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The earliest Book of Changes is only a book of divination, which is different from the handed down version in four points.

If ancient history is the most mysterious classic, I believe many friends will choose the Book of Changes. Although Shan Hai Jing is mysterious enough, its influence in ancient times has not been high. Unlike the Book of Changes, which can be ranked among the Five Classics, some classical scholars in ancient China even listed it as the first of the Five Classics. So, what kind of classic is the Book of Changes? As we know, the widespread circulation of ancient books is an interlocking whole process, so to understand the year of Yijing, we should not only stick to the reference books of Mill's legend, but also focus on the unearthed bamboo slips and silk books.

Tang Taibao just started in the 1960s, and many Yi-ology references that have been submerged for two thousand years will see the light of day again. The first edition number "Yi" is the Chu bamboo slips "Zhouyi" purchased by Shanghai Museum. Next is the Qin bamboo slips of Wangjiatai in Jiangling, Hubei Province, "Returning to Tibet"; Then there is the Book of Changes, the Han bamboo slips of Shuanggudui in Fuyang City, Anhui Province. The owner of the tomb is Xiahouzao, the eldest son of Xia Houying, the first ancestor of Han Dynasty. Similarly, there is the silk book Zhouyi written by Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan. In addition, there are some divination materials about Yi Year, which are circulated in bamboo slips such as Wangshan, Baoshan, Xincai, Tianxingguan and Qinjiazui.

Among them, the most striking is Shang Bo's bamboo slips Zhouyi, because it is the first edition number of Zhouyi. However, Shang Bo's bamboo slips Zhouyi is not a published work. It has a deep history, so we need to talk about how Zhouyi was put into practice.

Zhouyi

As we know, people in Shang Dynasty liked to use Oracle Bone Inscriptions for divination. It is to carve oracles and divination first, and then use fire. According to the cracks, you can predict good or bad luck. In addition, there are some data engraved on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins. For example, there are 776,766 inscriptions, Zhen Ji inscriptions and 666 inscriptions. I think I use the cracks in Oracle Bone Inscriptions for divination, but it's more like using the data itself for divination. What's more, the unearthed characters such as Zhu Yuan, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Zhenji were very common in the late Shang Dynasty and the early Zhou Dynasty, which was a remarkable divination method similar to Zhouyi.

Zhu Yuanzhang and Oracle Bone Inscriptions showed that Zhou people learned the divination of merchants and carried forward the divination method. References show that Xibo in Historical Records was arrested and executed in Zhouyi, while Zhouyi Ancient Classics mentioned many historical facts of Shang Dynasty, such as the return of Shang Zhouwang's sister S, in which Shang Zhouwang married his sister Xibohou; But its lower limit has been to the Western Han Dynasty. For example, Kang Hou used Sima Shufan, referring to the enfeoffment system of Wei Kangshu, the eldest son of Xibohou. This seems to show that Zhouyi Ancient Classics was not written by Xibohou himself, but it is said that it was written by Zhou people in the late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty, which should be roughly in line with the reality.

Please note that everyone here refers to Zhouyi Ancient Classics. 055-79000 What is the relationship among Zhouyi Ancient Classics, Zhouyi and Yijing? Today's Book of Changes is regarded as a classic by Confucianism, which contains the contents of Zhouyi and Zhouyi Ancient Classics. So generally speaking, taking Zhouyi Zhuan as an example, it refers to additional transmission; Take the Book of Changes as an example, sometimes you can refer to the classics, but strictly speaking, it refers to the Book of Changes. Divination methods in the Spring and Autumn Period are not limited to the Book of Changes, but also include the Book of Changes and Lianshan. These three books are also called "Returning to Tibet".

055-79000 gossip

The "Three Changes" at the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, namely "Zhouyi", is itself a book that records divination methods in detail. Among them, the most basic one is yin, also called hexagram. These two marks are superimposed on three layers, forming eight diagrams such as dry, Kun, Kan, truth, training, reason, root and power. Eight diagrams are combined into eight, eight and sixty-four hexagrams. Every hexagram, from top to bottom, is the first hexagram, the second hexagram, the third hexagram, the fourth hexagram, the fifth hexagram and the upper hexagram. If the upper hexagram is yang hexagram, it is called nine; If it's a vagina, it's called six So the first divination is called the ninth day and the sixth day, the second divination is called the ninth divination, and the other divination is called the ninth divination.

The approximate method is to prepare 50 yarrow stems in advance and remove one to get 49 rhizomes; Divide into multiple parts at will, and the result will be a six-pointed star; Then divide it again, to put it bluntly. Finally, we will measure the luck according to the hexagrams. Sixty-four hexagrams and 386 hexagrams add up to Zhouyi.

Therefore, Zhou people are divination methods based on the development trend of merchants, not Fuxi gossip like this. In addition, it should be noted that in autumn and spring, there is also a saying that turtles are short and turtles are long. This shows that Zhou people think that divination is better than divination. But after the Eastern Han Dynasty, no one used tortoise shells for divination. From divination to divination, the key reason is the high cost of raw materials for Oracle bones.

It can be seen that Zhouyi was originally considered shabby, but it is not a mysterious ancient book. Its core is the divination method in the late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty.

Yarrow, potato chips, tortoise shell

According to Mencius' experience in ancient literature, it is said that he has read three wonderful books compiled by Wei. Therefore, the story of Mencius was described as "Zhouyi Ancient Classics" in later legends, but the name was not reliable. Ouyang Xiu's Yi has been debated endlessly in the Song Dynasty. Eleven Wings is Yitong Wen Zi, including Eleven Wings, Zhouyi Biography, Zhuan Zhuan, Xiangzhuan, Classical Chinese, Jieqi and Shuogua. This kind of content is probably all Confucian works in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. Han Zheng claimed that the Preface Gua, Miscellaneous Gua, Zhouyi Ancient Classics and Zhouyi were attached to the relative Buddhist scriptures, and the other four were listed after all the Buddhist scriptures, so that the Buddhist scriptures were integrated.

Confucianism often takes Xiang Zhuan as the standard and relies on the Confucian political philosophy embodied in Xiang Zhuan. 055-79000 upgraded the natural philosophy of classical Chinese to political philosophy, which was naturally a development period; But some expressions are not necessarily appropriate. The most typical example is that Yuan Henry really means good luck. However, judging from Mu Qianggang's Lv Chunqiu, Yuan Henry's Zhen Shi's disassembly and understanding of benevolence, propriety, righteousness and the foundation of later generations are all expressed in four words. On the surface, we are explaining the ancient document I Ching. In fact, new wine in old bottles only sells their own values. The last four Buddhist scriptures also have little to do with scripture.

It can be seen that Ten Wings was originally considered shabby, not a mysterious ancient book. Its focus is on the Confucian culture of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty.

Western Hou, Fuxi and Mencius

Finally, I returned to Shang Bo's bamboo slips Ten Wings, which is an incomplete Zhouyi Ancient Classics. Compared with The Legend of Mill, there are four differences: First, classics and biographies are not put together; Second, Shang Bo bamboo slips "Zhouyi" takes eight as yin and yang, which is consistent with Fuyang Han bamboo slips and Mawangdui bamboo slips, while Wangjiatai Qin bamboo slips are slightly different in yin, so eight is a relatively initial writing method; Thirdly, in terms of writing description, the legend of Shanghai Bojian is basically the same as that of silk books and mill books, but the Chinese characters, words and sentences are different. Fourth, pay special attention to six groups of black and red marks. As a combination of divinatory symbols, it probably reflects a certain concept of yin and yang.

How to read The Book of Changes Today? The first thing is to peel off its secret coat, so that you won't-you don't have to think that it is not a learned gobbledygook, and academic research is destined to continue to develop. The second is to compare different version numbers, from Shang Bo bamboo slips to Fuyang bamboo slips, from Mawangdui silk books to Mill bamboo slips legends, and analyze the differences between words and sentences; Thirdly, let the classics return to the classics and analyze the divination consciousness and Confucian core thought reflected behind them; Bi Zhouyi embodies the concept of geomantic metaphysics, and Zhouyi Ancient Classics of Chen Tuan in Song Dynasty embodies the concept of dissidents. In fact, this distance from Zhouyi itself is getting farther and farther. At present, Zhouyi and Zhouyi Annotation on the market are not worth reading at all.

Paper reference:

Chen Renren: The Book of Hutuluo

Li Xueqin: Zhouyi

Yang Bojun: Zhouyi Fortune Telling

The first batch of precious cultural relics products in China;

Why is 755-79000 Shu listed as

This precious cultural relic proves that there is no fifth class in the Zhou Dynasty, but only the third class. You probably didn't get the middle one. I haven't heard of it.