Liuyong introduced.

Liu Yong is a famous "Liu Luo Guo Er", because he is an official "loyal to the monarch, loves the people and is clean" and is deeply loved by the people. The story about him is widely circulated. Contemporary film and television playwrights also knew the people's desire for honesty, so Liu Yong became one of the ministers with the highest "photogenic rate" in the Qing Dynasty (the other two were Xiao Shenyang and Ji Xiaolan). Under the playwright's arrangement, he became sworn enemies with Xiao Shenyang, a big corrupt official, and told the judge about it. Small Shenyang always seems clumsy in front of him, and he often outsmarts himself and tries to figure out others. Emperor Qianlong loved and hated him, and he was a little helpless. This figure has placed too many ideals and aspirations on the people of China. He is the embodiment of wisdom and justice. Even his Luoguo not only makes people feel ugly, but also becomes his signature feature. In fact, Liu Yong on the screen and Liu Yong in history do not completely coincide, and there are many places from the playwright's imagination from the image to the deeds.

To answer this question, we must first understand the criteria for selecting officials in the Qing Dynasty.

In feudal society, the selection of officials has always been based on "body, speech, writing and judgment". The so-called body, that is, figure, needs to have correct facial features and good looks, otherwise it is difficult to establish official prestige. The so-called words, that is, clear words, otherwise it will hinder the handling of things. The so-called book means that the words should be written neatly and beautifully, which is conducive to the superior to read the report he wrote. The so-called judgment means quick thinking and clear judgment, otherwise it will ruin your career.

Among these four standards, "body" ranks first and is the most important. Because the outlook is relevant, I can't help but emphasize it.

Liu Yong, who is trained by training, must have the four qualities of "teaching by example" in order to pass the customs smoothly. Therefore, it is almost certain that Liu Yong will not be a "trap". As early as 1996, Mr. Wang once wrote a special article "Liu Yong's nickname test" in Jinghua Evening News, pointing out this point.

There is also a circumstantial evidence that can explain some problems from the side. According to the system at that time, those who failed in three subjects should also "pick" one subject. This subject does not test articles, but only reads. The standard is "the same celestial officer, the same body and the same spirit", and the shape and appearance are represented by glyphs. "Tong" refers to a square face, "Tian" refers to a square face, "Guan" refers to a person with a big head and a straight body, and "Sun" refers to a person with a straight body, a moderate height and obesity. The above four words are good words, and those that match may be selected; "Body" means that the body is not straight, "A" means that the fingers are big and the body is small, "Qi" means that the shoulders are towering, and "You" means that the fingers are small and the body is big. These four words are bad words. If you touch one, you will lose the election. It can be seen that the election officials in the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the appearance of candidates, so Liu Yong was not physically disabled even if he was not handsome.

Of course, the title of "Liu" also has a reason. According to historical records, Emperor Jiaqing once called Liu Yong "short and fat Liu", which shows that he did have a hunchback. However, Liu Yong was already 80 years old at that time, and it was inevitable that he would hunch over, which is understandable. It is inaccurate to think that Liu Yong was a "Luo State" when he was young.

Visible, from the image point of view, Liu Yong in history is not consistent with Liu Yong in folklore and literary works. Then, from the point of view of being an official, is Liu Yong in history as incorruptible and capable as described by playwrights, not afraid of power, and can really play a corrupt official like Xiao Shenyang in his palm, taking his time in front of Emperor Qianlong?

Liu Yong was born in the Liu family in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. This family was a noble family at that time, and many people embarked on their careers through the imperial examination. Liu Yong's great-grandfather, Liu Bixian, was a scholar during the Shunzhi period. His grandfather, Liu Zhuo, was a famous minister in the Kangxi Dynasty, and his father, Liu Tongxun, was a famous minister. He is a university student and minister of military aircraft in Dongge, and he is honest and resolute for the official. Emperor Qianlong said that he was "prepared for danger in times of peace, natural in toughness, and won the reputation of an ancient minister without losing his integrity."

Liu Yong grew up in such a family. He is a scholar and proud of being an official in the imperial examination. Needless to say, he received a good education from an early age. Later, he became the deputy curator of Siku Quanshu Museum, which also proved his profound knowledge. But for some reason, Liu Yong, who is proficient in imperial examinations, has been slow to come. At least, there is no record of him taking the imperial examination before he was 30 years old. Until the 16th year of Qianlong (175 1), 33-year-old Liu Yong took part in the senior high school entrance examination and palace examination in those years as a benefactor because of his father, and was born a scholar, so he changed to take an examination of Jishi Shu in imperial academy. Jishi Shu of the Imperial Academy is the preparatory qualification of the Imperial Academy. Generally, scholars with outstanding scientific research achievements are selected and then studied in ordinary museums. Those who pass the examination at the expiration of the period shall be awarded the editor by the Hanlin Academy. Although the salary of Hanlin in the Qing Dynasty was low, as a courtier near the emperor, he was called a "noble man". "There was Zaifu in the Qing Dynasty, so he chose this place". Moreover, if a minister wants to get the word "Wen" given by the emperor after his death, he must be an academician. Therefore, in the Qing dynasty, people who entered the imperial examination, especially those who were born in Hanlin. It should be said that Liu Yong made a good start in his career.

From the twenty-first year of Qianlong (1756), Liu Yong was released as a local official, and for most of the next 20 years, he mainly worked as a local official, from studying politics to being a magistrate to being a governor. During his time as a local official, he basically inherited his father Liu Tongxun's honest, capable and resolute style. We have done our best to rectify the shortcomings accumulated in the examination room and the bad habits in officialdom, and have done a lot of practical things for the people. "Zhucheng County Records" praised him: "Sharpen the wind festival, be honest and upright, become a scholar and magistrate, refuse to pay bribes, dare to act boldly, have no scruples, and fear the wind wherever you go." At the same time, he spared no effort to carry out the will of Emperor Qianlong, searched for banned books, carried out literary prisons, seized the country, and actively pursued the policy of cultural coercion.

Liu Yong is the magistrate of Anhui province and Jiangsu province. The prefect is the education chief of a province, similar to the current director of education, but the difference is that the educational administration is not controlled by the local governor and conducts various affairs independently, and the governor's officials cannot infringe on his position. Only under special circumstances can the governor temporarily take charge of his own affairs when he leaves office. If you study politics, you can also write directly to the emperor, reflecting local conditions and managing people's customs.

Before Liu Yong went to Anhui to take office, Emperor Qianlong specially summoned him and presented him with poems, including the phrase "Hai Dai Gao's, Yingzhou New Hanlin", which meant that Liu Yong hoped to live up to the lintel and make contributions. Before Emperor Qianlong became a political scholar in Jiangsu, he also gave each other poems, which shows that he had high hopes for Liu Yong. Liu Yong is also responsible for his mission and is very serious. According to "Notes of the Qing Dynasty", "In the past, Liu Shi 'an studied Chinese studies in Jiangsu, which was serious and severe, and many people were afraid. "Liu Yong studied politics as a prefect in Jiangsu twice, nearly 20 years apart, and his style of doing things for officials has changed from strict and rigid to peaceful and soothing, but seriousness is consistent. Take Yangzhou as an example, when Liu Yong went to Jiangsu as a student for the second time. Because of strict control, many people who want to cheat and muddle through are afraid to enter in the end.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong (1769), Liu Yong, aged 5 1 year, was awarded the magistrate of Jiangning. From the 16th year of Qianlong (175 1), it has been 18 years since Liu Yong's official career. Speaking of it, Liu Yong's official career is not smooth. As early as when he was editing in the Imperial Academy, his father, Liu Tongxun, was convicted for some things, and Liu Yong was dismissed by the collective punishment and imprisoned with his brothers. After that, Liu Yong was released to Anhui and Jiangsu to study politics. Because of his outstanding performance, he was appreciated by Emperor Qianlong and became the magistrate of Taiyuan Prefecture in Shanxi Province. Liu Tongxun, the father of Liu Yong, went to Shanxi in the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757) to investigate and handle the case of Jiang Zhou, the special envoy, invading the Tang Dynasty. In the twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759), he went to Shaanxi to investigate and deal with the case of invading the Tang Dynasty, and his reputation was good. Liu Yong is also a great trust. A few days after he took office, he cleared up the difficult cases left by his predecessor and won unanimous praise from the government and the people. Just when Liu Yong moved to Jining Road with his political achievements, the former magistrate in Yangqu County, Shanxi Province was successfully dismissed, and Liu Yong almost lost his life because of oversight. Later, the court gave him the grace to go to the military platform to atone for a year, and then returned to Beijing to spend two years in an idle institution called the "Book Repair Office". It can be seen that during this period, Liu Yong's official career was not so "prosperous".

Liu Yong was able to become the magistrate of Jiangning after a felony, but was moved by his father. At this time, Liu Tongxun Sheng Zhenglong was in charge of the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Punishment as a university student, and was relied on by Emperor Qianlong as the minister of thighs and arms. Therefore, on the occasion of Liu Tongxun's seventieth birthday in the thirty-third year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong not only wrote a letter of congratulations, but also granted Liu Yong the title of magistrate. The following year, Liu Yong was awarded the magistrate of jiangning house.

Liu Yong also cherishes this opportunity. "It is famous for its honesty and respect. Women are not satisfied with its taste and friendship, and even compare it with Bao Xiaosu." The Gong Liu Case, written in the early years of Jiaqing, is mainly based on the story of Liu Yong's solution and decision-making for the people when he was a magistrate in Jiangning. Although it must be mixed with the storyteller's imagination exaggeration and hearsay, it is not necessarily a true record, but it shows that Liu Yong did have political achievements and the right to speak in Jiangning magistrate in just one year, and he is a rare and talented official. The famous poet Yuan Mei once praised Liu Yong in a poem, saying, "When I first heard about Danyang, I was short of money as an official. A small wind blows for a year, and the wind is extremely old and young. Take the lead, suffering will save people. Anti-upper shoulder cover sleeves. " That is to say, after Liu Yong arrived in Jiangning, he was strict with his subordinates, making them afraid to show off, caring about the people, incompatible with each other, afraid of offending their superiors and suffering the people.

Since then, Liu Yongli has moved to Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Jiangsu, and in the forty-five years of Qianlong (1780), Liu Yong was conferred as the governor of Hunan, the full name of which was the governor of Hunan and other places, and he was the prefect of military affairs, towns and towns, in charge of salaries, in Changsha, and in charge of military and political affairs, thus becoming a veritable government official.

During his tenure in Hunan, Liu Yong continued his previous style, checking warehouses, repairing city walls, rectifying bureaucracy and suppressing rebellion. In less than two years, Liu Yong's achievements can be described as remarkable. "Biography of Qing History" said that he: "After taking office, he inspected warehouses, surveyed and repaired city walls, got rid of bad habits of family members in the province, paid money for victims in Wugang and other counties, and prepared for the exploitation of nitrate in granary valleys. All cases were inspected and requested, and orders were approved. " It lists all the major events it has done. Hunan Tongzhi also praised Liu Yong's "convenience" when he visited Hunan.

In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong, Liu Yifeng was transferred back to Beijing as an imperial adviser of Zuodu, and was ordered to go to the south study room. At that time, small Shenyang was very hot, and Liu Yong "pretended to be a snake in the meantime, just to be funny and pleasing." This shows the other side of Liu Yong as a man and an official. Liu Yong is a scholar-bureaucrat with a sense of social responsibility and an official middleman. He should also act according to the rules of officialdom, including dealing with the smooth avoidance of superiors and colleagues. Generally speaking, when he is an official in the local area and can be independent, he is mainly honest and upright. "At one time, he was called Yamaraja Bao Lao"; After entering Beijing, I happened to meet a favorite of Xiao Shenyang when he was in Qianlong. He was good at authoritarianism and repelling dissidents. Liu Yong had to be silent and self-controlled and take a funny attitude.

Liu Yonggang has been in Beijing for several years, and his career has been smooth sailing. He is a co-organizer of college students, an official department official and a master in the study room. He also handled a difficult case during this period. The client of this case, Cathay Pacific, is the governor of Shandong Province, and his father, Wen Shu, the governor of Sichuan Province, is Liu Yong's old superior. Crucially, the backstage of Cathay Pacific is Little Shenyang, the red man of Emperor Qianlong.

In April of the forty-seventh year of Qianlong, Qian Feng, an imperial envoy, illegally invaded Guotai, the governor of Shandong Province, and plundered money in the name of paying tribute to the emperor. Dozens of subordinate counties such as Licheng and Yidu have a serious warehouse deficit. Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to this matter and instructed Xiao Shenyang and Liu Yong to go to check with Qian Feng.

Guotai, a native of Zhengbaiqi, Manchuria, surnamed Fu Cha. Cathay Pacific has a close relationship with Shenyang. Therefore, Xiao Shenyang immediately sent his family to report that he would investigate Cathay Pacific, which gave Cathay Pacific time to misappropriate other funds to make up for the deficit. On the way to Shandong, Xiao Shenyang threatened Qian Feng with words. According to Qian Yong's Lu Yuan Cong Hua, Liu Yong knew the relationship between Xiao Shenyang and Cathay Pacific, so he often discussed countermeasures with Qian Feng. After arriving in Licheng County, Shandong Province, Xiao Shenyang said that he didn't need to check thoroughly, just check dozens of warehouses, and got up and went back to his residence first. Qian Feng asked that the library should be closed first and opened completely the next day. As a result, it was found that the silver in the garage was "multi-round and variegated silver". Through cross-examination, the shopkeeper learned that the silver was borrowed from various shops to make up for it. As a result, a notice was sent asking all shops to claim it. "Shout: If you come late, you will be sealed and keep the official." So merchants came to claim it, and the treasure was empty.

In this matter, Liu Yong always supported Qian Feng, and his attitude played a vital role in the final clarification of the case. Obviously, while supporting Qian Feng, Liu Yong also offended Shenyang. It can be seen from this incident that Liu Yong still has his integrity.

In the following years, Liu Yong always seemed to be accused of making mistakes, and Gan Long was obviously dissatisfied with him. At the beginning of the fifty-second year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was not only reprimanded, but also lost his position as a university student because he leaked his conversation with Emperor Qianlong about Ji Huang and ZHI.

In August of the fifty-second year of Qianlong, Qianlong entrusted Liu Yong to preside over the sacrifice in the Confucian Temple. Because he did not perform the prescribed bow ceremony, he was illegally joined by Qing Debao of Taichang Temple.

In the summer of Qianlong fifty-three years, Liu Yong returned to imperial academy. After having obtained the provincial examination, the students were fed to the official and impeached by Zhu Delin. As a result, Liu Yong was punished. From the end of February to the beginning of March in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, the teachers in charge of the prince's education in the study room were not paid because of the rainy weather. Emperor Qianlong was very angry when he learned of this situation. At that time, Liu Yong, the co-organizer of the university, the minister of the official department and the director of the study room, was severely punished and reduced to assistant minister, no longer working part-time in the south study room. Emperor Qianlong also made an imperial edict specifically for this purpose, to the effect that Liu Yong was the son of Liu Tongxun, a university student, and remembered that Liu Tongxun had served in the imperial court for many years, so he used it to give Liu Yong grace. Liu Yong is diligent in his official duties, but he is no longer serious when he is a scholar. It is normal to be a governor in Hunan. Going to Beijing is history, and doing things is even more ambiguous. I was very accommodating and didn't condemn him. I thought he would appreciate his kindness and work hard. I don't want to happen that Liu Yong has turned a deaf ear to the masters who have been absent from work for seven days. He also said that Liu Yong could not be conscientious in everything, but was disloyal to the country and unfilial to his father. His fault is too great to be forgiven. It should be said that the wording is quite harsh.

In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong, Liu Yong was the examiner of that year. Because of improper arrangement and sloppy marking, many papers are illegal and unqualified. According to the regulations, liuyong and others should be fined at least 10 years. Although Emperor Qianlong was lenient, Liu Yong was still a "hell to pay".

In the first year of Jiaqing, due to the long-term vacancy of the post of university student, Senior Minister Gao Dong of the Ministry of Finance was hired as a university student, while Liu Yong with deeper qualifications was excluded. Moreover, in the imperial edict, Liu Yong was once again criticized as "never willing to do solid things". For example, the emperor asked Liu Yong if Dai Shiyi, the newly elected magistrate, was competent. As a result, Liu Yong was "fair". Dai is very mediocre and incompetent. It can be seen that Liu Yong does not attach importance to the selection of civil servants on weekdays, but only perfunctory with ambiguous words. Ask him to "introspect, benefit and be ashamed."

In the second year of Jiaqing, Liu Yong was awarded a bachelor's degree in Renge, but he still accused him of "always refusing to be practical and walking lazily" and said that "I was promoted to this position and there was no one", which shows his evaluation. Of course, the above two letters in the early years of Jiaqing still represent the opinions of Emperor Qianlong.

Liu Yong seems to be a different person. He can't see the edges and corners of life, and he can't see the diligence of doing things. During this period, Liu Yong showed more comical and sleek sophistication. According to the notes of the Qing dynasty, when eating at the Ministry of War, some colleagues mentioned the story of the prime minister eating in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Liu Yong immediately said, "But if the people don't have temple dung, why don't they have a meal with the Prime Minister?" One is to spray rice on it.

The reason why Liu Yong took pains to list all kinds of "misdeeds" during his official career in the DPRK is to discuss the same person. Why is there such a big difference?

We believe that, fundamentally speaking, it was determined by the political climate of the imperial court at that time.

There is a meaningful detail in the TV series Prime Minister Liu: Q, are you a loyal minister or a traitor? Small Shenyang replied: I don't want to be a loyal minister or a traitor. What I want to do is to make you happy and make you happy. As a result, Gan Long was satisfied with Xiao Shenyang's answer. This plot is probably just an imagination of the screenwriter, but it should be said that the playwright's grasp of Qianlong's mentality is relatively accurate.

Emperor Qianlong had a theory that there was no official in this dynasty. He said that there were no famous officials or treacherous officials in this dynasty because of the purge of court discipline. The purpose of his saying this is to give all the glory to the Lord, and all the things that ministers do to benefit the people are out of the will of the Lord. Therefore, he ordered to ban activities that made officials famous, such as building monuments for local officials and giving umbrellas to everyone. The elderly Qianlong is even more complacent, showing off his "peerless martial arts", and his desire for power and vanity are expanding day by day. At this time, he doesn't need a famous minister around him, just a slave who is loyal to his duties and takes the right and wrong of the emperor as his right and wrong.

In addition, at that time, the imperial court was surrounded by gangs, and small Shenyang was playing politics, colluding with its henchmen, controlling state affairs and excluding dissidents, so it was difficult for upright people to make a difference. Cao Xibao suggested trying to punish Liu Quan, a slave of Xiao Shenyang. As a result, he was framed and dismissed. So it's not hard to understand why Liu Yong did something beneficial and harmful when he was an official in the local area, but when he was around the emperor, he did nothing but Nuo Nuo. Perhaps from the perspective of adapting to the rules of officialdom and protecting himself, it is not necessarily unwise for Liu Yong to make such a small mistake, which has been repeatedly criticized and ruined.

At that time, many people were funny officials. For example, Zhu Gui, the teacher of Jiaqing Emperor, is also the same. It is said that every time his favorite pupil and old official came to visit him in his later years, what he said was nothing to do with politics, all humorous words.

These officials, who are known for their integrity, are still so, and the official atmosphere at that time can be seen. Emperor Qianlong was so clever that ministers had to play dumb; Emperor Qianlong's reputation is so good that ministers have to be "mediocre" This is reminiscent of the relationship between Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and Xiao He. Xiao He, as the first hero of the Han Dynasty, helped Liu Bang win the world, continued to be conscientious and honest, and gained excellent reputation among the people. This made Liu Bang very uneasy, so he made an excuse to arrest Xiao He. Although he remembered the old love and finally released Xiao He, Xiao He learned his lesson after he was released from prison and no longer cared about his reputation. He also did something about enclosure and corruption. The people have great opinions. Some people complained to Liu Bang, but Liu Bang laughed it off and stopped pursuing it.

On December 25, Jiaqing nine years, Liu Yong died at his home in Shilu Hutong, Beijing, at the age of 86. On the day of his death, he went to the south study room to be on duty, hosted a banquet at night, and "stayed up late to die". According to Xiao Ting Miscellanies, when Liu Yong died, he said that his nose was drooping for more than an inch, which coincides with the Buddhist meaning of being good at liberation. In any case, Liu Yong died without disease, died without regret, and completed his merits.