Contemporary Yi-ology research

At the beginning of the 20th century, I-ology played before the transformation (1900- 19 19).

In the first 20 years of the 20th century, the New Culture Movement rose. As the traditional cultural center of China, Yi-ology has experienced the alternation of old and new, and entered the prelude period of the transformation of Yi-ology research. Yu Yue, a famous Yi-ology scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, died at 1906. His nine works, such as Yi Guan, Yi Guan Yi Shuo, Shao Yi Bu Yuan, Yi Huan Bian Lun, Zhouyi Mutual Expropriation, and Kao Guaqi on that Day, were soon forgotten. The traditional Confucian classics, which have been brilliant for hundreds of generations, are now a thing of the past. Confucian scholar Pi's comments on Zhouyi in A General Introduction to Confucian Classics represented the authoritative conclusion of scholars in Qing Dynasty, which was quickly overthrown by skepticism and replaced by a brand-new view of Zhouyi. Tang Haizong's Book of Changes (19 10) inherits and develops Zhang Jiebin's thought of the Book of Changes, opens up a new field of the study of the Book of Changes, and plays a connecting role in the study of the Book of Changes.

After the founding of New China, due to the influence of the "Cultural Revolution", people's understanding of Yi-ology was not clear. They often equate Yi-ology with feudal superstition and divination, and even regard it as a forbidden area, and few people study it in depth. After 1980s, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the study of Yi-ology gradually rose. 1984 the first national symposium on Zhouyi was held, which promoted the development of Zhouyi research. Later, China Social Sciences Publishing House published Zhouyi and Modern Natural Science, and Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House published Zhouyi and Natural Science Research, which laid the foundation for the development of Yi-ology culture. 1In August, 990, Anyang Zhouyi Research Association, the first research society of Zhouyi in China, was established, which marked that the study of Zhouyi culture in China entered a brand-new era. Yi-ology gradually developed in China, and influenced and shocked the world. With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, Yi-ology has been recognized by many people of insight, and there are also many people who study Yi-ology. From the white-haired old people to the post-80s and post-90s, and even some China cultural lovers abroad, they have a strong interest in Yi-ology. According to the book Yi-ology, which was initiated by the Chinese Traditional Culture Promotion Association of the Ministry of Culture in 20 12, there are 227 well-known scholars and enthusiasts of Yi-ology. It also systematically shows the research results of the contemporary Yi-ology, and introduces the representative figures of the contemporary Yi-ology in China, such as Shao Weihua, Tang Mingbang, Liao Moxiang, Li Shuyou, Zhang Zhichun, Ceng Shiqiang and other older scholars, including Wei Liang. A large number of young scholars, such as Xie Jinlong, Mao Jie, Zhou and Hou Dianmin, are authoritative dictionaries in the field of contemporary Yi-ology research, and they are also the time verification of Yi-ology research.

Yi Xue

Hangxinzhai is undoubtedly the first outstanding Yi-ology scholar in this period. He was instructed by a famous teacher in prison and had a special understanding of Zhouyi. He is the author of the first and second episodes of Yi Xue's Notes, as well as seven works, such as Reading Yi Tiao Zhi, Yi Wedge and Yi Shu Ou De, which integrates image number and meaning, opens up a new theory of image number change and becomes a pioneer of scientific change. He widely quoted the knowledge of modern western astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology that China people understood at that time, and discussed gossip, river map and gossip in the traditional Yi-ology, trying to integrate ancient and modern philosophy, science and even religious thoughts. Hang Xinzhai's thought of Yi-ology fully embodies the phenomenon of hybridity in the transformation of Yi-ology research, which not only reflects the shallow exchange between Chinese and Western cultures, but also reflects the transformation process of ancient culture.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were still Liu, Ma Qichang, Liao, etc. who showed the remnants of the Qing Dynasty's Yi Studies. Most of their Yi-ology thoughts lacked originality in the cultural revolution and were lost in the voice of the times. In the first 20 years of the 20th century, Yi-ology, like other Confucian classics, faced the fate of historical criticism.

A Preliminary Study on the Transition of the May 4th New Culture Movement (19 19- 1949)

From the May 4th Movement to the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China's traditional culture experienced severe challenges and was severely criticized in the New Culture Movement. The new culture with science and democracy as the core has spread rapidly. The transformation of Yi-ology research is reflected in four aspects.

Humanistic Yi-ology stands out. Influenced by western philosophy and Marxist philosophy, Yi-ology scholars abandoned the tradition of interpreting Confucian classics in feudal times and began to study Zhouyi with the viewpoints and methods of modern western philosophy and Marxist philosophy, which is refreshing. The philosophy of Yi-ology at that time was generally divided into two branches.

Feng Youlan and his History of China Philosophy (1930- 1933) are the first people to study Zhouyi from the perspective of modern western philosophy. He analyzed the philosophy of Zhouyi with positivism and introduced the philosophy of Zhouyi into college classrooms. The philosophy of Zhouyi is impressive. Zhu's Philosophy of Zhouyi (1923) uses the Yin-Yang theory of Zhouyi to explore the unique movement and change of cosmic life. Wu Kang's Outline of the Book of Changes (1938) and Jia Fengzhen's Philosophy of the Book of Changes (194 1) both use the principles and figures of the Book of Changes to discuss the eternity of the movement of the universe. Reveal the ancient social life reflected by the hexagrams in Zhouyi. The similarity between them lies in adhering to the western academic viewpoint and attaching importance to China's ancient world view contained in Zhouyi.

Studying the Book of Changes with Marxist philosophical viewpoints and methods has become a new direction since the May Fourth Movement, which is actually a pioneering period for studying the Book of Changes with scientific methods. Guo Moruo's Social Life in Zhouyi Times (1927) and Zhouyi Making Times (written in 1935) are pioneering works to study Zhouyi with Marxist philosophy, which are quite influential in academic circles. He first revealed the social life of China slave society, such as fishing and hunting, animal husbandry, business travel, farming, crafts and so on, which was reflected in the hexagrams in Zhouyi. Su's Zhouyi Huitong (1934) and Jin's Yitong (194 1) also analyzed the philosophical thought of Zhouyi with historical materialism and materialist dialectics. Carry forward the spirit of democracy and social innovation. With their efforts, the theoretical study of Zhouyi has adapted to the cultural thought of new democracy. Prove Yi with history, and open up new horizons of Yi-ology research. This is another new direction of Zhouyi research. Gu Jiegang's stories in Zhouyi Guayi Ci (1926) and the phenomenal stories in Zhouyi Cohesion Biography (1930) studied Zhouyi by archaeological methods, and demonstrated its author and generation time, leaving behind the research methods of Confucian classics for thousands of years. Hu Pu 'an's View on the Ancient History of Zhouyi (1942) and Xu Shida's Interpretation of Zhouyi (1947) try to capture the shadow of history from the divinatory symbols in Zhouyi and prove the cultural connotation of the divinatory symbols in Zhouyi with historical events. Their ideas are broad, but they also have many attachments.

Yi Xue exegesis is unique. This book, Zhouyi, is very big, and it is difficult for you to understand. Yu, Wen Yiduo, etc. This paper attempts to make textual research on the famous things and folk customs involved in the hexagrams in Zhouyi by combining the knowledge of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and ancient philology, and holds that Zhouyi was written for himself. Yu's New Records of Zhouyi (1937), Wen Yiduo's Collection of Zhouyi (194 1), Zhouyi Ancient Classics's General Theory (1943) and The Name and Nature of Zhouyi; In the production era, the economic life, social life and ancient customs reflected in hexagrams are studied and annotated according to ancient Chinese characters and documents. They don't pay much attention to images and numbers, and they don't give lectures. They only worked hard on exegesis and historical events, paving the way for later scholars.

Science is fragile and enlightening. This is the new development of Yi-ology in the 20th century. Influenced by Leibniz, Bohr and other famous foreign scientists, China thought that a few modern scientists, first of all, expounded the ideas of Yi-ology with the achievements of modern natural science, and also explained some principles of modern science with the images of Yi-ology, which produced unprecedented scientific works of Yi-ology and opened up a brand-new field for the study of Yi-ology. Shen's Yi Gua and Algebraic Laws (1924) and Yi Gua and Science (1934) became the pioneering works of science Yi. He believes that every hexagram in Zhouyi, like a formula in algebraic geometry, plays a magical role in physics and astronomy. His works are published in English, which has little influence in China. Guo's The Book of Changes and Quantum Mechanics of Matter Waves (1937) and Super Relativity (the popular version of the previous book, 1964, when it was republished in Taiwan Province, it was renamed "New Explanation of Mathematical Sciences of the Book of Changes") had great influence. This book boils down the principle of Yi-ology to the evolution law of Yi-gua phalanx. It is considered that Einstein's theory of relativity, Dirac's square matrix arithmetic, and the laws of matter wave and quantum mechanics can all conform to the square matrix law. As soon as the book was published, it caused great repercussions in the academic and scientific circles of Yi. He advocated: "I hope today's scholars study the Book of Changes, seek physics, and those who study physics seek gossip." Taking science lightly has become a common practice, and the cover began at this time.

In the middle of the 20th century, after thirty years of silence (1949- 1979) and 1949, I critically inherited the traditional ideology and culture. It was not until the early 1960s that there was an academic discussion about Zhouyi in academic circles. Professor Feng Youlan from Philosophy Department of Peking University. The first papers published in the Book of Changes, namely, Philosophical Thoughts of the Book of Changes (1960) and Philosophical Thoughts of the Book of Changes (196 1). Later, Ren, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li and Li all responded in succession, which set off the age when Zhouyi was written. Academic discussion on the essence and philosophical thought of Zhouyi. 196 1 year, Li Jingchun published the philosophy of Zhouyi and its dialectical factors, and then published a sequel (1963). Gao Feng also published Essays on Zhouyi (1962) and Zhouyi Ancient Classics Notes (1962). Since 1963. The discussion of Yijing turned to the methodology of Yijing research. On the pretext of opposing the modernization of Zhouyi, some figures deliberately led academic discussions to the criticism of political thoughts and spread ultra-left thoughts, which quickly led to the premature death of this Zhouyi discussion and left a very bad ideological influence. Originally, during the discussion of the Book of Changes, scholars were preparing to sort out and publish their academic works, such as Shang's Book of Changes, compiled in 1963, and Li Ruidi's Book of Changes, also compiled in 1963. Before it was published, it was suppressed until the 1980s. 1975, Gao Feng's Biography of Zhouyi was published, which was the representative work of this period. Due to the influence of the ultra-left trend of thought in academic circles, scholars adhere to the principle of "hidden dragon crouching tiger, not for use", and the study of Yi ology has actually formed a situation of silence for 30 years. Some scholars are still working hard. Xiong Shili's Gan Yankun was published in 196 1, but it has no influence in academic circles. What deserves attention in this period is the Silk Book of Changes unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha in 1973. However, it was not until 12 years later that the collation and research results of the silk book Zhouyi were made public, and there was no research upsurge at that time.

In the late 20th century, Yi-ology flourished unprecedentedly (1979- 1999).

In 1980s, the study of Yi-ology unexpectedly ushered in unprecedented prosperity. 1984 the first China Zhouyi academic seminar was held in Wuhan, and 1987 the first international Zhouyi academic seminar was held in Jinan, which set off a "Zhouyi fever" at home and abroad. The ranks of Yi-ology are constantly expanding, the Zhouyi Society and research institutions are springing up like mushrooms after rain, books and publications of Yi-ology are published one after another, and academic seminars are held many times a year, and the study of Yi-ology is constantly exploring new fields. The prosperity of Yi-ology is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

First, the book of changes is translated today, and a hundred flowers blossom.

In the past ten years, the Book of Changes has been translated and annotated to this day, and it has been constantly renovated. Li's Zhouyi (198 1), Xu Zhirui's New Notes on Zhouyi (1984) and Zhouyi Ancient Classics's Today's Notes (1984 reprint) are the earliest annotated translations, which provide much-needed reading materials for the study of Yi. During the period of 1987, two new annotated versions were published: Song Zuoyin's Annotations and Textual Research on Zhouyi and Sha Shaohai's Simplified Interpretation of Yi Gua. Since then, with the development of Zhouyi fever, a series of new annotation versions have appeared, including Huang Shouqi and Zhang Shanwen's Annotation of Zhouyi (1989), Jin's Complete Interpretation of Zhouyi (1989) and Zhou's Annotation of Zhouyi (19655). This annotation translation greatly improves the depth and accuracy of annotations, and reflects the new level of the study of Zhouyi. Liu Dajun and Lin's Vernacular Interpretation (1989), Gao Zhanquan's Zhouyi and Feng Shui, Zhouyi Vernacular Interpretation (1993), Xu Yuhong's Complete Translation of Zhouyi (19 1) and Deng Qiubai's Vernacular Interpretation.

There are many translated versions of Zhouyi, some of which are good at textual research, some are good at exegesis and some are good at theoretical analysis, which creates a new style of annotation of Zhouyi and explains the ideological and cultural connotation of Zhouyi from multiple disciplines and angles.

Second, humanities are prone to unprecedented prosperity. Since the May 4th Movement, the philosophy of Zhouyi has been highly valued. Feng Youlan called Zhouyi's philosophy "the algebra of the universe" full of dialectical thinking in his speech on behalf of the master at the first China Zhouyi academic seminar. The first outstanding "Zhouyi fever" is the philosophical thought of Zhouyi. Zhang Liwen's Study on the Thought of Zhouyi (1980), Lv Shaogang's Interpretation of Zhouyi (19 1), Zhang Xiangping's Thinking of Yi with People (1992), Zhi Luo's Yi Cultural Tradition and National Thinking Mode (. Leo Lee's Thinking and Logic of Zhouyi (1994) focuses on the logic of Zhouyi's theoretical system. People are no longer satisfied with making an idealistic or materialistic judgment on the philosophy of Zhouyi, but deeply explore the national thinking method and its characteristics inspired by Zhouyi, and explore the inherent characteristics of its natural philosophy, historical philosophy and logical thinking. The aesthetic thought of Zhouyi has always been attached great importance. Liu Gangji's Aesthetics of the Book of Changes (1992), Wang Zhenfu's Aesthetic Wisdom of the Book of Changes (1997) and Liu Gangji and Fan Minghua's The Book of Changes and Aesthetics (1997) have developed the aesthetic thoughts of the Book of Changes and filled the gaps in the Book of Changes.

Scholars have made a multi-disciplinary, multi-angle and multi-faceted examination and analysis of the position and function of Zhouyi in China traditional culture. Liu Dajun's Introduction to Zhouyi (1986), Song Zuoyin's New Theory of Zhouyi (1982), Wang Zhenfu's Witchcraft: Cultural Wisdom of Zhouyi (1990), Guo Shusen and Zhang Jiliang's The Source of Avenue-Zhouyi and China Culture (Guo Shusen Taiji Thinking and Modern Management by Cheng Zhenqing and He (1993), Zhoubaorong's Zhouyi and Modern Economic Science (1989), Duan Changshan's Zhouyi and Modern Management Science (199 1) and Yu Dunkang's.

The practical value of Zhouyi and Yi-ology to modernization has become the central topic in the study of Yi-ology in the new period. Many academic seminars in Anyang, Lushan and Xi 'an have discussed this in depth. Liu Dajun edited The Great Change Integration (199 1), The Great Change Set Solution (1994), The Great Change Set Solution (1998) and Duan Changshan edited The Book of Changes and Modernization (/kloc-0). In particular, the research center of Yi-ology culture of Beijing Normal University has played a great role in the dissemination and promotion of Yi-ology, which is remarkable.

Yi Xue

At the beginning of 1973, the silk book Yijing was unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, and sixty-four hexagrams were published in 1984 cultural relics. At the same time, Zhang Zheng *' s Sixty-four Diagrams and Postscripts on Silk and Yu Haoliang's Book of Changes on Silk (1984) were published, which attracted great attention at home and abroad. Deng Qiubai's Notes on the Book of Changes on silk (1987), The Notes on the Book of Changes on silk (1992) and A Brief Comment on the Book of Changes on Korean silk (1997) are the first batch of academic research achievements. After 65,438+00 years, the silk book Biography of Zhouyi began to appear. Chen Guying edited the third series (65,438+0993) and the sixth series (65,438+0995) of Taoist Cultural Studies, and Zhu Bokun edited the first series (65,438+0995) of International Yi Studies, which was published publicly. Since then, Zhang Dainian, Zong Yi, Yan Lingfeng, Zhu Bo *, Zhang Zheng *, Li Xueqin, Yu Dunkang, Chen Guying, Liao Mingchun, Zhang Tao, etc. One after another published papers, which set off a new climax of the research on the silk book Zhouyi. Shao Yishu (1998) by Shao discusses the content, structure, the date of completion, the characteristics of hexagram sequence and its academic origin. 1994, Zhouyi on Chu bamboo slips was discovered and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 2003. For proofreading, please refer to the collation of Sixin Ding's Chu Bamboo Book and Han Silk Book Zhouyi.

In the 1980s. 1980, the Archaeological Journal published the bronze inscription of Zhouyi at the beginning of the week, and 1984 provided the paper of China Yijing held in Wuhan. Yi Bian —— In recent years, based on archaeological materials, this paper discusses the summary of the Book of Changes, and puts forward the problem of "digital hexagrams" for the first time, arguing that the eight diagrams symbols should follow the digital symbols recorded in ancient times. Xu Xitai and Han published papers to expound this view. It opens up a new research direction for the origin of gossip.

Third, science can easily change the military process.

The connection between Zhouyi and modern natural science has been deeply discussed by many contemporary scientists, trying to find the subtle enlightenment of modern scientific methods from Yi-ology thinking. Dong Guangbi's Mathematical Structure (1987), Zhouyi and Modern Natural Science (1990), Qiu Lianghui's Zhouyi and Natural Science Research (1993) and Xu's View on Zhouyi Science (/kloc- , and focuses on Tai Chi thinking and the concept of Yin and Yang in Zhouyi. The enlightenment of symmetry principle and complementary principle to modern scientific thinking method shows the scientific value of Zhouyi, a "cosmic algebra". At the same time, Jiang Guoliang's Zhouyi Principles and Ancient Science and Technology (1990), Wu Enpu's Zhouyi-China Ancient World Schema (1988), Huang Shouqi and Zhang Shanwen's Selected Papers on Zhouyi Research (1990) and Liu Zhenxiu.

Zhouyi is closely related to traditional medicine and health preservation in China. He has held many academic seminars on Zhouyi and traditional Chinese medicine. Zou and Zou's The Book of Changes in China (1987), Yang Li's Zhouyi and Traditional Chinese Medicine (1989), Li Junchuan and Xiao Hanming's Yitong (19 1), Liu Jie and China Zhouyi and China's traditional geomantic omen. Academic seminars on Zhouyi and geomantic culture have been held for many times. Shao's works, such as The Law of Fashion and Healthy Life (1999), Yi Shu (1998) and Traditional Geomantic and Modern Architecture, have comprehensively discussed the Yi-ology thought and modern architectural geomantic planning.

Yi Xue

There are many supporters and participants, and there are also many critics. Dong Guangbi's Outline of the History of Yi-ology (1993) gives a correct definition of Yi-ology and Yi-ology, discusses the three peaks of Yi-ology and China science, analyzes the predicament of Yi-ology, and puts forward new viewpoints such as the scientific reconstruction of Yi-ology.

Fourth, the number of images is easy to recover, and the history of Yi-ology is open.

Before the 1980 s, Xiang had been left out in the cold. In addition to Shang's special research on Yi Xiang, many studies by Yi Xue scholars show that their research is not as good as elephant number. Righteousness is easy to be promoted, and image number is easy to be ignored. After the 1980s, the situation changed gradually. Except some scientists, scholars have been engaged in the study of Zhouyi. Qian Shiming's Xiang Tong Shuo (1989), Lin's History of Xiang Yi Xue, and Liu Dajun's Study of Xiang Yi Xue, the first episode (1994), the second episode (1996), the first episode (1. Yi Tu has also received special attention. Ouyang Hong's A New Theory of Yi Tu (1996) and Li Shen's The Book of Changes and Yi Tu (1997) made a thorough study of Guo Yi, and correctly evaluated Yi Tu's role and value in the development of Yi-ology.

In the academic atmosphere of relaxed humanity, relaxed science and relaxed image, the history of Yi-ology began to be valued and made gratifying achievements. Zhu Bo's History of the Book of Changes (1986- 1989) makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the development of the philosophy of the Book of Changes, paving the way for the study of the history of the Book of Changes and setting an example. Liao Mingchun's Study History of Zhouyi (199 1) and Zheng Wangeng's Origin of Zhouyi (1997) also briefly discussed the development of Zhouyi. Li Xueqin's Biography of the Book of Changes (199 1) and Wang Xingye's Exploration of the Three Graves (1998) give people profound enlightenment.

The study of famous figures in the history of the Book of Changes has also begun. A study of the Book of Changes on Chuanshan by Xiao Hanming (1987), Comments on Zhou Dunyi by Liang (1994), Comments on Fang Jing (1998) and Comments on Shao Yong by Shao (1998).

Fifthly, Zhouyi Dictionary is a magnificent sight.

Before 1980s, there was no Zhouyi dictionary in China history. With the rise of "Zhouyi fever", there are more and more Zhouyi lovers, and people generally demand to compile a reliable Zhouyi dictionary to meet the urgent needs of beginners and researchers. Various dictionaries of Zhouyi came into being. Several dictionaries came out almost at the same time. Xiao Yuan's Zhouyi Dictionary, Lv Shaogang's Zhouyi Dictionary, Zhang Qicheng's Zhouyi Dictionary and Zhang Shanwen's Zhouyi Dictionary were all published in 1992. Ren Hua and Lu Shu both edited A Dictionary of the Book of Changes (1993), Zhu Bo edited An Introduction to the Book of Changes (1993) and Zhang Qicheng edited The Application Encyclopedia of the Book of Changes (1994), which provided Yi-learning knowledge for Yi-learning enthusiasts and researchers, and filled the dictionary history and Yi-learning. At the beginning of the new century, Yuan Dongfeng, a teacher from Chengde, Hebei Province, devoted himself to exploring Yi-ology, using comprehensive research on mathematics, philosophy and Chinese studies, and wrote Yuan Dongfeng's Talks on Chinese Studies and Yi-ology, most of which combined traditional culture with Yi-ology.