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What folk culture are there in Tianjin?

Tianjin is a famous historical and cultural city. As early as the Neolithic Age, there were ancestors in Tianjin. In the fourth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (149 1), an official wrote to the court: "The land of Tianjin is very heavy." The superior geographical location makes Tianjin an important hub connecting domestic and foreign, north-south transportation. Under the unique natural economic and social historical conditions in Tianjin, our ancestors created rich cultural heritage and formed Tianjin's unique cultural characteristics. Among the numerous folk arts in Tianjin, the most representative is the Yangliuqing woodblock New Year pictures, a treasure of folk art. She was founded in the late Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and was deeply loved by people. She is a precious spiritual and material wealth of our country and a bond to maintain the national feelings of the shrine.

The opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the lifeblood of China's land and water transportation, and the rise of Tianjin's water transportation have made Yangliuqing an important distribution center for North-South commodity trading, and its economy has become increasingly prosperous. In addition, there are many pear trees outside the town, which are very suitable for carving and painting. Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures have mushroomed and become increasingly prosperous. At this time, the whole town and surrounding villages presented a grand occasion of "every family will dye and every household will be fine".

Due to historical reasons, Yangliuqing New Year pictures once declined, especially during the Anti-Japanese War, and were on the verge of extinction. After the founding of New China, under the care of the Party and the government, after many rescues, collection, excavation and sorting, it has reached the end of the road.

Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures have a wide range of themes, rich content and full composition, which means auspiciousness and appeals to both refined and popular tastes. In addition, they are characterized by exquisite carving, exquisite drawing and bright colors, and are widely recommended as the first batch of folk woodblock New Year pictures in China. It is also famous at home and abroad for its rich historical accumulation and cultural continuity. It is a comprehensive collection of spiritual and practical, historical and secular materialized achievements with social science research value. It plays the role of "living fossil" in the historical process and is also an "encyclopedia" of the historical era. The excavation, rescue and protection of Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures are of great value to the study of Tianjin folk culture, other New Year pictures in the north and even the art history of China. She is the representative of Chinese New Year pictures and occupies an important position in the development history of China folk culture and Tianjin culture.

In April, 2004, Tianjin Yangliuqing Woodblock New Year Pictures were announced by the Ministry of Culture as the second batch of professional pilot projects of China National Folk Culture Protection Project. In May 2006, it was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage by the Ministry of Culture. Tianjin Peking Opera Peking Opera is a kind of opera with unique style, which germinated in the exchange and integration of Huizhou, Han, Kunqu and Bangzi from the end of 18 to the middle of 19 century. It was formed in Beijing and soon spread all over the country. At first, Peking Opera had no exact name, but it was called Huang Er, Pingxi and Peking Opera. During its gestation and formation, Peking Opera was first introduced into Tianjin, the gateway of Kyoto. In the middle period of Tongzhi, Pihuang was introduced to Shanghai from Tianjin.

Although Tianjin is not the birthplace of Peking Opera, it is remarkable in terms of its dissemination, publicity and promotion, and even in terms of China Everbright. The reason is that Tianjin has a geographical environment suitable for the development of Beijing opera (located in the main road of land and water transportation) and a humanistic environment (with audiences who love and understand opera).

From a large amount of data, we can see that almost all elite Peking Opera masters have put on record in Tianjin and presented their best or newly created plays since the germination of Peking Opera. For example, one of the "Three Masters of Peking Opera" and one of the founders of Nanpai Peking Opera, as well as Zhou, Zhou, and later "Four Famous Dances" and "Four Bears" all came to Tianjin to perform their masterpieces. Liu Gansan, a well-known performing artist in Tianjin, and Sun Juxian, one of the "last three outstanding artists", founded famous Peking Opera actors such as Huang Yueshan, Shang, Li Jirui, Wang Keqin and Zhao Meiying, and performed many plays on the stage of Tianjin Peking Opera. Tenshindon's "box office" strength is also very strong: Dou Yanfeng, Yuan, Yuan and other famous tickets can not only sing by themselves, but also teach many disciples and many famous Peking Opera artists, such as Meng Xiaodong. Famous educators and Lin in modern times were not only good at Peking Opera, but also actively advocated opera improvement and personally organized actors to create new dramas, which became the backbone of Tianjin opera improvement movement in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Tianjin, located in the lower reaches of Jiuhe River, is an openable steel bridge which is extended by ferry pontoon and land for waterway transportation in Zeguo Water Town in the north of China. The Battle of Ping Jin, one of the famous battles of China Revolution, took place in Jintangqiao.

Life etiquette is complicated and colorful. Although it is an industrial and commercial metropolis, it still has a strong sense of feudal small-scale peasant economy, advocates feudal filial piety ethics, pursues many children and many blessings, has a huge family business and many children, and takes raising five men and two women as the ideal birth mode. The purpose of adopting a son is to pray for a long and healthy life. Marriage depends on the parents' orders, the words of the matchmaker, paying attention to the right match and re-engaging the bride price. Whether you marry a daughter-in-law or not, you will do a lot of things, talk about ostentation and extravagance, and do not hesitate to be extravagant. Funeral ceremonies are more luxurious, and customs abound, advocating big burials, emphasizing coffins and shroud, and letting things die as if they had happened. In the past, birthday parties focused on entertaining guests and friends, and the troupe was invited to sing a concert. There used to be a custom that men were only 65,438+00 (every 65,438+00) and women were only 9 (every 9), especially on their 66th birthdays. There was a saying called "66 never dies".

Tianjin people are beneficial to the public interest. Influenced by the five aspects of water transportation in Yuan Dynasty and the mixed population whose residents are mostly descendants of Ming garrison, the customs of wharf and Wuguan still exist. People get together to help each other and are enthusiastic about public welfare. There are not only social welfare functional organizations such as water clubs, barbecue houses and small courtyards, but also many relatively binding folk professional organizations and halls and ancestral temples built by businessmen living in Tianjin. Ordinary residents like the neighborhood feeling of mutual visits and mutual assistance, but the wind of comparison is quite heavy, so they are good at "buying face".

Long-term wandering life has cultivated Tianjin people's celebration activities that are happy to get together, lively and love festivals and seasons. In particular, we have devoted a lot of efforts to traditional folk festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, spared no effort in manpower, material resources and financial resources, and tried our best to render and create a popular and festive atmosphere, thus forming certain traditional eating customs during the Spring Festival, such as "jiaozi on the first, second and third days".

Folk beliefs are extensive and complex. Before the middle of Qing Dynasty, there were more than 500 temples of all kinds. Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and folk or local gods are worshipped everywhere, and there are many temples, which are rare in China. Activities such as worship of natural objects, animals and plants, ancestor worship, folk worship of miscellaneous gods, jumping, fortune-telling and geomantic omen are extremely popular, especially the belief in gods is extremely purposeful, and most of them only pray for the protection of present people, which is utilitarian.

Among many folk beliefs, especially the worship of Poseidon Queen is extremely high, which is closely combined with Tianjin local culture and becomes the blessing Lord and the city Lord to protect Sanjin. The history of Tianjin is also closely related to the culture of Tianhou Palace, which not only has the historical story of "Tianhou Palace came first, then Tianjinwei", but also has a great influence on Tianjin's economy, culture and customs.

There are many kinds of folk arts and crafts in Tianjin, which are influenced by the needs of court art, literati art and secular appreciation and have strong regional characteristics. Clay figurine Zhang Caisu, kite Wei Kite, brick carving, dough sculpture, wood carving, stone carving, root carving, Yangliuqing New Year pictures, Tanggu prints, paper-cutting, lanterns, carpets and other folk arts and crafts works. Known as the masterpiece of folk art, it is famous at home and abroad.

Popular operas and quyi such as Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Crosstalk, Liudiao, Drum and Allegro are very prosperous in Tianjin. Although most of these operas originated from other rural or urban social classes, some eventually formed a formal art genre in Tianjin, and some matured or became popular in Tianjin, thus making Tianjin the cradle of China's major opera art, especially the singing of famous actors, and it is difficult to go to the whole country without singing red in Tianjin. Passing the "Tianjin Pass" is the standard for an actor to become famous, so Tianjin is also the cradle for cultivating famous opera artists. The prosperity of traditional operas in China has also made tea gardens and opera gardens prosperous, becoming the main places for people's leisure and entertainment in the old days.

There are many kinds and forms of folk music and dance, and the performing groups are mostly called the old society and the holy congregation. Traditional music and dances, such as inspiration, Daqu, Fan Shi, barbells, stilts and yangko, are very popular, and residents in the community where the club is located regard them as public welfare undertakings. They have money to contribute and entertain themselves on weekdays, which is a pastime for after-dinner entertainment. Performing at festivals or large temple fairs will add luster to our community. The world-famous Tianjin Emperor's Club was once a great opportunity for folk music and dance parties and holy parties to show their talents and compete for beauty. Therefore, when the Emperor Club was held, the whole people enthusiastically participated, with more than 1 10 performances and nearly 5,000 actors at the most. This is recorded in detail in the map of imperial guild in Tianhou Palace, Tianjin. This folk event, which mobilized the national complex and reached the empty streets, eventually became "the only mythical event in all provinces of China" at that time. These folk music and dances have been inherited by various folk flowers today.

There are many folk recreational sports, and people like sports. Besides flying kites, shaking gourds and kicking shuttlecocks, some groups like to play with birds, eagles and cricket, while children, especially boys, pursue outdoor sports.

Overseas Chinese in the concession community mostly took dancing, concerts, jockey club, fencing, lawn tennis, water speedboat, cricket, polo and boomerang as leisure ways, which also affected the urban life in modern Tianjin.

In order to better highlight the unique charm of Tianjin regional folk culture, this website describes the folk customs of the Han nationality in Tianjin, focusing on the folk customs in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. At the same time, the word "old times" is used as a time mark to show the world the elegance of Tianjin, a famous historical and cultural city.