Give me a good poem and tell me why he is good.

I recommend two songs, 1 Xin Qiji's He Xinlang and Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge.

He Xinlang Xin Qiji

[Original]

I'm dying. I've been disappointed all my life, and my friends have dispersed, and there's not much left. White hair hanging down three thousands of feet, laughing at all things in the world. Ask what can make the public happy. I see how charming Castle Peak is, and I expect it to be. Emotions and looks are slightly similar. Scratching his head at the east window with a bottle. If you want to be far-sighted and stop writing poems, the flavor is at this time. Jiang Zuo pursues fame deeply and doesn't know the secret of muddy mash. Looking back, the clouds are flying. Don't hate the ancients, don't see their people, hate their guts, and don't see their crazy ears. People who know me, two or three sons.

[explanation]

The first movie of this word begins with "I am weak". I have made friends all my life, and there are only a few left! "Is quoted the allusions in the Analects of Confucius. Confucius said in The Analects: "I am too weak to dream of Duke Zhou. "If Confucius laments that it is not good; If Xin Qiji quotes, he will lament that political ideals cannot be realized. Xin Qiji was fifty-nine years old when he wrote this word, and he had been in exile for many years, so it is natural to sigh like this. Here "there are only a few left" is connected with the conclusion of "people who know me, two or three sons" to emphasize the word "scattered"

Then, "The white hair hangs three thousands of feet, laughing at everything on earth." Ask what can make the public happy? Between the lines, Li Bai's Qiu Puge, Three Thousand White Hair and Shi Shuo Xin Yu Chong Li Pian recorded the story of Xun Wang's "being able to make a monarch (referring to Jin Sima Huan Wen) happy", telling him that he could not find a satisfied friend except hurting his boss, and wrote the relationship between the world and his loneliness at this time.

"I see how charming Castle Peak is, and I expect Castle Peak to see me like this" is all the warning. Because there is nothing pleasing to the eyes of the poet, he has to pour his deep feelings into nature, not only finding Castle Peak "charming", but also feeling that Castle Peak seems to regard the poet as "charming". This is the same artistic technique as Li Bai's Sitting Alone in the Pavilion. This technique first wedges the feelings of the aesthetic subject into the object, and then dyes the image of the object with the feelings of the subject, thus revealing the inner feelings of the aesthetic subject. In this way, the subjective consciousness in the works is greatly strengthened, which is easy to infect readers.

The following "feeling and appearance are slightly similar." Two words, love, refers to the poet's feelings; Appearance refers to the appearance of green hills. There are many similarities between them, such as loftiness, tranquility and youthful vitality. Here, the author compares his feelings with those of Castle Peak, and euphemistically expresses his great ambition that he would rather be lonely than go along with the traitors.

The author used allusions in the next paragraph of the word. "A statue is scratching its head in the east window, thinking about the poem" Stop the Cloud ",which is a flavor at this time." Tao Yuanming's Stop the Cloud contains poems such as "Good friends wander and scratch their heads" and "Drinking at the east window". Xin Qiji condensed it in one sentence to imagine the charm of Tao Yuanming's poems. Here the author also mentioned Tao Yuanming, aiming at Tao's own situation.

"Jiang Zuoshen seeks fame, do you know the mystery of muddy mash?" Two sentences, on the surface, seem to be reprimanding those celebrities in the Southern Dynasties who are "the meaning of drunkenness is not wine" (Su Shi's Twenty Drinks with Tao, the third); In fact, ironically, there were no Tao Yuanming-style drinking aristocrats in the Southern Song Dynasty, but only some rulers who lived a drunken life.

The following two sentences, "I don't hate the ancients for not seeing me, but I hate the ancients for not seeing my crazy ears", are similar in syntax to the last movie "I See Castle Peak", which shows the author's contempt for ancient and modern heroism. The "ancients" mentioned here are not ordinary ancients, but people like Tao Yuanming. According to the third volume of Historical Records of York, whenever Xin Qiji entertained guests, "she would be ordered to sing what she had done. The word "He Xinlang" is a very good song, reciting its epigram:' I see how charming Qingshan is, but I expect Qingshan to see me like this.' He also said,' I don't hate the ancients, only that they didn't see my crazy ears. At this point, I laughed and laughed, and the consultant sat among the guests. "It serves to show that Xin Qiji is very conceited about couplets.

Summarize a sentence: "Those who know me, two or three sons." No one has made a special textual research on "Ersanzi". Some people think it was Chen Liang. But in my personal opinion, I might as well broaden my horizons and include the ancients Tao Yuanming, Qu Yuan and even Confucius. Xin Qiji lamented that there were not many like-minded friends at that time, similar to Qu Yuan's lament that "everyone was drunk, I woke up alone" and worried about the country and the people. His seclusion in Lead Mountain is somewhat similar to Tao Yuanming's seclusion in Nanshan.

Night parking near Fengqiao Zhangji

original text

On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps by fishing (2).

Hanshan Temple (3) outside Gusu City, and the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship (4).

All comments

(1) Qiao Feng: Outside Nagato, Suzhou today. The title of this poem is "Sleeping at Night on Maple Bridge".

2. Jiangfeng: a maple tree by the water. Fishing fire: a lamp on a fishing boat. People who can't sleep because of worry. Later generations named the local mountain "Sorrow Sleep" because of this poem.

3. Gusu: another name for Suzhou, named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city. Hanshan Temple: Near Qiao Feng, it was built in the Southern Liang Dynasty. According to legend, it was named after the Tang priest who lived in Hanshan found it.

(4) Meng Xun: At that time, the monk temple had the habit of ringing the bell at midnight, which was also called "impermanent clock". Ceng Yun in Ouyang Xiu's Poem on June 1st said: "Poets are greedy for good sentences, but they are unreasonable and their words are sick." For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying,' Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City knocks on passenger ships at midnight'. It is better for people to say it, for example, midnight is not the time to ring the bell. "Geng Xi Shi Hua" demonstrates here: "However, I used to be an official in Gusu, and every three drums were exhausted. From the beginning of the fourth drum, the bells of all temples rang. I think it has existed since the Tang Dynasty. After observing Gu Yu's poems, he said, "Be sure to know your friends at home and listen to the midnight bell of Goushan in the distance." Bai Letian said, "Under the new autumn pine, after midnight." Wen Tingyun said:' Looking back at the leisure list frequently, there is no midnight clock in the window.' So the elder said, not just Zhang. Sun Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in his quatrain "Crossing the Qiao Feng Temple": "To grow old together and dream back, the castle peak will not change its old appearance. The moon sets at the temple near the bridge, and it is still midnight to lean on the pillow. " "Poetry" said: "Zhang Ji's" Midnight Bell Knocks on Passenger Ships "tells a lot of people, all of whom were fooled by the old people. Poetry flows from the scenery only in the tone of melody, and the combination of interest and image is only a fact. How can he be idle? Whether it is right or wrong in the middle of the night, whether the bell is heard or not is unknown. " "Don't pick up the money in Tang Poetry": "Midnight bells are either wrong or there are midnight bells here, which is not a solution. If you want it, the poet can't be persistent. If you persist, then' the morning bell is wet outside the clouds',' the clock and the white clouds' and' the fallen leaves are full of sparse clocks' are all unreasonable. "

Distinguish and appreciate

This is the most famous poem in Dali. The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. It is difficult to see things at night without a moon, fishing and fire are eye-catching, frost and snow are cold; At midnight, in silence, I heard crows and bells. With such a contrast between silence and sound, the scenery is all in love and the sound is all in my heart. The artistic conception is scattered, and the faint guest worries are touched by light and meaningful, swaying in the night sky of Gusu City, adding eternal amorous feelings to a bridge, a water, a temple and a city there, attracting people. The whole poem begins with a sad word. "Three Episodes of Tang Poetry": "The whole poem begins with' melancholy sleep', and the beauty lies in silence." "Zhaisha Tang Poetry": "The word' sad sleep' is the whole chapter." He teased the word "worry" and wrote that night in vain, tossing and turning. "Interpretation of Ancient Poetry": "This poem is the best, like a connection, like a break, like a connection."

[meaning]

The moon sets, crows crow, and autumn frost fills the sky.

The maple trees by the river lit the fishing fire on the boat and left me to sleep alone.

The lonely and quiet Hanshan Temple outside Gusu,

The bell that rang in the middle of the night reached my passenger ship.

[Appreciation]

"a night-mooring near maple bridge" describes an autumn night, when a poet berthed at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries, which made him appreciate a meaningful poetic beauty and wrote this poem with far-reaching artistic conception. Expressed the poet's lonely and sad thoughts and feelings during his journey.

Why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence wrote three closely related scenes: "The moon sets, crows crow and the sky is covered with frost". The first quarter moon rises early, and when the moon sets, it is about dawn, and birds in the trees will also crow at dawn. The "frost" of autumn night is suffused with the chill of soaking bones and muscles, which surrounds the poet's boat from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside is filled with frost. In the second sentence, the poet used "Jiang Feng" and "fishing fire" to stay up all night.

Summary: The first two sentences describe six kinds of scenes, namely "the moon sets", "crows", "first frost is full of sky", "Jiangfeng", "fishing fire" and the guests on board who stayed up all night. The last two sentences only describe the scene of Meng Xun ringing the bell and boarding the boat at Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. The first two sentences were seen by the poet, and the last two sentences were heard by the poet. In the silent night, I suddenly heard the distant bell. How did the poet feel when he stayed up all night? Facing the Jiang Feng fishing fire wandering in the frosty night, I felt a faint sadness. This poem "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth of the night. Needless to say, the poet feels all kinds of unspeakable feelings when lying down and listening to the bell.

This poem is written in flashback, first writing the scene at dawn, and then recalling the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is vivid, affectionate and harmonious.