Maoming yuanshan fortune-telling

Wen Tianxiang's poetry creation can be roughly divided into two stages: the first year of Deyou in Song Gongdi (1275). The content of poetry creation in these two stages is very different, and the artistic achievements are also extremely unbalanced. Selected Poems of Wen Tianxiang published by Mr. Huang in 1979 is the first selected works of Wen Tianxiang in China. In the preface of this book, Mr. Huang commented: "... (Wen Tianxiang) German? It used to be the poems of ordinary literati, although some poems expressed the feelings of worrying about the country and the people, or exposed the contradictions and sins of the ruling group; But it is more of a work written in a hurry and trivial, which is different from the works of ordinary literati fiddling with pen and ink. From Germany? From the beginning, every article has a certain content, and most of them are promising. Its content is the thought of loving the motherland and the determination to fight to the end, and its development future is to strengthen the will and inspire the anti-Japanese war. " This view is objective and pertinent, and generally represents a general opinion in academic circles.

What interests us is why most of Wen Tianxiang's early poems were written in a hurry and the reward should be trivial. Is his lack of content and mediocre art related to his background of being the top scholar and the prevailing social atmosphere at that time? More importantly, what kind of theory does this phenomenon contain? Wait, these are all worth exploring seriously. As early as the end of 1950s, Mr. Qian Zhongshu made an incisive analysis of Wen Tianxiang's early poems: all his works in this period were sloppy and mediocre, and the proportion of poems written for physiognomy, fortune telling and divination surprised us. Yao Mian, who won the first prize in middle school three years earlier than him, has the same situation in the manuscript of Snow Mountain Man. Advertise for those people who want to find the first prize (see Volume 8 of Daquan, Long's Qinyuanchun Giving a Talk on Life and Xu Wen: "Write a good paper and find the first prize poem." This discussion provides us with a broader vision for further exploration and research. It can be asserted that Wen Tianxiang's early poetry creation is closely related to the prevailing social atmosphere at that time and his literary background.

The poems included in the first and second volumes of the Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan (four-part series) are his early works. As can be seen from the title of the poem alone, there are surprisingly many entertaining and boring works. According to statistics, among the more than 240 poems written in the early stage, three fifths are for fortune tellers, talking about life, Tai Chi numbers, silver numbers, Stan, Taoist priests, condolences, farewell, inscriptions and other entertainment works. (Huang's Preface to Selected Poems of Wen Tianxiang)

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the rise of scholars, the social atmosphere of advocating scholars, especially top scholars, formed, which constituted the macro-imperial examination cultural background of Wen Tianxiang's early poetry creation. Athena Chu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, once said: "Although the number one scholar climbs to the top, he will restore the thistle with thousands of soldiers, drive it into the poor desert, win a song and give it back to the ancestral temple, which is beyond his glory." (Song Tiankuang's Scholars) Here, the champion is more distinguished than "restoring Ji Yuan", which shows the respect for the champion. This kind of champion is far away from abroad.

"History of the Song Dynasty" Volume 318 "Biography of the King" said: After three years of peace, I paid a return visit to the three ambassadors. When he hired the Khitan, he saw his master in the same river and gave a banquet to fish. Every time I catch a fish, I will reward him with Chen Gong wine and kiss the drums and pipa. He said: "This young scholar of the Southern Dynasties has been in Hanlin for fifteen years, and I have treated him well." . The History of the Song Dynasty (volume 343) and Biography of Xu Jiang also contain: Xu Jiang sent an envoy to Qidan, "When he arrived in the north, people gathered every other room and said,' Look at the top scholar in the Southern Dynasties'." Respect for its champion is deeply rooted in the hearts of society.

Wen Tianxiang took the state examination in the first year of Li Zongbao's reign (1253) and got excellent results. Li Zongbao studied at Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou for three years (1255). In the same year, he and his brother Wen Bi became a husband in Jizhou. In the spring of the following year, Gong went to Beijing to take the provincial examination, and Li Diju, the satrap of Luling, gave a banquet to see him off. Wen Tianxiang s Poem of Two Deer Singing Banquets;

Rites and music are performed by the emperor's messengers, and Guanghua is like English in my hometown.

Although Zhenyuan Tiger List is more successful, Li Si Longmen is fortunate to be named.

Second, Song Gaoke is relatively relaxed, and the two Su Qing festivals are really glorious.

You should be so conceited, Kenson. You are fair.

This poem mainly describes the happiness of being a public office in Jizhou at the same time. The sentence "The second Song Dynasty was high-tech and easy to learn, and the two Soviets celebrated the Qingming Festival with real honor" is of exemplary significance. With the events of the Northern Song Dynasty, we appreciated the Qingming Festival of the two Soviets (Su Shi and Su Zhe).

After the approval of Wen Tianxiang Province, Bao You attended the ceremony in Ying Ji Hall on May 8th in the 4th year of Bao You (1256). In this imperial examination, Li Zong ranked Wen Tianxiang's paper first. Wang Yinglin, the examiner of palace examination, said: "It is like a turtle mirror and loyal to the liver is like a stone." There is a poem in the Biography of Four Years' Textual Research of Bao You, which is called "Poem for the First Scholar":

After a long time, Tao turned into the end. I was very pleased to hear that two stones turned against Yan Ying.

Sincerity is endless and gentle, and governance is endless.

In China, the reason lies in the text, and the matter lies in pragmatism.

Virtue is really invincible and can make peace for the royal family.

Li Zong's desire for royal talents and peace is well-intentioned, but in fact it is difficult to save the historical fate of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. Fortunately, in this list, besides Wen Tianxiang, there are two lonely and loyal figures, Xie Fangde and Lu Xiufu. Xie Fangde, the first scholar on this list, refused to be an official for the new dynasty after the death of Song Dynasty and died of lack of food. Lu Xiufu ranked 27th in this list, Zhao Di? After his death, he and Zhang Shijie re-established Zhao? For the emperor, move with emotion? Shan, persist in resisting Yuan. ? Shan Po, driving his wife into the sea, conceited? Throw yourself into the sea.

Wen Tianxiang and the Imperial Examination, who won the title of Yuan Zhen, naturally became "public figures", so it was difficult to avoid customs, so they produced boring works of "writing in a hurry" and "remuneration should be trivial". Among them, the works presented to fortune tellers can represent. Such as "Give to Meigu Philosopher" and "Give? Lake physiognomy, right eyes, physiognomy of Liu's dwarf and cripple, etc. Most of these poems are based on names, perfunctory into poems, and mixed with a game tone. For example, "Xu Shixiang in the Mirror Room": Zou Ji is not as good as Xu Hongmei. She is really looking at a leopard in the mirror. Diners under the door only ask for it, and fainting is better than concubines. On the other hand, the grandson of the Xu family calls himself a mirror of the capital. It is useless for the world to look at bronze. This gentleman has clear eyes. You don't want to visit your officials, so don't make this mirror defective. It's hard to know what it feels like. It will shine for 200 miles from now on. In this poem, Zou Ji, Duke Xu of the North of the City satirizes the Warring States Policy of the King of Qi, compares Xu to a mirror, and boasts about Xu's strange appearance, that's all.

The appearance of this phenomenon, as mentioned above, is an unavoidable custom in Wen Tianxiang. And this secular force is really hard to fight. The second volume of "Old Wulin Stories" and "Roll Call" contain the situation of the champion and others wandering the streets. It seems that you can see the news: all of them are green robes and silk whips, and the horses are galloping, each leading the yellow. There are hundreds of yellow banners, and each book has a poem. Oh, temples are like clouds, and everyone makes friends with close people. Or the envoys of the three schools of Zang Dai came to Zhai. If the deacon is the commander-in-chief, he should only go to the first prize bureau. There are also sorcerers and physiognomists who dazzle themselves to book the first prize and inspire them in China. From Donghuamen to Jisuo. The luxurious house and your mansion are covered with colorful curtains. Those who get married at the age of eighteen or nineteen often choose their husbands here. Mr. Jin Wenjing said: "It's so lively and conspicuous, just like modern people look at celebrities. In this way, Lang Zhi, the champion, naturally became the protagonist on the stage. At the same time, from the above, we can also see the interdependence between' warlocks and scholars'. Fortune-tellers or geomancers predict that someone will take the senior high school entrance examination, such as Jian Yizhi (Southern Opera and Southern Song Dynasty Champion Culture).

On the other hand, Wen Tianxiang's concept of "taking poetry as a play" will inevitably affect his early poetry creation. His "Postscript of Xiao Jingfu's Poems" said: "Tired pill bearing, playing god also; Luck has become the wind, and it has also made God. The article is a little geisha and the poem is a little geisha. " Wen Tianxiang claimed to be "the training of a young family" and "reading sage books for a long time" ("Prime Minister Xie"), and received Confucian education under the background of the prevalence of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, most neo-Confucianists' thoughts of valuing morality over literature will have an impact on him. He regards the article as a little geisha and poetry as a "little geisha's player", which is the embodiment of this concept. Wen Tianxiang's strategies and countermeasures when attending the temple fair ceremony are full of Taoist spirit.

In fact, Wen Tianxiang also has his own difficulties in poetry entertainment. In his letter to Ou Yangxun Zhai, he said, "Sir, the former suffered from social intercourse, but is it still true today?" Have a taste and see: everyone writes a text, such as sticking a needle in his chest. Today, I'm afraid it's a literary word, and so is it. "In another letter, he said:" A person who is skilled in surgery at ordinary times has very little authority and has been visited by Jianghu people. He sincerely seeks enrichment and warmth in my words; I sincerely sympathize with the emperor's food and clothing, and people who come will be honored, so I don't have time to ask him what his skills are like. "The' fear as a literary word' mentioned here is a true confession of her husband's self-discipline, because he sympathizes with charlatans and demands praise regardless of his truth. However, this kind of difficulty only stays on the surface of depression brought by the reputation of the top scholar, without deep reflection and strong defense, so its confession is somewhat understated. There are still some good works in Wen Tianxiang's early poems, such as The Story of the Sky, Three Poems of Feeling Excited in the Mountains, Birthday and Xie Aishan, Sitting at Night, or "The autumn wind is tight recently, and I am quite worried when I am sad", or "Only my pine and cypress are full, and the heaven and the earth are really boundless" or "The sword is caressed at night". If it weren't for the declining world and the country's crisis, Wen Tianxiang, with its luxury and exquisite skills, might lead a mediocre life like most mediocre top scholars. De? The king of Qin, who rose with great generosity, was exiled to a secluded prison and eventually became a big festival. His poems and articles have become miracles between heaven and earth. Lin Qing Changyi's "Continued Haitian Qin Si" Volume 2 said: "The surname is heavy, and people are not heavy. All morals, merits, knowledge and articles that can be handed down to the world are fame, not scientific names. "Wen Tianxiang is famous not only because of his fame, but also because his poems make the gods cry. These noble poems, such as "Who has never died since ancient times, taking the heart of Dan as a historical mirror" ("Crossing the Zero Ding Yang") and "There is righteousness in the world, but it is endowed with differences" ("Song of Benevolence and Righteousness"), not only show his side as a human being, but also explain a truth: "The country is unfortunate as a poet, but it is convenient to be endowed with vicissitudes." (Zhao Yi's Collection of Monuments and Mountains).