The Origin and Legend of Folk Customs and Place Names in Hai 'an Town, Nantong City

A delivery

When a woman is pregnant, she is called "Xi". She is not allowed to do heavy work at home and buy food and articles needed before and after delivery. The bride's family should send a "warm nest" (or a cool car) and baby clothes, brown sugar, lard, toilet paper belly pocket, diapers and so on. , which is the so-called "life". There must be a red sweater (no seam) in the baby's clothes, and there must be a red seal on the edge of the toilet paper, indicating that I hope it is a boy. Born in the area around Bao Li, her mother's family wanted to send gray patches.

B. Delivery

Pregnant women will have abdominal distension and pain during childbirth. At this time, pots and barrels will be prepared and ready for delivery. The fetus will be born, so sitting in the bucket is called "going to the bucket". In the past, we used to invite more stable parturients (commonly known as "midwives") to deliver babies. If a baby boy is born, the stable girl says, "Congratulations on raising a fat boy"; If you have a daughter, comfort your family with "Mother and daughter are safe". If the first child is a girl, say "take the consequences first" Families with consecutive daughters often drown their babies. When Nanxiang was killed, midwives often threw bowls at the door in order to give birth quickly. Placenta used to be put in a small pot, put in gravel ash, covered and buried under the bed, which is called "Tibetan clothes", so the birthplace is called "Epetti". As soon as the fetus is born, it is called "stepping" when it meets unexpected guests. It is said that children's habits when they grow up are similar to stepping on them. Stable women are often passed down from generation to generation, and they have practical experience, which is helpful for women to give birth smoothly. However, this old delivery method lacks scientific disinfection and nursing knowledge, which often leads to maternal massive bleeding or tetanus toxoid infection, leading to "postpartum convulsion" and other diseases. Therefore, after the implementation of the new delivery, pregnant women often go to the hospital to give birth, and the old customs are abolished.

C. Good news

After the baby was born, there was good news. In Qutang and Hai 'an, male students distributed red eggs and glutinous rice porridge (glutinous rice porridge) to relatives and friends, while female students sent dates. Recipients must return gifts (fresh eggs and indica rice) on the spot, and some even include hi-money. Boys in Hedong area report good news, and the number of red eggs sent should be single; Giving birth to a daughter without giving good news is called "getting rich silently."

D. Washing III

The wind of washing children in the Three Dynasties is very old, which was recorded in the Tang Dynasty. On the third day after the baby is born, it is called "the third stage of washing" to take a bath, dress, open milk, take the baby's name and entertain relatives and friends. Generally, stable women wash their children and wear sweaters after washing. The relatives and friends of the main family reward the stable woman for "money laundering". Before the baby starts to eat milk, feed the baby with licorice and rhubarb baking juice, which is also commonly known as "promoting stomach". When opening milk, grind the ink to get the breast milk of the opposite sex baby. Put the red-hot copper coins into the ink and milk to heat them, and feed them first. I wish them a good wife, wealth and culture when they grow up. The bride's family must be present at the three dynasties banquet. Nanxiang is a man. When he washed for the third time, he hung a strip decorated with red cloth in front of his house.

E. restrictions

It is called "confinement" to put the lying-in woman on the bed after delivery, so that the congestion can drop smoothly (which is proved unscientific by modern science). Over time, the parturient can move freely in the room for a period of time, basically without getting out of bed, and the meals are sent by the family. In order to keep warm and prevent head wind infection, women should tie towels or stick "head wind cream" until the full moon. During confinement, the parturient should drink Tang Ai (the best in Ai Chen) and brown sugar to dispel cold and remove blood stasis, three times a day at first, and then gradually decrease. Of course, cultured people take the traditional Chinese medicine "biochemical soup". It is said that pregnant women should eat less salty food in the next month, and eat more nutrients such as shortbread, steamed stuffed bun with sugar-stained oil, and pig's trotters with white soup, which can make pregnant women have enough milk and prevent coughing in the future.

F .. full moon

A month after a child is born is called a "full moon". Full moon shaving fetal hair. Shaved fetal hair is wrapped in red and green silk thread and hung on a cradle or hook. It is said that it can make the baby brave and ward off evil spirits. On that day, grandma took her daughter, son-in-law and baby home to celebrate. When she went, she put some pot ashes on the baby's forehead and called it "kitchen dog", wishing him strength. When you come back, put powder on it and call it "pink dog". I wish it white and tender. When the baby comes home with his parents, he will lie in the cradle given by his grandmother, with all the pillows and quilts on his back, and bring back a "horse" (Xiao Mu bedpan) to facilitate defecation.

G. Take a week

When a baby turns one year old, it is called "year old", and relatives and friends will come to celebrate. Grandparents, uncles and uncles should make silver items such as collars, neck locks, bracelets and anklets, baby clothes, shoes and hats, buy firecrackers, fish, steamed noodles and other items, and other relatives and friends should give gifts as appropriate. On this day, children are led by adults to hold a "grasp the week" ceremony, and daily necessities, Four Treasures of the Study, toys and other items are displayed on the table in front of God to predict the future.

H. Send your name and recognize your mother.

Children who are not easy to get but love children are often named by their families, or recognized as foster mothers or "foster mothers". Send a name to the temple, worship the old monk as a teacher, give the child a monk's name, and give the child a robe, shoes and hats. The family calls the baby "Monk Little". Anyone who gives a child a name and plans to get married when he grows up needs to go back to the original temple and ask the monks to cast a spell to redeem him. Others carved their names on the ancient trees of Buddhist temples, also for the sake of children's longevity. To recognize godmother is generally to choose a child who has many children but does not conflict with the zodiac, and let the children worship her as an adoptive mother. When adopting a mother, the children's families should prepare some filial piety, and the adoptive mother will give them new shoes and hats in return. When the villagers lead their children to adopt their mothers, the foster mother will be wrapped in a skirt, which has shown that she will integrate into her children.

(2) Marriage

A. Visit relatives

It is the central idea of visiting relatives (asking names) in the old society that men should be married when they are older and women should be married when they are older. In marriage, it is important to pay attention to "matching families". Mainly:

Go to Jidi to see if another family smells. Visits between the two sides were very strict, and they had to visit relatives in addition to outdoors, which was also a simple concept of eugenics at that time.

Second, visit "home", distinguish between soil, agriculture, industry and commerce, and seek to match the portal or "climb home". In particular, avoid marrying so-called "low-income" families with low social occupations.

Third, when visiting "Dai", we should talk about class ranking, and we should not confuse the word "Zi" (most families have ancestral halls, and each generation has a unified name, such as "German articles are rich", sorted by word).

When visiting the "home", the woman should know more about the man's fields, houses, furniture, grain, trees, livestock and tenancy relationship. It also depends on the number of brothers and sisters. This is because "small families move to poverty and everyone is poor" is directly related to the actual situation of family economy. However, the man has slightly lower requirements for the woman's economic conditions, and thinks that "buying pigs without buying pens" doesn't matter.

The five interviews with the "target" are the most important and the most difficult. Due to the arranged marriage of parents in feudal times, men and women often could not meet, and the matchmaker played tricks on them, which often caused lifelong pain.

There is also a condition when visiting relatives, that is, the age of both parties should be appropriate, the zodiac should match, and many proverbs should be handed down from generation to generation. Such as: "female freshman, there is nowhere to fold the grain", "male junior, Jinshan depends on Yinshan"; "A female junior must eat" and so on are all nonsense without any scientific basis.

B. Engagement

After the mutual visit is approved, if both parties intend to get married, the woman will write the date and time of birth on grass paper, that is, eight-character regular script, wrapped in red paper, and the matchmaker will give it to the man, which is called "sending a Geng post". Geng Tie is also called Cao Zhitie. The man was enshrined under the furnace of the ark of God, observing bad luck. No utensils or other ominous signs can appear within three days, otherwise they will be returned to the woman. If there is nothing to do for three days, the man will pay the fortune teller the "eight characters" and calculate whether the eight characters created by Gan Kun match. There are also a few people who "love being relatives" and don't ask God for advice. When the marriage is approved, the man asks the matchmaker to send debts, money and jewels to the woman's house as a bride price (bride price) on an auspicious day, which becomes a "token" or "bride price". Hai 'an Town must send longan and tea when posting. After being hired, women in Qutang area send candy to relatives and neighbors to show that they are hired. After the engagement, the unmarried son-in-law will send a "door-to-door gift" to the woman's home on holidays. The ceremony of "legislation" is grand and has certain specifications. Generally, pigs, carp, cakes and jiaozi are sent for reunion (homophonic "high school reunion"). The man and the woman also invited relatives and friends to announce their engagement.

C. Pre-marital preparation

Before the man gets married, he should first agree on the wedding date with the woman, and write the formal wedding date on the red post, which will be sent to the woman by the matchmaker, commonly known as "meeting the bride". In addition, the man wants to send a "wedding ceremony", that is, through the matchmaker to talk about bride price money, clothing, jewelry, compensation and other conditions, to shirk the fact that his daughter is young and the dowry has not yet been done. If the negotiation is successful, the man will send a red invitation (commonly known as "day") to confirm the "auspicious day" of marriage. Three days before the wedding, the man gave the woman a "opening ceremony", including "all the clothes on her head" (rouge, pollen, red rope and golden flower), wedding dress (rented rockhopper, imperial robe, colored dress, embroidered skirt and hijab), parents' mat (this is a sign that her daughter keeps coming home), firecrackers for her family, and high (commonly known as the woman must give her son-in-law six kinds of clothes.

Before a woman gets married, the first relative will invite her to play for a few days to show her goodbye. This is called "hanging marriage" and the gift is called "flower" or "makeup". The day before a woman gets married, there will be a "wine for women" at home, and her parents will teach her the rules of the bride. Those who abused her should pay homage to heaven, earth and ancestors.

The day before the wedding, the man went to the woman's house to collect the dowry. Dowry is divided into hard bedding (wood) and soft bedding (new bedding should be sewn by those who have a good fortune to live longer). Among them, carpentry should have three circles (toilet, footbath and soup bucket) (this is not only necessary for women's life, but also means "ternary harmony". The toilet is also called "separate bucket" because people sit on the bucket just like riding a horse. There are red chopsticks (homophonic "chopsticks"), fried rice and toilet paper (sealed with red paper as clips), and red dates, peanuts, longan and chestnuts (homophonic "early birth", which are given to children in the morning and evening) on them. On that day, the man must invite his children and grandchildren to accompany him, warm his sedan chair, make his room and eat warm wine.

D. Kissing (getting married)

On the wedding day, the man will send a sedan chair to the woman's house before dawn. The conditions are good. There are lanterns in the famous hall, accompanied by drummers. The groom will also sit in the official sedan chair, with the matchmaker in front. If the conditions are poor, Hebei will use a boat and Henan will use a bamboo sedan chair (or unicycle) carried by two people. Rich or poor, the bride will never leave.

Before the sedan chair arrived at the woman's house, the matchmaker first asked her to pick it up and set off firecrackers. When the door of the woman's house is closed, the man must give her an "opening seal" (this money is reserved for her brother). Then open the door for tea and check whether the gifts meet the requirements (among them, there must be "evergreen", which is planted by both men and women in the courtyard). After drinking tea, the man fired a gun, played music, and "urged makeup" for the first time. After dinner, parents ordered their daughter to get on the sedan chair again and again.

If it is a "full day", the bride price will be given after tea and before meals (Hebei will use a boat, Henan will use a car or rely on manpower to pick it up), and the "toilet" will be moved by Xi Niang with a reward. Otherwise, the groom needs to do it himself.

Open the door and get off the sedan chair, and introduce makeup. The blessed person combs the bride's hair and dresses up, and the parents order her daughter to get on the sedan chair. When the bride leaves home, she asks her father and brother for old shoes to show that she can't move her land and wealth. When you get on the sedan chair, you should bring the "Three Words True Classics" (instead of the old imperial calendar sealed with red paper) to ward off evil spirits. On the sedan chair, the bride's mother will burst into tears to show her love for her daughter. There will be firecrackers and firelight when crossing the bridge along the road. In some places, the bride's brother is called to see the bride off with a lamp. After the Hebei bride merchant ship, her brother brushed the three corners of the ship with a pan-washing broom, leaving one corner motionless, indicating that the woman's family shared the wealth of the man's family; When sailing, the boat circled the middle of the river three times to show the bride's reluctance to her family. The sedan chair went to the men's house, set off firecrackers and played drums together. When the bride enters the door, she steps on firewood (homophonic "wealth") and crosses the pot of flourishing fire (indicating flourishing sun).

the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year

The first day of the first lunar month, formerly known as New Year's Day, is commonly known as New Year's Day. In the old custom, the elderly stay in bed in the early hours of the morning and listen to the sounds of animals in nature to predict their luck for a year. Every household is scrambling to burn incense and shoot guns to catch up with the world, especially those who burn "head incense" early in the morning, mostly to pray for more men or prosperity at home. Hedong people get up late, and every household gets up late in the morning. In the morning, housewives go into the kitchen, fry eggs, warm fruit tea and hot white soup pork with "old fire", and give them to the elderly at home to eat on the shop. Others eat jujube tea, Yuanbao tea and glutinous rice cakes after getting up. After breakfast, in natural residential areas, young and middle-aged families go door-to-door to pay New Year greetings in droves, and their hosts treat them with cigarettes, tea, peanuts and candy. Town shops send each other New Year red cards and throw them through the door. Burn incense and worship God at noon (also known as "climbing high" to thank God). Don't sweep the floor, splash water, move the scales and scissors before lunch. There is still the custom of eating old rice on the first day of the Lunar New Year. Hebei people eat old dinner and leftovers at noon (called "raw rice") and noodles at night (called longevity noodles); People in Henan and Hedong eat old rice at night and glutinous rice at noon. According to the custom, dinner should be advanced and you should go to bed without lighting, thinking that this can reduce mosquitoes in summer. Since the second day of junior high school, families have visited relatives and friends and paid New Year greetings to each other. On the second day of New Year's Day, it is inevitable that polite people will pay New Year greetings to landlords and bosses, son-in-law will pay New Year greetings to parents-in-law with his wife and children, and sons and nephews in Hedong will pay New Year greetings to uncles and uncles. Friends and relatives invite each other for spring wine, which is called "please spring" and usually ends on the fifteenth day of the first month. Rural areas in Hedong area call spring wine "Dragon Lantern", which lasts until February and a half. On the second day of the second lunar month, farmers go to the land temple (shrine) to give incense to the land father-in-law and the land goddess, praying for a good weather and no insect disaster in the field for a year. Therefore, every day, the store worships Tan Xuan Bodhisattva (Lord Zhao Gongming, the God of Wealth) and holds drinks to entertain employees.

The fifth day of the first month is "God of Wealth Day", also known as "Five Days", and all shops are open for business. Shopkeepers attach great importance to "respecting the God of Wealth". Since the evening of the fourth day, a statue of the God of Wealth has been posted at the door of every store. Shopkeepers bathed and changed clothes, some stayed up all night, and prepared three sacrificial ceremonies (pig head, rooster and flower fish, commonly known as "six eyes"). Get up in the middle of the night to burn incense and "pick up the god of wealth" with firecrackers.

If a woman buys her first business in the new year, it is called "full (parent) business" and the price is favorable. Poor folk artists dressed in costumes, dressed as the god of wealth, beat gongs and drums, and went to the store number to make money and seek rewards, which was called "jumping the god of wealth". In the evening, the shopkeeper invited the workers to eat "God of Wealth Wine".

Hai 'an custom takes the first day to the fifth day as the "five-day year", and people wear new clothes and hats.

New shoes. Because "cotton" and "mildew" are homophonic, it is forbidden to wear cotton shoes in some areas. Red lanterns are hung in front of the eaves of every household in Hebei, which are called "sky lanterns" from the first night of the first month to the eighteenth day of the first month.

the Lantern Festival

The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival, also known as Lantern Festival and Shangyuan Festival. "Thirteen lights on, eighteen lights off", this is the Lantern Festival, and the fifteenth day of the first month is its climax. During this period, farmers hung paper red lanterns on bamboo poles (covered with rain caps) and lit them every night to pray for a bumper harvest. Those who ask God to make a wish because of eye diseases are from the first day to the thirtieth day. In addition to putting lanterns and watching lanterns, we should eat zongzi in the morning and fried dumplings, peanuts, broad beans, ginkgo and other foods in the evening. During the Lantern Festival, there is a common eating custom of "putting lanterns and turning off lights".

On the night of the Lantern Festival, the farmer took the grass tied into more than ten feet and lit it. He took it to his ridge and waved it, calling it "fried hemp string" Usually, hemp rope is tied into twelve sections. If it is a leap year, one section must be Dozza, with two small firecrackers in each section. The farmer sang "Burning Land" while waving his hand, such as: "In the first half of the first month, fry hemp skewers, pick up an ear and weigh it, and dad will show it to grandma"; "In the first half of the first month, fried hemp skewers, other people's dishes are big copper, and my food basket is big; Other people's food is raw, and mine is sold on the street. Some places of fried hemp string are also called "fried hemp insects" and "arson". Some folks use hemp rope flames to predict whether this year is good or bad. The dark red omen is drought, while the gray omen is flood.

The second day of the second lunar month

On the second day of the second lunar month, every family will take their married daughters back to their parents' home to rest for different periods of time. There is a folk song in Hebei called "February 2, every family punts, two girls." There is a folk song in Hedong: "Pick a pole, make a cake, take a daughter, poor dog doesn't take a daughter." One day, the media in Hedong and Henan were very active. The proverb said, "On February 2, the dragon looked up and Wang Baochai Xiulou threw colored balls."

Qingming Festival

Tomb-Sweeping Day is around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar. On that day, every household should set up more offerings for ancestor worship, which is called "ancestor worship". In Tomb-Sweeping Day, women and children have the custom of wearing cauliflower and willow, and eat willow leaf cakes in the morning. There is a folk saying that "you don't wear willow in Qingming Festival, but you become a dog after death". Ten days before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, each family successively visited the grave, hung silks, inserted small flags, burned paper foil, padded the old grave and added a roof. Within three years after the burial of the deceased, children should hold wine sacrifices to sweep the graves, which are called new graves, middle graves and full graves respectively. The day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day was the "Cold Food Festival". No fireworks, only cold food. After the Republic of China, they paid no attention to it, and some changed to have cold meals in Tomb-Sweeping Day in the afternoon. After the founding of New China, there were more institutions, schools and people's organizations that visited graves, offered wreaths and remembered martyrs than before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day.

B. Summer

From April to June in the lunar calendar, the main festivals are Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival and June 6th. After the summer solstice, all rice seedlings and miscellaneous grains are seedlings. Farmers are afraid of drought and floods, and they often hold annual young crops meetings during this period. If it doesn't rain for a long time, another trick is that the dragon king will beg for rain. In summer, in addition to the above three festivals, there is Guan Gong's birthday on May 13th, when sworn brothers offer sacrifices to the gods and hold a banquet in memory of Guan Di. June 9th is Guanyin's birthday. She is a vegetarian.

Early summer

The Long Summer Festival is celebrated around April 6th in the lunar calendar. Everyone cooks eggs, and it is forbidden to sit on the threshold. Scrambled eggs with leeks are essential for lunch. Qutang area does not take a nap to prevent heatstroke. In summer, men, women and children should be weighed, and women wear acacia leaves or trapped grass on their heads, saying that it is to avoid being sleepy in summer. Before and after the long summer, when the wheat is just ripe, it is customary to grind Ciba with tender wheat (commonly known as "cold tender") to taste new things.

Dragon Boat Festival

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival and Sunlight. It is the day when every family eats brown rice. In the old custom, the Dragon Boat Festival symbol is hung in front of the door, and the judge of Zhong Kui is hung indoors. On the ark of God, fresh wormwood and calamus are displayed, and incense is still burning. There are judges dancing in the street, and many operas such as The Legend of the White Snake are staged in the theater. Women make all kinds of exquisite sachets with colored velvet and satin and wear them on their children, which is called "Dragon Boat Festival Brocade". The children are wearing new clothes, a hundred ropes around their necks and tiger shoes on their feet. Eating lunch behind closed doors at noon is called "enjoying lunch", and the dishes must have "five reds", that is, dried pickles, braised pork, red amaranth, braised yellow croaker, carrots, braised shrimp and so on. Drink realgar wine. After meals, use mugwort leaves dipped in realgar wine and spread it all over the wine hall, or smoke it with mugwort leaves and calamus, and stick the word "Wang" in realgar wine on the forehead of children to ward off evil spirits and drive away five poisons. On the same day, the market town bathroom chopped Acorus calamus and Folium Artemisiae Argyi and put them in the pool water (commonly known as white grass soup) to take a bath to prevent sores and boils. Maojiao's son-in-law often gives the woman zongzi, duck eggs, yellow croaker, pork and other etiquette every day. If the wedding day is approaching, she still needs to send clothes. The next day, the married child went back to his parents' home with her husband and said, "I ate rotten zongzi." The old custom of visiting Fengshan during the Dragon Boat Festival in Hai 'an Town was a great success, but it is no longer popular.

June sixth

In the old customs, every household basks in the sun and eats burnt bread crumbs fried with new wheat. There is a saying in the folk proverb, "On June 6th, eat a piece of coke and raise a piece of meat". Women wash their hair every day while men and children bathe in the river. As the saying goes, "June 6, wash white meat." The bride's family will make summer clothes for the newly-married children, which is called "sending summer clothes". Some places have the custom of taking children to rest on June 6th. This custom has weakened today.

C. Autumn

From July to September in the lunar calendar, the main festivals are beginning of autumn, Qixi, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival. Besides, in the old fashion, there was the birthday of the Tibetan king on July 30th. Every night, the villagers light a "ground lamp" to worship the gods, or delay monks to put open-air flame mouths to cross over the ghosts, which is called "Meng Huilan" and commonly known as "releasing orphans".

Beginning of autumn eats watermelon every day, which means that it can dispel the summer heat. There is a saying that eating watermelon every day can "rot pig hair". On this day, most people in Bao Li cook prickly heat with pumpkins.

Chinese Valentine's Day; Qixi Festival

Tanabata night, commonly known as Tanabata, is also called "Begging for Cleverness Festival". According to legend, it is the day when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet at the Magpie Bridge. Peasant women often watch smart clouds together. It is said that whoever can see the smart clouds can master needlework. There are also "begging for cleverness" hidden under eggplant fields and melon sheds. This custom is out of date today.

Ghosts'Festival

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as July 30th. It is the anniversary for Japanese families to pack flat food (jiaozi), cook new rice, have lunch in advance and burn paper to worship their ancestors. There is a saying in the folk song: "Burn Tomb-Sweeping Day early and burn winter late, and no one will die in July."

Mid-Autumn Festival

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as "August Festival", also known as "Reunion Festival", and Hedong people call it "People's Day". Before the festival, relatives and friends exchange gifts, and moon cakes are essential. Every family eats moon cakes, rice cakes and lotus root cakes. Farmers in Nanxiang mostly make "moon cakes" the size of a pot cover, while people in Xiahe kill ducks for food. Dinner in the evening, family fun, wine and the moon. After dinner, families set up seats in front of the door or in the yard to provide offerings such as moon cakes, fruits, lotus roots, ling, pomegranates and persimmons. Burn incense to the moon, worship the statue of "Taiyin Star King" and brew fragrant tea in front of the gods, commonly known as "worship the moonlight". Hedong area is for the statue of the goddess of the moon. If there is an occasional eclipse of the moon, firecrackers and gongs and drums will be heard everywhere, driving the tengu away from eating the moon until the moon comes to light again. The famous shops in the market town held a "moonlight party" and set off fireworks at night, which was very lively. In storytelling and singing opera, we should sing the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Tang You Yue Gong and other programs in due course. The engaged young men will give their husbands' families moon cakes, lotus roots, fish, clothes and other festivals, which are called festivals. Farmers have the custom of watching the moonlight in the Mid-Autumn Festival to predict the richness and regret in the coming year. There is a saying that "the bright moon arches the clouds, and the shrimp and fish will be destroyed in the coming year." Today, apart from the customs of "respecting the moon" and "moonlight meeting", I remain the same.

Double Ninth Festival

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival. It's steamed sticky cakes sold in the deli in Riji Town. It is called "Double Ninth Festival Cake" and is equipped with a five-color paper banner with auspicious patterns printed on it, which is called "Double Ninth Festival Flag". In the evening, every shop and workshop invited the master to eat "chong yang wine". As the saying goes, "after eating Chongyang cake, you said you would throw away the evening tea;" After eating chong yang wine, I will feel tangled at night. "Qutang Town has the custom of eating melons every day, believing that eating melons will not be bitten by a mad dog. Today is Japan, which has been designated as "Respect for the Elderly Day" by the state.

D. Winter

From 1 1 month to winter solstice, it entered a cold winter. December of the lunar calendar is called the twelfth lunar month, from the twentieth of the twelfth lunar month to New Year's Eve, and the days are counted by the number of nights. During this period, all families should dust and clean up and make steamed cakes, steamed bread, rice cakes and so on. Some people also pickled salted fish and bacon. Every household should wash clothes and bedding on sunny days, and the folk song says, "If you have money, you can wash it in the New Year.". Barber shops and bathrooms are busy because of "haircut and bath". On the evening of 26th and 27th, people offered sacrifices to God to bid farewell to the New Year, and the shops ate wine for the New Year. On the night of 20th to 29th, there was a full-time night watchman in the market town, knocking on bamboo rafts with lanterns to remind people of fire prevention and theft prevention. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, local government departments paid more attention to winter defense, organized militia and staff to patrol at night, and did a good job in security.

October dynasty

On the first day of October in the lunar calendar, it is called "October Dynasty". Graves are filled in a few days before and after, and the sacrifices are similar to those in Tomb-Sweeping Day. It is a custom to cook glutinous rice to send flies, while Hedong cooks red bean rice to send flies. According to the old custom in Bao Li, a Town God meeting will be held on the same day. Cattle are washed in Hedong area 10, and cattle rest is started in winter. Beating an old cow is often eliminated.

Winter solstice festival

The winter solstice is about 65438+February 22nd in Gregorian calendar. It was a small winter the day before, and every family worshiped their ancestors and burned paper. The solstice of winter, also known as winter, is the custom of eating jiaozi in the morning everywhere. In the evening, there is a reunion dinner, and all shops and workshops have "winter wine", commonly known as "winter is like a year". There is also a winter sacrifice ceremony in Hedong. Count to nine from the winter solstice. The winter solstice has the shortest day and the longest night, so there is a proverb: "There is no night on the winter solstice, and there is no riding on the summer solstice."

Association of laboratory animal breeders

On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, the reception office called Daoism Day at the end of the day. Folks imitate the temple custom and cook "Laba porridge" with glutinous rice, soybeans, peanuts, arrowheads, vegetables and red beans. Rich people with generous treatment put red dates, chestnuts, ginkgo, mushrooms, fungus and so on. , known as "eight-treasure porridge". Buddhists eat noodles at night to wish "Infinite Life Buddha" and other families have banquets. There is still the custom of eating Laba porridge today.

Sending stove

On the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, every family sends a kitchen stove and prays that the kitchen stove owner "speaks well in the sky to keep the world safe". Generally, there are four kinds of sacrifices: caramel (the mouth of the kitchen god is sealed), tea and rice (symbolizing the safety of life), tofu (the homonym of "rich"), broken red bean straw (the feed of the kitchen god), and Hedong people also provide distiller's grains. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this custom was gradually abandoned.

New Year's Eve

December 30th of the lunar calendar is New Year's Eve, commonly known as "Thirty Nights". The day before New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, and most families worship their ancestors at noon. Some families worship their ancestors at noon on New Year's Eve. This is the day when boiled rice is put in an old lunch box. Before New Year's Eve, every household is busy steaming rice cakes, cooking new year's dishes, frying peanuts, broad beans, frying rice, buying tea, buying new year's goods and so on. These must be prepared outdoors at this stage. On New Year's Eve, the eaves of the old customs should be decorated with red paper, yellow paper and sesame stalks, and the doors should be pasted with red wedding invitations, Spring Festival couplets and door gods; In the hall, there are New Year pictures and, incidentally, the word "Fu" upside down, which is the homonym of "Fu Dao". In the first year, the Spring Festival couplets of mourning houses were pasted with yellow paper, in the second year, green paper and in the third year, red paper. Clean the inside and outside of every house, and wrap pu with lime outside the door and on the head of the field to make "golden ingots" or "unicorn footprints". On New Year's Eve, the ancestors were worshipped and the kitchen god was received. The family gave a banquet to eat "Shounian wine". Generally, we should make more New Year's Eve dinners, and leave the rest for the New Year to eat "old meals"; If you want to keep a whole rice crust, it's called "rice root", put it on a plate, put branches and sesame stalks on it, decorate it with ginkgo, peanuts and copper coins, paste yellow paper money and the god of wealth, and put it on the shrine. After the banquet, clean the kitchen, clean the kitchen surface and pot room, and fill the water tank and bucket. Before going to bed, the elders should "press (keep) money for the younger generation; Put candy, dates and longevity fruit (peanuts with shells) on everyone's pillows to eat at the pillow for the New Year; New clothes, new hats, new shoes and socks are also distributed in the New Year. Some families in Hedong stay up all night, waiting for the people, which is called "shou sui".