Wu Biancheng fought for mulberries, and the two daughters were angry with each other. When the border towns of the two countries heard about it, they attacked each other in a rage and destroyed the border town of Wu. The prince of Wu was angry, so he attacked Chu and took both of them.

Sixteen years, cutting Wu, to Hengshan.

It's really funny. These are two young girls on the border of Wu Chu. They are "fighting" for mulberry leaves-probably wild mulberry leaves, which have no property rights, so they will fight. So the two families fought and their anger was extinguished, almost to the point where the whole family was killed. As a result, local officials in both countries knew about it, and local and local wars broke out. Chu is very powerful, and this town (almost like an administrative unit, such as the border province) located on the border of Wu was destroyed. So the prince of Wu was very angry and attacked Chu-actually, you see, Mrs. Wu is an uncle, but Sima Qian wrote the name "Prince of Wu" here. Who sealed it? I haven't studied it. I guess I sealed it myself. It can be seen from the word "Wang" that the ceremony broke down.

What a surprise. A bit like today, United Airlines hit a passenger in China, and the family of the passenger in China was very angry and joined hands with the family who hit him. After that, it fought for decades between China and the United States ... Is it ridiculous?

In all this, Sima Qian used the word "struggle" in the initial things. Is this the antonym of "Jean"? Very interesting.

The most important thing that happened during the Shou Meng period was not this, but the issue of "heirs":

In twenty-five years, Wang Shoumeng died. Shoumeng has four sons, the first is Yu Sacrifice, the second is Yu Mei, and the second is Yu Mei. Ji Zha was a saint. Shou Meng Xiang established it, but Ji Zha couldn't, so he established his eldest son Zhu Fan to serve as a country.

It's a natural death. Shoumeng has four sons-one more than King Zhou Tai, but in the same way, he also took a fancy to the youngest son, named Ji Zha-which is regarded as the hero of this Wu Taibo family. Ji Zha is also a "saint", so Shou Meng is also "eager to establish", but Sima Qian added here: Ji Zha cannot yield. Looking back, when I was in Zhou Wangtai, Sima Qian didn't say that "the calendar must be ceded"-the calendar didn't "cede", which means that King Zhou Tai didn't mention it at all-since he didn't mention it, the throne is not yours, so there is no need to "cede" the calendar. However, Ji Zha made concessions, so it can be seen that this Shou Meng was put forward and said by himself: I have decided to make Ji Zha king. But Ji Zha refused, and recited the poem instead.

Note that this time, Ji Zha's three brothers, especially the eldest brother, didn't say anything-in other words, Sima Qian didn't record what Ji Zha's brothers said and did this time, so we can only infer that they didn't say or do it. Shoumeng had to pass the throne to his eldest son, Zhu Fan, and Zhu Fan accepted it. It can be seen that Ji Zha can't be the king in his mind. Otherwise, why didn't he learn from his ancestor Wu Taibo and run away from home to get a tattoo? So opened the "Zhu Fan period":

(2) Zhu Fan period.

In the first year of King Zhu Fan, Zhu Fan lost his son and gave way to Ji Zha. Ji Zha thanked Cao Cao and said, "Cao Cao's killing was wronged by the governors and Cao Cao. They will set up their son to hide, go there and become Cao Jun, and Mr. Wang said,' I can keep my festival'. Jun Yisi, who dares to fuck Jun! If there is a country, it is not my holiday. Although Zagreb is immaterial, I hope that Fuzi will hide the meaning. " Wu people have established a stable position and given up his farming space.

In autumn, Wu attacked Chu and Chu defeated our division.

Zhu Fan is not without hints. After the funeral of his father Shou Meng, he offered to cede the throne to Ji Zha. Ji Zha certainly didn't want it-I didn't want it, and I won't want it now, so he almost ran away from home and went to the farm. Zhu Fan this "let", is obviously a posturing-since dad made it clear that he would give up his seat to Ji Zha when he was alive, he was embarrassed to even be polite? But this Zhu Fan is very retarded. Obviously don't want to give way, but always put on the appearance of giving way, until he died, he made a will, which led to the chaos of Wu later:

Thirteen years, a pawn. I was ordered to hold a memorial service for my brother. If I want to pass it on, I will end up in Ji Zha. That is to say, Wang Shouxian dreamed of it and commemorated Ji Zha's righteousness. All my brothers want to bring it to this country, so that it will gradually end.

Ji Zha was sealed in Yanling, hence the name of ji zi in Yanling.

That is to say: Alas, since the fourth brother is so humble, but the old man said that he wanted to be king, his father's life must not be violated (at least I won't bear this crime, and whoever violates it will be sacrificed to you, so I will pass the throne to the second brother Yu, and you will pass it to the third brother, and you will definitely pass it to the fourth brother! Except for such a bad idea before he died. This method is really stupid. What if Ji Zha died before his brother? Even if I don't die, will my third brother be too old to look like? What a good king! Take ten thousand steps back. Even if Ji Zha finally accepts the throne, what will happen after his death? Is it for Zhu Fan's son or his own son? What about sending it again? With the later development, this is bound to be chaotic.

Therefore, IQ is very important.

(3) Remaining Sacrificial Period

Jian' an for four years, was hired by Wu and sent to the embassy.

If you go to Lu, you will make Qi. Yan said, "I will take over the city and politics quickly." No city, no government is without difficulties. The government of Qi will come back; If you don't get what you want, it's hard to rest. " Therefore, the government and the city were taken because of Chen to avoid the difficulties of Lu' an and Gao.

Go to Qi and make it to Zheng. Meet a child, like an old friend. He said that Zi Chan said, "Zheng's administration is too small to come. Politics will certainly influence. Rule the country with children, and be cautious and courteous. Otherwise, Zheng will be defeated. "

Go find Zheng Shiwei. Say, stone structure, stone? Gongzi respects and Gongzi Chao says, "Wei is your son, but he doesn't suffer."

If you protect yourself like gold, you will hear the bell at night and say, "what a surprise!" If I hear it, the argument of immorality will be added to the decapitation. Master is convicted by you, and he is afraid of inadequacy, but can he bear it? The master is here, and the swallow's nest is in the curtain. Can you be happy when you go out? " Then go. Wen Zi heard about it and refused to listen to the harp all his life.

When he was in Jin, he said Zhao Wenzi, Han and Wei Xianzi, and said, "Jin is the crown of the three!" Just as he was leaving, he said to his uncle, "My son encouraged him! You are extravagant and virtuous. Doctors are rich, but politicians are in three places. If my son is straight, he will think of himself and avoid difficulties. "

In the past ten years, King Chu Ling met with princes and attacked Wu Zhuzhifang to punish Qi Qing. Wu also attacked Chu and captured three cities.

Eleven years, Chu cut Wu, Zhi Yi Lou.

In the twelfth year, Chu Fu came to cut, second only to western Jiangxi, and Chu Shi suffered a crushing defeat.

Sima Qian recorded Ji Zha's experience of traveling around the world with a lot of pen and ink. Ji Zha is really great. He went to Shandong first and enjoyed the authentic Li Le. In fact, he learned the ceremony. Who did he talk to? Didn't say. Then when I arrived in Qi, I immediately saw that Qi was going to have civil strife and saved Yan. I went to Zheng again to teach my son how to do it. Then I went to Wei and met many gentlemen. I am very happy. The best thing is that he was in Jin, and he predicted the division of the three families in the future at once! This can fully explain why his father took the world by storm, destroyed the patriarchal clan system and proposed that he should be king: this was a bad idea put forward by his eldest brother before he died, and his knowledge and IQ were not an order of magnitude at all.

Ji Zha's second brother Yu Ji died 17 years later. According to the eldest brother's testamentary edict, the throne was passed to Ji Zha's third brother, Yumei, but Yumei was quite short-lived and died in the fourth year. So, is it Ji Zha's turn? Ji Zha, of course, is not stupid, he escaped-as I analyzed earlier, if Ji Zha becomes king, he will be very difficult. And Ji Zha this person realm is very high:

At the beginning of Ji Zha, prosthodontic went north. Xu Jun likes Ji Zha's sword, but he dares to say. Ji Zha knew this very well, but he didn't give it to the country. Back in Xu, Xu Jun was dead, so he untied his sword and tied it to Xu Jun's grave. The attendant said, "Xu Jun is dead. Who will give it to him?" Kiko said, "Otherwise. At the beginning, my heart has promised, why not double my heart with death! "

In other words, Ji Zha met prosthodontic in Guo Xu on his way around the world. He likes Ji Zha's sword very much, but he doesn't have the courage to ask for it. Ji Zha knew that his friend liked this sword very much, but at that time he had to explore. He had to wear a sword, so he thought silently, I will give him this sword when I finish my task. When he finished his task and went to find prosthodontic, prosthodontic was already dead. Ji Zha put the sword on Xu Jun's grave. So the attendant asked him: Xu Jun is dead. What's the point of doing this? Ji Zha said: No, I promised to give it to him in my heart. How can I betray my heart because he is dead?

Great! Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith, the essence of "faith" is not against one's will and self-denial, but its highest state is honesty and persistence in one's own heart, not just the performance and fulfillment of promises to others.

In other words, since Ji Zha refused to be king when his father was alive, how can he betray his heart now? So of course, he didn't become king. Then the question comes: should the next king be the son of the third brother or the son of the eldest brother?

His third brother, Yu Mei, passed the throne to his son Liao.

As a result, Wu began civil strife. Sima Qian didn't write this part in time, so I rearranged the paragraph order of the original text.

(4) Yumei period

(5) Current period

In the second year of Liao Wang, Zi easily defeated Chu and Zhou Wang. Fear of light, attack Chu, recover and return.

Sima Qian cut to the chase and introduced a key figure: Gongziguang. Moreover, as soon as this man came out, he did something very expressive: he failed to attack Chu and was taken away by a ship. In order to recapture the lost ship, he ambushed Chu. So, who is it, son?

Gongziguang is also the son of Wang Zhufan. I used to think that my father and four brothers should be sent to ji zi. Ji zi does not obey the country, and the light father stands first. Just don't tell the season, just stand up. Yin accepts the wise men and wants to attack.

Yes, it's Ji Zha's eldest brother, Zhu Fan's son-I think it's the eldest son. Obviously, Sima Qian said that he thought that after his third uncle died, since his fourth uncle Ji Zha didn't want to be king, he should be king, not his cousin. So he secretly cultivated his own strength and wanted to "attack" his followers-retaking the spaceship was also an attack!

In five years, Wu Zixu, the minister of Chu's death, came to run, and his son was a guest of light.

Another key figure appeared: Wu Zixu. Wu Zixu, from Chu and Wu Zixu, came with blood feud.

Childe light "guest", looks like have a crush on Wu Zixu, but in fact at first is not the case:

At the beginning of Wu Zixu, he ran to Wu and said that he would attack Chu. Said: "Xu's father and brother want to avenge Chu." I didn't see its benefits. " So Wu Yuan knows that light has its own ambitions. Is to seek the Lord of the samurai light. Guang is a guest of Wu Zixu. Zi Xu retired to plow the fields for Zhuan Xu.

When Wu Zixu arrived in Wu, he went to lobby the prince of Wu to send troops to attack Chu. But at this time, the son just said, Oh, Wu Zixu, this is just revenge for himself. Playing Chu is not good for us. Seems to be crowding out Wu Zixu, don't trust Wu Zixu. But Wu Zixu is very clever, and you can see from this point: Childe has only a rebellious heart. So he took the initiative to find a samurai named Zhuan Xu, and he dedicated it to Gongziguang, who was very happy. Worst of all, Wu Zixu "retired and plowed wild" and never appeared again, as if he had been hit by the sun's rays, and he no longer attacked Chu.

Wu Zixu can endure, wait and create a situation. So when he met Gou Jian, who was more patient and able to wait, he saw at a glance that this was definitely not a good thing. Since ancient times, "forbearance" has been the first essence of those who achieve great things. Unfortunately, Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, didn't listen. That's another story. In short, Wu Zixu is now hiding his secret, and has actually formed an alliance with Gongziguang to "attack" the prince. The description of the assassination process is really wonderful:

In the winter of twelve years, King Chu Ping died. In the spring of 13th year, Wu Yinchu was in mourning and wanted to cut it, so that his son covered his feathers and surrounded Chu. Let's enter Jin to see the change of governors. After Chu sent troops to defeat Wu Bing, Wu Bing could not return his troops.

So Wu Gongzi simply said, "Now is the time to lose." He told Zhuan Xu, "If you don't ask for it, you won't get it! I am the real heir, and I want it. Although the season has arrived, I will not waste it. " Zhuan Xu said, "Liao Wang can be killed. The mother Lao Tzu is weak, and the second son attacks Chu, and Chu will have no choice. I am trapped in Chu Wu outside, and there is no skeleton minister inside. I have nothing to do. " Light said: "My body, my son's body."

In April, PV soldiers were in the cave, while Liao Wang was drinking. Liao Wang sent troops to Daoism. From the palace to the Hall of Light, Liao Wang's relatives were on the doorstep, and people were holding beryllium. Childe light prepare for illness, into the bridal chamber, make Zhuan Xu in grilled fish to eat with a dagger. This dagger stabbed Liao Wang, and Beryllium was given to Hungary, so Hungary killed Liao Wang. Gongziguang was made king of Wu. He Lv is dedicated to all scholars.

1. External situation: In the winter of the twelfth year of Wu Wangliao, King Chu Ping died. The following spring, Wu Wangliao took the opportunity to attack Chu. Moreover, this attack is very strategic: on the one hand, send childe to attack Chu; On the other hand, Ji Zha was sent to a big country-Jin with unparalleled wisdom. This is a combination of war and diplomacy. After all, it is a world war!

Zhuan Zhu, the killer, is also extremely bad. He summed up this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity with the words 12: I am trapped outside, but I have no bones inside. Wu Wangliao now has neither an army nor a think tank. If you want to kill him, seize this opportunity, or you don't know how many years you will have to wait.

So one day in April, my son invited the king of Wu to drink and eat. Note that Wu Wangliao is not a vegetarian. He has been on guard for a long time. He brought an army-probably a guard or something. , from the palace, all the way to the childe's house, all the way to the seat on the side, all warriors, weapons in hand. So although it's useless for childe to ambush the killer at home, after all, people are prepared. But these warriors can ensure the safety of Gongziguang after his assassination, and prevent the people brought by the Prince from hurting him, and don't forget that Gongziguang's trump card is Zhuan Xu, an assassin specially recruited by Wu Zixu. Later, Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin. I think he probably borrowed from Zhuan Xu's method of hiding daggers: Jing Ke hid daggers in a map-a map that Qin Shihuang was interested in, while Zhuan Xu hid daggers in grilled fish. ...

But the question is, why hide it in the grilled fish? Moreover, since the prince of Wu knew that the son was up to no good, he simply didn't come to eat and drink. Why did he come?

Sima Qian didn't say anything, and he didn't mention three notes. There must be a story in this.

The implementation of Miyako's assassination and seizure of power is really seamless: the vision is to kill the current king; The strategy is to "attack" and the tactic is to "cultivate scholars" (especially Wu Zixu and Zhuan Xu); The battlefield is the place where the small room at home eats fish; The murder weapon is a dagger-a knife, and a knife is fatal.

At the cost, a pig and a fish died.

It's amazing!

At the end of the season, he said: "Gou Xianjun does not abolish sacrifices, the people do not abolish the Lord, and the country is a minister, which is my king." Who dares to complain? Mourn for death and live for fate. If I don't mess, I will mess with it, and my ancestors will mess with it. "I, crying at the grave, reset and wait.

Ji Zha is back. Have you ever thought about giving him the throne? Of course not! Even if let, Ji Zha also won't-if this is accepted, wouldn't it be an accomplice? So Ji Zha said: Alas, although my family is unlucky, Gongziguang is a descendant of Wu Taibo like me, so forget it. But he said something very important: I mourn for death and live for fate, not me. I feel sorry for my dead wife, but I must serve him now-in fact, I am serving my country, and the rest is resigned, so-called resignation as much as I can. But the most important thing is that he said-I'm not creating civil strife.

As we have said before, Ji Zha is "unparalleled wisdom". When he goes to any strange country, he can immediately see the fundamental problems of the country and make accurate predictions. Can't he see the most familiar trend of chaos control in Wu for so many years? That's impossible. So now that he has seen it, what has he done to avoid civil strife?

In fact, it is not a question of whether he has done anything, but whether he can do anything. From the moment his eldest brother made a will, there was nothing he could do. No matter what he does, the result will be the same, unless he kills all three brothers-in this case, the country will be in chaos. But when his father was alive, he could see the flames of civil strife later, so he had a plan. What plan? Suicide. Or, like his ancestor Wu Taibo, run away from home and miss his father forever. Ah, unfilial, of course. So he just has a plan, and this plan is impossible for him to adopt.

So it really seems that it has nothing to do with him?

In the Confucian system, yes Not only that, but he can also maintain his pure and supreme moral cultivation in troubled times-his brother somehow let Xian and his nephew kill his cousin, which is worthy of being a great book of Confucianism. As the saying goes, "if you are poor, you will be immune."

However, we can jump out of this Confucian value preset by Sima Qian-yes, Sima Qian is a brain-dead powder of Confucius, and the whole Historical Records can almost be regarded as his masterpiece of paying tribute to Confucius. We jump out of this preset value and go back to the time when Ji Zha's father Shou Meng was alive. Let's look at this passage again:

Shoumeng has four sons, the first is, the second is Yu Sacrifice, the second is Yu Mei, and the second is. Ji Zha was a saint. Shou Meng Xiang established it, but Ji Zha couldn't, so he established his eldest son Zhu Fan to serve as a country.

It's strange, how do you know that Ji Zha is a "saint"? Do you like to show your wisdom, talent and virtue since you were a child? -Looks like I'm slandering Ji Zha. No, you see that when he goes to any country, he likes to say, Oh, this is good, this is not good, your country will soon be chaotic, and your country will definitely be divided among the three countries in the end. ...

This is from the perspective of Laozi's system and Wu, as well as the world at that time. If we can "not Shang Xian, so that the people do not dispute", there will be no civil strife and no war in Wu, right? In Sima Qian's ideal world, he wanted to advocate "concession" to solve "disputes", but he didn't notice a problem at all: because the society is "Shang Xian" and Ji Zha is "virtuous", Shou Meng will be virtuous and want to stand.

If Ji Zha can be naive and clumsy from the beginning and doesn't show virtue and talent, will there be anything else behind?

I won't.