Function and service life of Korean bottles

During Han Shizhong's tenure as the "envoy to the west of Zhejiang", he struggled to resist the gold, leaving many touching stories, which were widely circulated among the people. With the wide spread of these stories, Han Ping's popularity has also expanded. According to popular parlance, Han Ping is only a military kettle of Han Shizhong's anti-gold troops, and it is specially used by Han Shizhong's army, and some cultural relics archaeologists also hold a positive attitude towards it.

In recent years, some indirect documents and archaeological excavations show that the Han bottle is actually a kind of wine vessel, which is widely used by the army and the people in Han Shizhong. Zhao Lingqi, a member of Su Dongpo's imperial clan in the Song Dynasty, wrote a passage in Backstreet Record, which is of great reference value: "Jin 'an people can fill wine with clay pots, make a small neck, ring the mouth, repair the abdomen and catch a bucket, which can hold wine. "This kind" makes a small neck and encircles it. "In today's Jiaxing, Zhejiang, there is a hill called Bottle Mountain, which is a scene of Jiaxing. Up to now, Korean bottles are often unearthed in this mountain. According to the origin of this bottle, Li Rihua, a scholar in the Wanli period of Jiaxing in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Zitaoxuan Miscellaneous Notes": "In the Song Dynasty, when our county established wine service after the national government, it was a merchant, and pottery was used by it, which was broken. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Janice's "Yang Jian Cong Bi" also recorded: "Bottle the west of Jiaxing County, Shan Zhi, and set up wine service here in the Song Dynasty. Pottery bottles of wine have been scattered for a long time, and the dome is like a hill. The natives regard it as a bottle mountain, and so does the so-called' ancient wood autumn bottle mountain' in bamboo poems. Someone dug up the bottle today. It is more than a foot high, with a belly of three or four inches, straight up and down, and the same size. The mouth is slightly narrow, light green and glazed. It is very simple and ancient. " Although these two documents did not clearly state that the bottles in the bottle mountain were Korean bottles at that time, from the shape, texture, size and color of the bottles described in the two documents and the fact that Korean bottles are often unearthed in the mountains so far, they described Korean bottles at first, and their records clearly pointed out that Korean bottles were a kind of wine vessels, which were widely used among the people, so that they were "scattered for a long time and arched like hills". During the archaeological excavation of Yuehu Lake in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in 2000, tens of thousands of Korean bottles were unearthed when cleaning up the ruins of the "Dujiu House" workshop in Mingzhou in the Song Dynasty. In fact, according to the author's opinion, Han Ping was originally used as a wine vessel by Han Shizhong Army, just like the "Tianwei Official Bottle" used by Tianwei Army in the Northern Song Dynasty. In this regard, we can get some indirect evidence from the records of the Song Dynasty, which says: "Han Shizhong, a good word, is from Yan 'an ... who is addicted to alcohol but still angry". It is well known that Han Shizhong is a heavy drinker. In today's Qing 'an, Luyuan Ma Si Bridge, Zhangjiagang Tangqiao Handun and other places, there are stories about Han Shizhong borrowing wine to boost morale or celebrate victory. It seems that folklore is well founded. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the army first used Tianwei official bottles. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the Tianwei official bottle they brought to the south evolved into a Korean bottle, which was naturally used by the Han Shizhong army to hold wine. Of course, judging from the shape and characteristics of the North Korean bottle, its use as a military kettle is inevitable.

In recent years, Han bottles have often been found in some tombs. In June, 2003, Nanjing Museum excavated an ancient tomb of the Song Dynasty in Gaochun, which contained iron cows, pottery bottles and other cultural relics. There is a similar situation in Zhangjiagang City. On March 3, 2004, Kloc-0, a site in the north of the city reported the discovery of an ancient tomb. On-the-spot inspection by the staff of Zhangjiagang Museum revealed that this is a tomb of the Song Dynasty, in which a Korean bottle, a hat bowl of the Song Dynasty and coins from Bao Tong of the Song Dynasty were unearthed. This Korean bottle is now in the collection of Zhangjiagang Museum. Similar archaeological discoveries have occurred from time to time in other places. 197 1 The Xuebuyao site in Jintan, Jiangsu Province, has unearthed pots, pots and other utensils. , especially Korean bottles. According to scholars' research, this kiln was a folk kiln for firing pottery for people's daily life in Song Dynasty. These can be used as supplementary evidence that Korean bottles were widely used among the people at the same time.

In fact, according to the existing archaeological data, Hanping was not only used by the military and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also used by the people in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In July, 2003, Tianjin Baodi unearthed a blue glazed North Korean bottle while cleaning up the tombs of the Yuan Dynasty. In the same year, when Nanjing Museum excavated the site of Daming Fort Shipyard, a provincial cultural relics protection unit, more than 0/00 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed, including Korean bottles, and so on.

It can be seen that the folklore says that the Korean bottle is just a military kettle of Han Shizhong troops, which has a certain one-sidedness.