Classification of carved paper-cut in Mianyang

Mian yang is a water town, and the folk song says, "mian yang of Husha Lake won't accept it for ten years, and dogs won't eat glutinous rice porridge for one year." . This is not only a sad song of frequent floods, but also a portrayal of the richness of Huxiang. Here, the art of paper-cutting takes root and sprouts, with lush foliage. Its folk paper-cutting can be divided into five categories: marriage custom, funeral custom, clothing, home decoration and New Year season order.

1, custom paper-cut for the wedding

Since ancient times, life has attached great importance to etiquette, especially marriage customs. Marriage is regarded as a lifelong event, and paper-cutting is also the most widely used. When getting married, the man will hold a ceremony to tell his ancestors (commonly known as bride price), tell his ancestors and pray for their blessings. Put 10 bowl of meat dishes on the table of the Eight Immortals in the lobby. Every bowl of vegetables is covered with paper-cut Chinese characters of double happiness, and then cypress branches are inserted in the bowl, which means: pine and cypress will last forever, and I wish the couple a hundred years of harmony and a happy family. On the wall in the middle of the hall are huge red double happiness characters, accompanied by paper-cuts with auspicious patterns, such as dragons and phoenixes, Yuanyang playing in water, magpies climbing plums, goldfish playing with lotus, phoenix wearing peony, lotus seeds and so on. , respectively, posted on the gate, cave door, glass window. In addition, gifts such as pork, fish and wine presented by the man and the dowry of the woman should be stamped with the word Hongxi. There are also red flowers on the trunk seal and sedan chair door seal.

Legend has it that the ancient colored sedan chair (also known as sedan chair) is not closed. Since the tragic story of butterfly lovers came out, in order to prevent similar things from happening, people in Mianyang have begun to seal the door with colorful sedan chairs. Not only paper-cut flowers were put up, but also copper locks were put on to ensure the absolute safety of the bride. Pillows, aprons, socks soles, cloud shoulders, flower shoes and other embroidery products. The bride embroidered it when she was holding a dowry at her parents' house. The decoration of paper-cut patterns is indispensable. Generally speaking, girls pay special attention to embroidery as a dowry, because it is a testimony of girls' ingenuity. After the newlyweds enter the bridal chamber, relatives and friends, especially the eldest sister-in-law, have to rummage out the embroidery made by the bride and comment on it, just like the personal paper-cutting and embroidery exhibition held by the bride, which makes visitors feast their eyes. 2. Funeral paper cutting

In the past, it was popular in Mianyang to ask Taoist priests to do Dojo for the dead, that is, to turn over the dead. Taoist priests wear vestments, hold guiding banners, swing rhythmically, and say something in their mouths, threatening to summon souls and guide the undead. On the vestments of Daotu, there are embroidered birthday characters and patterns such as floating clouds, lotus flowers and swastikas. The road sign is cut and pasted with all the empty strips of ordinary paper, with a triangular pattern on it and continuous lace and comb whiskers on the bottom. There are precious flowers in the middle. When a woman dies, her family will dress her with embroidered shoes. A toad and a crane are embroidered on the shoes, or two dogs drink blood. It is said that this is the only way. Let the dead enter the underworld smoothly.

3, clothing paper-cutting

As the saying goes, talent is three points and dressing is seven points, which shows the importance of clothing. Mianyang people, especially women and children, pay special attention to the beautification of clothing in the harvest year, so there is a great demand for embroidery patterns. According to records, in the early days of liberation, there were more than 100 flower vendors in the county. Paper-cut content is rich and colorful, such as the old woman's hair band and flower shoes on her feet; Aprons, embroidered shoes, wrapped hearts, soles of socks and handkerchiefs for young and middle-aged women; Children's lion hat, tiger head shoes, longevity lock, saliva pocket, sachet (also known as sachet), embroidered underwear; Young men's sandals, slippers, insoles and straps are all embroidered. Flowers are mostly auspicious, such as blessing, prolonging life, making a fortune, celebrating, loving, having many children and grandchildren, exorcising evil spirits and eliminating disasters. , such as wealth, longevity, longevity of pine cranes, lotus carp, golden jade, millions of profits, all the best, the phoenix rising, the unicorn sending the child, the lion rolling the hydrangea, the carp yue longmen and so on. There are also smooth sailing, playing with pearls with two dragons, opening Thailand with three sheep (Yang), Four Seasons Peace, five blessings, Liuhe Tongchun, Tanabata Meeting, Eight Immortals' Birthday, Nine Ways to Make Money, Perfection and so on. People pay special attention to children's wear, and there are many kinds of patterns, such as lion hat, tiger head shoes, lotus saliva pocket, five poison sachets and so on. It means expecting children to be as brave as lions. Like tigers, tigers are alive; Like a lotus flower, the mud is not stained; May the five poisons be turned into sachets, and let the longevity lock the children to live a long and safe life, which shows the loving heart of a loving mother. Clothing embroidery and paper-cutting are different according to the age, identity and purpose of the wearer. There are wedding dresses, shroud, baby clothes and so on. And their expressions tend to be stylized. The common patterns are ball flowers, corner flowers, bow ties, corsage flowers, cuff flowers, toe flowers, toe flowers and hat flowers. Women are proud of their superb paper-cutting skills, and men are also proud of their newly married wives' exquisite embroidery and excellent paper-cutting.

4, home decoration paper-cutting

It is a simple and generous folk paper-cutting art created by the people with their own life experience and pursuit of beauty. The application of paper-cutting in home decoration reflects the aesthetic psychology of ordinary people in folk life. In Mianyang, besides paper-cut window grilles, there are door curtain flowers, door drum flowers, tent eaves flowers, tent floating flowers, pillow flowers, ceiling flowers and so on. 5. Make paper-cuts in the new year.

Every Spring Festival, in addition to the old cloth, a new paper-cut will be put on, and its pattern content is mostly composed of auspicious words or patterns. Homophony, symbol and implication are often used to express people's pursuit and expectation for a better life in order to satisfy their aesthetic taste. In addition to the common "more than one year", "peace in all seasons", "all the best" and "deer and crane in the same spring", the four doors of the cabinet are also affixed with "Fu", "Lu", "Shou" and "Fu" (or with patterns). Some people put paper-cuts of "Fu", "Shou" or "Five Blessingg holds longevity" on both sides of the cabinet. As the Lantern Festival goes, "the moon is smaller than half a month". In Mianyang in the south, there is a custom of eating Yuanxiao, and in the north, there is a custom of eating jiaozi. The most lively is the Lantern Festival. It was an excellent opportunity for paper-cut artists to show their talents. There are many paper-cut auspicious patterns on lanterns, especially the flowers and birds of the four seasons on lanterns, as well as stories of various characters, such as Liu Hai's cutting and grinding, crossing the sea, Wen Wang's visit to Xian, etc., which can never tire of reading. In March, Tomb-Sweeping Day, commonly known as "outing", went to the ancestral grave. Hanging money and inserting it into the grave (cut into hollow strips with white paper, similar to guiding banners, with copper coins with inner and outer circles cut in the middle) shows the memory of ancestors. In people's minds, anything with money hanging on the grave means that the family of the deceased has descendants and emphasizes filial piety. Otherwise, future generations will have no filial piety or never follow in its footsteps. There has always been a saying among the people: "Raising children without sacrificing ancestors is like feeding pigs to dogs". It can be said that ancestor worship in Mianyang and Tomb-Sweeping Day has always been popular except during the Cultural Revolution. April 28th, the birthday of Bodhisattva Huang Cheng. People in the vicinity of Mianyang held a town god's meeting. In front of him, he carried the Chenghuang Bodhisattva to the streets, followed by lions, dragon lanterns, stilts, lotus picking boats and "story" figures in various shops, as well as "anxious feet" without helmets. The most striking thing is "lifting the stars", that is, bamboo poles with a length of 10 feet and a length of 5 feet are tied into a shelf, and the bottom is fixed with wooden sticks to prevent tilting. A small chair is placed at the top of the bamboo pole, on which two babies under one year old sit, dressed in ancient opera costumes, playing the roles of drama and "story". Hire more poor children to dress up and be carried away. There are embroidery on the costumes of ancient operas and stilts worn by the babies sitting on them, paper-cut patterns on the lotus boat, and various stories. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, Duanyang in May is a small Duanyang, the fifteenth is a big Duanyang, and the twenty-fifth is Duanyang. There is a legend among the people that at sunset in May, immortals came down to earth to bring disaster, and the poison gas was extremely great. So we must attach great importance to exorcising evil spirits and avoiding disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to rub realgar on the child's forehead, erect wormwood at the door corner of the house, and put garlic in the pot where brown seeds are boiled, so as to detoxify, eliminate disasters and get rid of diseases. Also hang sachets (sachets) on the child's chest. The sachet is embroidered with five poisons. It is intended to fight poison with poison, and it can resist all poisonous gases. It expresses the aesthetic consciousness that parents want their children to be safe and happy. At the beginning of July, one ghost door opens and fifteen ghosts close. Every household should burn paper money, "Fu Bao" and "begging" for the deceased. It is said that if those ghosts are left alone, they will hurt people in the country. In order to ensure the safety of one party, those rich children paid for a vegetarian meal. Boil porridge and scatter it in the wild for wild ghosts to eat. At night, street lamps and river lanterns will be lit, and paper boats tied together with candles and paper money will be burned by the river. "Paper boats light candles to burn the sky", which means ghosts light up the road and send it back to the underworld. There are paper-cut fragrant flowers, ten thousand characters, longevity characters and other patterns on the vestments worn by pottery clay for embroidery; River lanterns and street lamps are also oil lamps cut into the shape of lotus petals in the middle; There are paper-cut patterns on the tied paper boat.