Whipping: What do you mean by another eighty strokes?

One of the ancient punishments. Torture prisoners with thorns or big bamboo boards. As a punishment, the staff began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Wudi made a whip stick. The stick is made of Vitex negundo, which can be divided into three types: big stick, thick stick and small stick. In the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, rod punishment was listed as one of the five punishments. This was the case until the late Qing Dynasty. See "five punishments". One of the five punishments since Sui and Tang Dynasties. Song, Ming and Qing dynasties stipulated that women must "strip off and receive a stick" when committing rape, which not only caused physical pain, but also achieved the effect of humiliation. In ancient China, the punishment of beating prisoners' backs, hips and legs with bamboo boards or thorns (see Five Punishment). The origin of flogging is very early, and there is a saying that flogging is an official punishment in Shangshu Shundian, which means flogging is used to punish officials for dereliction of duty. Han, Wei and Jin Dun all had flogging. It was not until the reign of Liang Wudi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (502 ~ 54) that flogging was listed as a formal punishment. There is a "staff order" under the beam, which stipulates that the staff is made of thorns and is six feet long. There are three kinds of staff: big staff, staff and small staff. Big stick, big head, one inch and three points, small head, eight and a half points; The staff has a big head of one inch and three points and a small head of five points; The big end of the stick is surrounded by one inch and one minute, and the small head is extremely thin (Criminal Law Records of Sui Shu). The Northern Wei Dynasty began to list flogging, flogging, imprisonment, exile and death penalty as one of the five punishments. The Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties followed the Wei system, and the penalties in the Northern Qi Dynasty were divided into thirty, twenty and thirteen. There were five levels of caning in the Northern Zhou Dynasty: ten, twenty, thirty, forty and fifty. Both the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty allowed gold to be exchanged for sticks. The Sui Dynasty abolished flogging and replaced it with flogging, and established flogging to replace the original flogging. There are five levels of flogging in Sui Dynasty: sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety and one hundred. Anyone who commits a crime more than 50 feet will be punished by flogging. The rod punishment in the Tang Dynasty was the same as that in the Sui Dynasty. According to the Tang law, the staff is three feet and five inches long and cut by procedures. The prisoner's staff, the big head is two-thirds centimeters in diameter and the small head is two-thirds centimeters; Crutch, the big head is divided into two parts and the small head is divided into seven parts; A crutch, the big head is divided into two parts, and the small head is divided into fifty cents. It is also stipulated: "Those who fix the staff: the back, legs and buttocks." "The staff is long and thick, and those who don't obey the order will be thirty." The system of the Song Dynasty followed that of the Tang Dynasty, and the punishment of caning was also divided into five grades. The characteristic of the rod punishment in Song Dynasty is that it is widely used as an additional punishment. In addition to exile, imprisonment and even rod punishment and flogging, the rod punishment is also added. "Songshi Criminal Law Record" said: "There are four punishments for each exile: compulsory service, 20 spinal rods, and three years of service; Three thousand miles in the clouds, twenty in the staff; 2500 Li, crutches 18; Two thousand Li, seventeen crutches, one year's service. Every sentence is five years: three years, 20 crutches; Two and a half years, eighteen crutches; Two years, 17 crutches; One and a half years, fifteen crutches; Thirteen crutches a year. Five penalties per staff: one hundred staff and twenty hip staff; Ninety, hip stick eighteen; Eighty, hip stick seventeen; Seventy, hip stick fifteen; Sixty, hip stick thirteen. The punishment is five: fifty slaps and ten hips; Forty, thirty, eight hips; Twenty, ten, seven times. " According to the records of Liao history and criminal law, the number of rod punishments in Liao country is 50 to 300. Anyone with a staff of more than 50 will be fined a sandbag, that is, sewn with ripe leather, filled with half a catty of sand, six inches long and two feet wide, and beaten with a wooden handle of one foot. When Emperor Taizong of Liao committed a crime before he died, wood blade hit him on the back, ranging in number from fifteen to thirty. There is also the method of sticking people with iron bones. The iron bone flower is made of wrought iron into eight sections, with a three-foot long wooden stick as the handle, and the number of sticks is five to seven. Xu Jin Guo's punishment staff, "from one hundred and twenty to two hundred and twenty, all with Jing buttock" (Guo Dajin Zong Ji Nian). During the Xi period of Jin Dynasty (1141~1149), he was punished with a hundred crimes, and his crotch was divided. Later, because the spine is close to the confidant, it is forbidden to hit the back. In the Yuan Dynasty, flogging ranged from sixty-seven to one hundred and seven, with five grades and ten as the difference. All hips are affected except the news stick. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of rod punishment was between 60 and 100, with 10 as the difference. The staff is made of thorns, and the program is cut off. It is three feet and five inches long, with a big head two-thirds in diameter and a small head two-thirds in diameter. Clubs are used as an additional punishment for imprisonment and exile. Act is 60 sticks a year, 70 sticks a year and a half, 80 sticks a year, 90 sticks a year and a half, and 0/00 sticks a year; Two thousand Li, two thousand five hundred Li and three thousand Li were all sentenced to one hundred sticks. There is also a staff folding system, with a 50% discount and a 10% discount. In Qing dynasty, the criminal rod followed the Ming system. The difference is that the fishing rod is made of a big bamboo board, which is five feet and five inches long, two inches wide at the big end and one inch and five minutes wide at the small end, but it weighs no more than two pounds. In the early Qing and Ming dynasties, the system of 50% discount and 10% discount was adopted, and Kangxi (1662 ~ 1722) changed it to 60% discount, 70% discount, 25% discount, 20% discount, 35% discount and 100% discount. By the end of Qing Dynasty, flogging was abolished. There is no such line in the 360 lines of craftsmanship and skills, but this line definitely depends on craftsmanship. The staff is in hand, and life and death are only in one thought. Therefore, how to hit people has become a science. Li Boyuan's "Hell on Earth" mentioned this point in the ninth time: judging from the soap record of the county government punishment, this small board must have been practiced in advance. Some were beaten to pieces, but their flesh and blood were not hurt; Some of them were killed, but their skin was red and swollen, but they were seriously injured internally. Some people say that anyone who records soap will practice this beating method in advance, that is, put a piece of tofu on the ground and beat it with a small board, only making a noise without breaking it; By the end of the fight, the tofu inside was rotten, and the outside was still square, motionless, and this side was the first master. Anyone who commits a crime, knowing that he is wrong, is bound to be beaten today and will not hesitate to spend money to punish him ... In this way, people who master this superb skill can not only successfully complete the task of smashing sticks, but also enforce the law and profit from it. Shen Jiaben's "Examination of Criminal Law and Punishment in Past Dynasties" records that during training, the school soldiers who were responsible for carrying the palace staff in the Ming Dynasty first tied them into two figures with leather, one with bricks inside and the other with paper outside, and then dressed them and let them walk on the staff. A human figure made of bricks is used to practice the technique of "light outside and heavy inside" The requirements seem to be light, the clothes can't be damaged, but the bricks inside should be broken. The human figure wrapped in paper is used to practice the technique of "focusing on the outside and being light on the inside", which requires that it seems to be hit hard, but the paper wrapped inside cannot be damaged. Crutches must reach this level to be qualified. Fang Bao's Miscellaneous Notes in Prison in Qing Dynasty recorded one thing he saw with his own eyes in the prison of the Ministry of Punishment: three prisoners suffered the same rod punishment, and in order to suffer less, they all bribed the officers who carried the rod in advance. A prisoner gave thirty taels of silver, slightly injured a bone and recovered for a month; The second prisoner gave twice as much money, only suffered a little flesh injury and recovered in less than a month; The third prisoner gave 182 yuan. He walked as usual that night after being punished. Obviously, rich people make mistakes, and as long as they are effective, they can generally avoid the pain of flesh and blood. The most bitter people are ordinary people, and old money is rare. In the end, they make some mistakes and can't make money. In the end, they will definitely be beaten.