On Zhang Bin, Counselor of Zhao after Sixteen Countries in Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Zhang Bin (? -322 years), the word Sun Meng, Zhaojun (now Neiqiu, Hebei Province). Minister and famous counselor of the post-Zhao Dynasty in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period.

Zhang Bin's father, Zhang Yao, was once the satrap of Zhongshan. Zhang Bin was eager to learn from an early age. "Not in chapters and sentences, but in large paragraphs" (Zhang Jin's Biography). He often said to his younger brother, "I can't identify the posterior ovary with my own words and wisdom, but I don't conform to Gao Zu Er" (Zhang Jin's Biography). Later, he served as commander-in-chief under the account of King Zhong Qiu, but he didn't show his ambition and was dismissed from his official duties due to illness.

During the Eight Kings Rebellion, Schleswig was Liu Yuan's assistant commander in the Han Dynasty. When he and other generals captured Shandong, Zhang Bin said to his relatives, "I have met many generals, and General Hu alone can rely on * * * (Book of Jin, Zhang Bin's note). Therefore, "Please raise your sword" ("Zhang Jinshu Bin Zaiji"). Schleswig didn't value him at first. Later, Zhang Bin put forward some fantastic ideas, which Schleswig took a fancy to.

At this point, Schleswig-Holstein gathered the "well-dressed people" in this area into a gentleman's camp. Is to lead Zhang Bin to the Lord. At the beginning of the army, Ying was carved as the arm, Kui 'an and Kong Kun as the minions, Hu, Wang Yang, Yun Ming and Wei Jiang (The Book of Jin Xerox Record). Since then, Schleswig-Holstein's army has truly become a resourceful and highly skilled military force, because it has absorbed talents from the Han nationality to advise it.

After that, Schleswig moved to Jianghan area and stationed troops. From October of the 4th year of Yongjia to the 1st month of the 5th year (30 1-3 1 1), after three or four months, he "wanted to have the ambition of Jianghan" (recorded in the Book of Jin Xerox) and was ready to work in Jianghan. Zhang Bin thought it necessary to do this, so he suggested that Xerox return to the north, but Xerox refused to follow. Zhang Bin was appointed as a captain of the army, the principal book and the second son Sima. Later, due to the lack of food in the army, diseases and epidemics prevailed in Schleswig-Holstein, and the evil king Si Marui sent troops to fight against them. Schleswig-Holstein had to lead an army to cross the water in the north in the first month of five years according to the plan of the guest of honor. In February, he led an army to capture Xincai (present-day Henan) and killed Wang Sima in Nantun (present-day Xiangcheng West, Henan). He also attacked Xuchang (now Xu Changdong, Henan Province) and beheaded General Alva Wang of Jinping.

Shi jun and Wang Mijun are the two strongest teams in the Central Plains occupied by the Han army. In September, counselor Liu Gang suggested that Mi Zhu should not occupy Qingzhou (northeast of Zibo), but join hands with General Anton Cao Ben to destroy Schleswig. So Wang Mi Pai and Liu Gang went to call Cao Ben to lead the troops to the meeting; At the same time pretend to invite Schleswig to Qingzhou. However, Liu Gang was captured and executed by Schleswig, and Wang Mi's plot was exposed unwittingly. Coincided with the departure of Mi generals Xu Miao and Gao Liang, Mi soldiers gradually declined. After Schleswig captured Gou Kun alive, Wang Mi wrote a letter to Schleswig, deliberately saying, "It's amazing that you can get rid of Gou Kun! Make it public and right, the world is uncertain. " Seeing that this is a plan for arrogant soldiers, Schleswig said to Zhang Bin: "Wang Mi's position is too humble, and he is afraid that he will become a former dog." Zhang Bin advised Schleswig-Holstein to take the opportunity to seduce him and said, "Do you think the vassal has the heart of the old country Qingzhou and the joy of consolidating human feelings? The prince who came back late was afraid of being followed by the public. He had planned to make it public, but it didn't come true. If I don't plan today, I'm afraid Cao Ben will come back, and * * * is a wing. Although I want to regret it later, what's wrong with it! When Xu Miao went, the military situation was slightly weak. Seeing that he still controls the royal family, he can be seduced and destroyed "(Jin Shu's Poems and Music). Schleswig-Holstein followed his plan.

Wang Mijun, the general guarding Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) in the Jin Dynasty, was at loggerheads with Rui Liu, and the situation was critical. Schleswig attacked Guan Peng to beg for a living. Wang Mi asked Xerox for reinforcements, but Xerox refused. Zhang Bin said, "Gong Ming often worried that he could not take advantage of the convenience of the princes, so he gave it to me today. Alex Chen, how can he be a coach? Wang Mi is an outstanding person, who will harm me (A Record of the Book of Jin Schleswig). Schleswig-Holstein followed Zhang Bin's advice, led the army to help, defeated 8 Jin J and beheaded Liu Rui. There is no doubt that those who want to have fun are deeply impressed by their hearts (Book of Jin Xerox).

In October, Schleswig invited Wang Mi to a dinner in Woods (now southeast of Sui County, Henan Province), but Wang Mi went there rashly despite his subordinates' discouragement. During the dinner, Schleswig-Holstein killed Wang Mi in an ambush and later annexed his Ministry. However, Liu Cong, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was told that Wang Mi had been killed for treason. Liu Cong sent messengers to reprimand Schleswig-Holstein for killing the general, but because he knew that Schleswig-Holstein was full of soldiers, he had to be added as the general of Zhendong, supervising the military affairs of the two states, and leading the secretariat of Bing to appease his heart. In this way, Schleswig-Holstein got rid of a big opponent in the battle for the Central Plains.

Although Gou Xi and others fell to Schleswig, Schleswig was afraid that he would betray himself, that is, he was killed for treason, which actually eliminated the power of dissidents more thoroughly. After Wang Mi committed suicide, Schleswig was nominally a minister of the Liu family in Han Dynasty, but in fact he acted independently.

In just over a month, Schleswig eliminated the last strength of the Western Jin Dynasty in the Central Plains, and then eliminated Wang Mi, the main rival of the Han army in the Central Plains. So he went south, and in October, he led his troops to capture the counties of Jinyuzhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) and returned to the Yangtze River. He was stationed in Gebei (now northwest of Xincai County, Henan Province), which greatly shocked the south of the Yangtze River.

In the sixth year of Yongjia (3 12), in February, the army of Schleswig built a wall to teach farmers to build ships and prepare to attack Jianye (now Nanjing) south. Si Marui, the king of Jinlang, who was guarding Jianye, would gather Jiangnan troops in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), take the history of the town east as the general, and command the army to defend Schleswig. At that time, heavy rains continued in the Jianghuai area, and the Han army was hungry and cold, and most of them were killed. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yang Wei was sent to Shouchun (Shouxian County, Anhui Province) to assemble an army of military discipline supervision, and the military situation was urgent.

At that time, Schleswig-Holstein had no fixed foothold. Although he won and was erratic, he failed to master the necessary land and people, that is to say, he did not have the foundation for the founding of the country. Judging from the specific situation at that time, Jianghan and Jianghuai could not be used as strongholds, and the strongholds had to be in the north. Judging from the situation in the north, Guanzhong and Hedong have their own owners, and Hebei is the only choice. Such an important decision has been debated within Schleswig-Holstein Group, in which Zhang Bin played a decisive role.

Schleswig-Holstein summoned his men to discuss countermeasures, and Shi Diaoying, the right leader, advocated surrender, pleading for the elimination of Heshuo and atonement, and then tried his best after withdrawing troops in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Hearing this, Schleswig-Holstein burst into tears. Kui 'an, the backbone general, suggested moving to high ground to avoid water. Schleswig said, "Why are generals afraid?" (Record of Jin Shu Schleswig)! More than 30 generals, such as Kong Chang and others, suggested: "If we don't assemble Wu Jun, Chang Chang and others will take 300 steps each, take more than 30 boats, board the city at night, chop the generals, take the city and eat its rice." This year, we will attack Danyang, stabilize Jiangnan, and try our best to capture Sima's family alive. "Schleswig-Holstein said with a smile," This is the plan of courage (Book of Jin Schleswig-Holstein Record). And give every armored horse as a reward. Finally, Schleswig had to ask Yu Bin: "What about Yu Jun? "Zhang Bin said:" The general captured the imperial city, imprisoned the emperor, killed the princes and took his wife as a concubine. The hair of the general is not enough to count the crimes of the general. How can he return to the minister? "After Wang Mi was killed last year, it is not suitable for building here. It rained for hundreds of miles, indicating that the general should not stay long. There are three solid rights (namely Tongquetai, Hujin and Bingjingtai), which are connected to Pingyang in the west and surrounded by mountains and rivers, and should be moved northward. Put down the rebellion and surrender, the river stood on the moon, and there was no one on the general's right. Jin protected Shouchun from the general's attack. Today's soldiers will be happy to return to the army, and they will not be attacked by Jones. From the North Road to Shouchun, the trench has passed, and the army has returned. Why not be afraid to advance and retreat ("Book of Jin Schleswig")! At that time, Schleswig realized that the stronghold must be located in the north, and Zhang Bin's plan played a key role at the critical moment, so Schleswig decided to return to the north and set up a stronghold in Hebei, which was a major shift in its hegemony.

Schleswig rebuked Diao Ying and said, "You help each other. If you have a successful career, how can you persuade the other party to surrender? " ! This plan should be cut. However, we are afraid of each other, so we are afraid of you "("Jin Shu's Poems and Music "). So Diao Ying was demoted as a general, Zhang Bin was promoted to a long history of the right, Zhong Lei was added as a general, and posthumous title was the "right Hou".

Schleswig-Holstein then, according to Zhang Bin's plan, asked his nephew Shi Hu to lead the cavalry to Shouchun when the main force went north in 2000. On the way to Shi Hu, they met Jin Yun's ship, and Han soldiers boarded the ship to grab the goods, which was defeated by Jin's army. Zhan Ji pursued a hundred miles, and the striker approached the main force of Schleswig. Seeing Schleswig-Holstein waiting, Zhan Ji dared not attack rashly and returned to Shouyang.

On the way to the north, due to the sharp ethnic contradictions at that time, Schleswig-Holstein's army passed by, all of which were fortified and cleared, and the salary of the sergeant was very difficult. In July, I went to Jixian County (southwest of Jixian County, Henan Province). I heard that there are thousands of people in Jixian County, and the walls are square. Schleswig-Holstein asked the generals for instructions because he was going to lead an army to cross the river from the north of Akanqin and was afraid of taking the opportunity to attack the ice sheet. Zhang Binjin said, "If you hear that the ice boat is blaspheming, you can go forward bravely and dive across the river to attack its boat to help the army." Army Ji Ji, ice will be captured ("Book of Jin Schleswig"). Schleswig-Holstein, according to his plan, set an ambush, defeated the ice, seized a lot of military expenses and salaries, and the military situation resumed.

So Schleswig-Holstein marched on Ye and attacked Ada, commander of the Northern Army Corps, at three stations. Ada led tens of thousands of people from Lin Shen and Mumu to Yue Le. However, the guards in Yecheng are still strong, and it is difficult to capture for a while, but it consumes troops. Zhang Bin also suggested: "Liu and Qian Qian are ten million, and three of them are in danger. If you can't attack and defend, you can collapse. " Wang He and Liu Yueshi are sworn enemies, so they should be unprepared. They want to secretly enter Hancheng, transport grain stores widely, go to Pingyang in the west, and sweep thistles, so that Huan Wen's industry can also benefit. In today's heated discussion, the beginning of the war, and people marching and traveling, it is difficult to ensure safety and control the world. If a husband gains land, he will prosper, but if he loses land, he will die. Handan, Zhao, the old capital, narrowly won by the mountains, so you can choose these two cities as the capital cities, and then order them to attack from all sides, give them their ingenuity, push them to death, and attack them weakly, so that you can eliminate those valiant soldiers and make plans "(Record of the Book of Jin Xerox). Schleswig-Holstein followed his plan and entered the country as a stronghold. Zhang Bin added, "I'm here now, and Yue Shi and Peng Zushen died because they were afraid that our city was not solid and our capital was not extensive. Wen Guangping's counties have a big autumn harvest, so you can send generals to the wild valley to collect and plunder. It is the intention to send envoys to Pingyang (Book of Jin Schleswig). Schleswig-Holstein followed closely, ordering the generals to attack the barriers of nearby counties in Jizhou and collect food and materials to send to Guo Xiang. After the report of Emperor Gaozu Liu Cong and Liu Cong, the four prefectures of Hebei, Youyou, Hehe and Ying in Schleswig were appointed as military departments, and Jizhou was appointed as animal husbandry and Shangdang county. From then on, Schleswig-Holstein became a national hero, changed the previous mobile warfare mode and began to establish his own base area, which laid the foundation stone for unifying the north and establishing the post-Zhao regime.

According to Guo Xiang, Schleswig had a direct conflict with ieee fellow, the secretariat of Youzhou in Jin Dynasty. There were tens of thousands of people in Guangping (now southeast of Jize, Hebei Province), who occupied Yuanxiang (now northeast of Xingtai, Hebei Province) and were ordered by Wang Jun, the secretariat of Youzhou in Jin Dynasty. In December, Schleswig sent Quian and Xiong Zhi to attack Yuanxiang and break its outer base. Wang Jun sent the governor to protect Wang Chang, and led Duan Pijia, Duan and Duan Bei to attack with 50,000 troops. At that time, the moat had not been repaired, so we had to build a heavy power grid in the city. Duan's Xianbei army entered Tunzhuyang (now the northeast of Xingtai City). Duan's family is famous for its bravery, and Schleswig sent troops to fight against it, all of which were defeated. Section, as soon as possible to build a large number of combat tools, ready to siege. People in Schleswig are very afraid. Schleswig said to his men, "Now the bandits are coming to force us, and we are outnumbered, and we are afraid that the siege will not be solved and we will not be rescued from the outside. Even if Sun Wu is reborn, we cannot consolidate it. " I'll be brief and wild. How's it going? "The generals said," It is contemptible to insist on exhaustion, and the teacher should retire from his old age and pursue it. "Schleswig asked Zhang Bin and Kong Li," what do you think? "Zhang Bin and Kong Chang don't agree to stick to the enemy's exhaustion and wait for its strategy of retreating and fighting back. They said, "I heard that six families were killed in the north of the city in the first half of next month. Their people came from afar and fought for several days. Because our army is weak, they say they dare not fight, and their intentions will slacken. "Now, Duan's people are very brave, especially in the last time, his soldiers are very brave. I know they are often at the end, so they don't come back to fight as a sign of weakness. Quickly cut the north base into more than 20 sudden doors, and when the thief is waiting for the line to be undecided and takes it by surprise, the enemy will be surprised and unable to plan. The so-called lightning quickly covers his ears. By the end of Chang, all the people had fled, and the rest had perished by themselves. After the capture of the coffin in the evening, Peng Zuke refers to the date (Book of Jin Schleswig). Schleswig-Holstein accepted the plan and took Ji as the chief commander of the attack and war, and opened more than 20 sudden doors (secret doors) in the north city. When the Xianbei army attacked the city, when its team slackened, it ordered Kong Ji to lead the elite to attack from Tumen, and stormed the waste department at the end of Wang Junjun Commissioner's section, unable to retreat. In vain, he chased to the door of the barricade and was captured by the ambush of Schleswig. When Wang Junjun saw that the experts were caught, he retreated one by one. Kong Chang pursued the victory, Xianbei lay dead for more than 30 miles, and won 5,000 armored horses. Duan packed up and retreated to Zhuyang. Schleswig put back the last blank, gave a generous gift and a large sum of money, and formed an alliance with Duan in Zhuyang. Duanshi withdrew his troops and returned to western Liaoning. Since then, Duanshi has tended to Schleswig. Wang Chang also returned to Hebei (now southwest of Beijing), where Ulun surrendered to Schleswig. Xerox turned to attack Xindu (Jizhou Zhisuo, now Jixian County, Hebei Province) and killed the king elephant in Jinjizhou. Wang Jun's power declined from then on.

In April of the first year of Jin Jianxing (three years of Han Jiaping, 3 13), Schleswig ordered Shi Hu to capture Yecheng. At this time, Schleswig-Holstein wanted to send a capable candidate to govern, so he asked Zhang Bin, "Ye, the old capital of Wei, I will build it. Since customs are mixed, we should be wise and do it at will. Who can be appointed? " Zhang Bin said, "Zhao Peng Zhongliang, the prefect of Donglai in the Jin Dynasty, was very sensitive and assisted the times well. If the general asks him to do it, he will certainly abide by the rules of the gods "("The Book of Jin Xerox "). Schleswig-Holstein called Zhao Peng the magistrate of Wei County. When Peng Zhao arrived, she cried and declined, saying, "I went to the imperial court to be famous, so that I could eat my money. Love the Lord and never forget. I know from the bottom of my heart whether the Golden Ancestral Temple is a lush grassland or the death of Hong Chuandong. Gong Ming should be ordered by the operator, which can be described as a dragon climbing meeting. However, due to the honor of others, I will not restore my second surname, and I am afraid that it will not be allowed by the public. If you give me a wish for more than a year and give me a minister, it will be of great benefit to me. " After hearing this, Schleswig was silent. Zhang Bin said, "Since the flag was hoisted, the dressed man has not changed his mind, and no one can advance and retreat with justice. To be so wise, you regard the general as your great-grandfather, and you plan to be four males. The so-called knowing each other is enough to be a general. Why bother to collect it? " Schleswig-Holstein said, "Right Hou's words are so lonely" (Record of the Book of Jin). Therefore, he got an ambulance and a horse to raise with Lu Qing and let his son Zhao Ming join the army.

At that time, there were hundreds of officials in Wang Jun's department, and he was extravagant and abused his power. Schleswig-Holstein wanted to send someone to observe it first because he had the heart of annexation. Some people say, "It's better to be like Yang Hucheng and Lu Kangshu" (The Book of Jin Xerox). Zhang Bin was ill at that time, and Schleswig-Holstein went to ask him about it. Zhang Bin said: "Wang Jun pretends to control the South with three forces. Although he talks about Kim, he is really rebellious and will think about helping the hero and helping the cause. General shock in the sea, to survive, where is the focus, the general's desire to deepen, Chu Han Xin also. Today, the right to send envoys, no sincerity, no suspicion, the omen of the map is revealed. It's strange, but there's nothing to set up. People who do great things must be humble first, and they are afraid of not believing when they are called "pushing". I have never seen anything about sheep and land (Records of the Book of Jin Xerox).

According to Zhang Bin's plan, Schleswig took advantage of Wang Jun's independence to present him with a generous gift, expressing his support for becoming emperor, and paid a generous gift to her husband Zhao Song. At that time, john young (now southwest of Dingxing, Hebei Province), to which Wang Jun belonged, was the commander of the patrol system. He sent messengers to Xerox privately, killed them there and gave them to Wang Jun.

In the first month of Jin Jianxing's second year (Han Jiaping's fourth year, 365,438+04), Jin Ting took Wang Jun as the military command of Fu, Ji and Zhou, and Liu Kun as the general (now southwest of Taiyuan), and sent envoys. Schleswig-Holstein paralyzed Wang Jun, hid his elite armor, revealed his weakness, and was especially kind to him. He also replied to Wang Jun's letter, pretending to go to Youzhou in mid-March to persuade him. At the same time, he also wrote a letter to Zao Song, requesting that he be awarded the titles of Zhou Mu and Guang Ping Gong to show his loyalty. Wang Jun's emissary reported that Schleswig was weak and had no second thoughts. So Wang Jun became more arrogant and relaxed, and was no longer on guard.

In February, Schleswig-Holstein led troops to attack Youzhou day and night. When the troops arrived in Bairen (now Longyao West, Hebei Province), they were afraid that Liu Kun, Xianbei and Wuwan would attack each other, so they didn't station troops. Zhang Bin said, "If you attack an enemy country, you should take it by surprise. If the army cannot be strict with the sky, do you care about the three parties? " Schleswig said, "Well, why?" Zhang Bin said: "Peng Zu is based in Youzhou, relying on only three departments. Now they are all rebelling, and they are still enemies. Otherwise, there would be no unity to resist me. You are hungry and frugal, everyone eats vegetables, many people are rebellious, one is weak, and there is no Qiang Bing to defend me. If the army is in the suburbs, it will fall apart. Today, when the three parties are undecided, the general can hang up the army and travel thousands of miles to the secluded state. Light army round trip, within 20 days. Make the three parties moved, and the situation is full. It's better to respond to the electricity, not to be late. And although Liu Kun and Wang Jun have the same name, they are actually enemies. If you write a note on Kun, send a token, and make peace, Kun will win and destroy me, and eventually attack me without saving the king. "Schleswig said," I can't. I'm already dead. Any questions? " ! So he sent messengers to see Liu Kun. Instead of helping Wang Jun, Liu Kun gave Schleswig-Holstein the convenience of marching.

In March, the Schleswig-Holstein army arrived in Yishui (now northwest of Xiongxian County, Hebei Province), but Wang Jun was still unprepared, and the Schleswig-Holstein army soon arrived in Ji Cheng. Schleswig-Holstein, fearing an ambush, first drove thousands of cattle and sheep into the city, blocked the streets and gave gifts, so that the soldiers in Youzhou could not go out. Then he led his troops into the city, killed more than 10,000 soldiers in Youzhou, captured Wang Jun alive, escorted Guo Xiang to behead him, made a guard to be slaughtered, and burned the palace back. In this campaign, Schleswig-Holstein combined the use of space with attack to capture Youzhou at the least cost, which created favorable conditions for its unification of the north. Zhang Bin contributed a lot.

Jin Jianxing four years (Han Jianyuan two years, 3 16) December, Schleswig-Holstein, Feng. After a long time, tens of thousands of refugees from Si, Ji, He and Yan are in western Liaoning, attracting each other and making people miserable. When Schleswig-Holstein asked Zhang Bin, Zhang Bin said, "Strictness is not the enemy of the public, and all refugees have the ambition to love it. Today, if you choose a good shepherd to raise your arms and live in seclusion against the enemy in Hebei, it will be clear in a few days, and the refugees in western Liaoning will be handsome "(Zi Jian, Volume 89). Schleswig-Holstein and others were recalled, and Li Hui was appointed as the supervisor of Yi Bei and the prefect of Levin. Ma Yan's foot soldiers dressed in plain clothes served Li Hui Weide and defected one by one. Ma Yan fled in fear and died in the water. Feng? Those who led them to surrender. Since then, refugees have joined Xerox one after another. Xerox was overjoyed and added 1 000 households to Zhang Bin. Zhang Bin's resignation was not accepted.

In the second year of Daxing in Jin Dynasty (3 19 in the second year of Han Dynasty), Zhang Bin, Shi Hu, Zhang Jing and others saw that the time was ripe and demanded that Schleswig formally proclaimed himself emperor, and was ceded by Schleswig. 1 1 month, Zhang Bin signed a letter with Shi Hu,,, Liu, etc. 129 soldiers and civilians, demanding that Schleswig be honored. Schleswig-Holstein accepted this proposal, and acceded to the throne as the Prince of Zhao, and changed the title to the first year of the Prince of Zhao, with Guo Xiang as its capital. Because Liu Yao, the Lord of the Han Dynasty, had previously changed the country name to Zhao, it was called the former Zhao in history. Therefore, it is called the post-Zhao built by Xerox.

Zhang Bin was made a grand marshal, specializing in state affairs. At that time, "Zhang Bin was outstanding, and his ministers were far behind; And honesty and prudence, laughter corporal, screen off private, handsome in the body, into the rules, out of the United States. He was very happy, and in the past dynasties, he often called the son of heaven Hou and dared not be named with his positive posture and simple words "(Zi Jian, Volume 91).

In the first year of Yongchang (322), Zhang Bin died of illness, and Schleswig-posthumous title and Zhang Bin were Sanshou's constant attendants, You Guanglu's doctor and Yitong's third secretary. When he was buried, Xerox sent him to Zhengyangmen, looked at him with tears and said to the left and right, "God's will is none of my business, right? How to seize the early days of my right Hou "(Ji Ji) After taking Cheng Ya as the long history of the right, Schleswig lamented that" it is not cool to keep me for the right, so that I can work with this generation! " (Biography of Zhang Jinshu).

Comments: Zhang Bin is an outstanding representative of counselors in the history of China. According to the history books, his life is "the machine can't be wasted, the strategy can't be exhausted, and the success is also the glory of the guests" ("Zhang Jin's Biography").