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Seeking Books: Yangzhou Comments Ten Returns to Song Dynasty

The Water Margin is one of the most famous and distinctive traditional bibliographies in Yangzhou's commentary. It is based on the classic novel Water Margin. The book includes six parts: Lin Chong, Lu, Song Jiang, Shi Xiu, Lu Junyi and Houshui Lake, all of which are long. Each part can be connected in sequence, or it can be told independently. Except Houshui Lake, all other ministries are adapted from the original works.

The related ten chapters were also called "Lin, Lu, Wu, Song, History and Lu" in the early years.

Comments on the Water Margin have a long history, which can be traced back to Mr. Liu Jingting, a great storyteller in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Wang Deshan, Fan Songnian, Xue Jiahong and others were good at telling this book during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Yangzhou's commentary on the Water Margin, which has been handed down to this day, began in the years of Daoguang and Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, and there are two schools of thought that complement each other. Among them, the granddaddy of Deng Guangdou is called "Water Margin of Deng Men", and the descendants of Deng Dou's son have the word "Tang" in their stage names, so they are also called "Water Margin of Tang People". The most famous is the family heirloom, which was later called "Water Margin" by Wang School. Another major series began with Xu, who inherited the Song Dynasty. There were many apprentices in the Song Dynasty, and the stage names of their descendants mostly contained the word "Zhang", so it was also called "Zhang is the Water Margin". Ma Zhang Han, who is well-known in the world of books, came from this gate and was handed down from generation to generation, and was later called "Ma Pai Shui Hu". Both Deng Guangdou and Song can talk about the whole water margin, but later their descendants specifically talked about it once or twice, and the number of people who can talk about the whole water margin gradually decreased. Later, through the continuous processing of several generations of storytellers, each book has a lot of expansion and development, adding a lot of characters and details, adapting a lot of plots, enriching the content, making the characters more vivid and forming different artistic styles and schools. Compared with the original, the number of words in the book has also expanded several times or even dozens of times.

The artists who said "Water Margin" were the most, and many famous artists emerged. Among them, The Legend of Water Margin by Wang Pai has the highest artistic achievement. Wang Shaotang, the representative figure of the Water Margin of Wang School, is a masterpiece of various schools of thought, with vivid charm, exquisite words and sentences, and enjoys a high reputation in the book world. The recorded manuscripts of these four books dictated by him are probably more than 5 million words.

Lin Chong and Lu: Also known as Lin He, because of their overlapping contents, they are often put together, which is called the Forest and Land Club. The main plot is that Lu Da spoke out bravely, killed the town of Kansai, fled to become a monk, and gained profound fame and wisdom. He was drunk and in trouble. His teacher sent him to Suoguo Temple in Tokyo to see Lin Chong. Tu Zhan, the son of Qiu, Lin Chong's wife, set a trap for Lin Chong. Fortunately, I got to the rescue. Gao sent people to Cangzhou to harm Lin Chong, who killed the bearer. With the help of Chai Jin, he went to Liangshan on a snowy night. Then seven people, such as Classical and Wu Yong, outsmarted the birth class, and Lin Chonghuo merged with Wang Lun. Later, Song Jiang angered Yan's western suburbs and finally found his brother in yanggu county, Song Wu. In the story, Lin Chong's wife hanged herself, Lu cried wrongly, and Yin Tengjiao was unjustly imprisoned in Kaifeng, all of which were created by storytellers. Among the artists who said "The Water Margin", Ma has the highest achievement and is also the representative bibliography of "The Water Margin of Ma School". The book is divided into 2 1 chapters, including punching Guanxi Town, Drunken Mountain Gate, Taohua Village, Burning Crock Temple, Pulling Willow, Playing Tianqi Temple, Misplaying Baihutang, Tenggong Solving Cases, Playing Wild Pig Forest and Flooding, etc. Yangzhou Cultural Bureau has the Ten Chapters of Ma and the Oral Record of Ma Hanting's Brother.

Song Wu: Also known as Wu. The story is about Song Wu looking for his brother, passing by Jingyanggang to shoot tigers and becoming a county magistrate. His sister-in-law, Pan Jinlian, committed adultery with Ximen Qing, poisoned Wu Dalang, killed Pan and Simon, surrendered herself and sent him to Mengzhou. Kind-hearted, Jiang Menshen was beaten as drunk as a fiddler because of an unjust case, framed by Zhang Dujian and sent to Zhou En. Jiang Menshen instigated thugs to plot against him in the middle, and Song Wu killed him to solve his errand and evil slave, and returned to Mengzhou to kill the enemy at night. Later, with the help of Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Qing, he disguised himself as a monk, passed through centipede ridge and came to Erlong Mountain, where he wiped out the wicked monks Janice and Li Er. Passing through Baihu Town, I met Song Jiang, and finally I met Lu and Yang Zhizhi to get rid of Erlong Mountain and become an outlaw. This ten-hour book is known as "the tiger rises from the dragon and receives it". The book is divided into 10 chapters, namely, killing tigers in Jingyanggang, killing sisters-in-law and offering sacrifices to brothers, fighting and killing Ximen Qing, crossing slopes and spreading shops, drunkenly beating Jiang Menshen, fighting and flying clouds, killing prisons at night, walking centipede ridge at night, hanging white tiger town, and going out to Erlong Mountain.

Song Wu is the most complete structure in Water Margin, and the protagonist Song Wu runs through the book with twists and turns. Storytellers of all ages have enriched, supplemented and adapted this book. Like Chen Hong's Novel, Chen Hong's Debate, Visiting Wenkang and Wenkang's Debate, the book publishers Chen Hong and Wenkang are both characters created by storytellers. Although the two "arguments" look like articles, they have different techniques and plots. In recent decades, most people who wrote Water Margin talked about "Song Wu". For example, Ma Chunfang, the second daughter of Ma, said that this book was famous for a while, and Ma, the eldest daughter, also said that this book entered the book industry. Wang Shaotang's performance before his death was even more perfect. For example, in the section of "Blood Splashing on the Yuanyang Building", Song Wu jumped to his feet and killed three people in two and a half steps. One move and one type were explained in detail, and one paragraph was excusable, which was better than the scene at that time. During the period of 1959, Jiangsu People's Publishing House recorded Wang Shaotang's dictation, which was edited by Sun Jiaxun and Sun Long, a research group of Yangzhou Pinghua, and published in 10 chapters and 58 sections, with a total of 800,000 words. 1984 reprinted. 1989, China Quyi Publishing House published Song Wu Oral Edition of Queen Litang. Some famous sinologists abroad, such as (Russia) and (France), have made in-depth studies and highly praised them in their speeches and comments. Other people who can tell this book today are Li Xintang, Liu Xitang, Hui Zhaolong and others.

Song Jiang: Also known as Ten Songs, it is a long story that can be told independently after Song Wu. The main plot is: Song Jiang and Song Wu went to visit Huarong in Qingfeng Village after breaking up in Baihushan, but missed Qingfeng on the way and met Wang Ying and other heroes. After watching the lanterns in Qingfeng Village, they went to prison with Huarong Road, Wang Ying robbed the prison car, Song Jiang defeated the officers and men in the art of war, and Qin Ming and Huang Xin went up the mountain to gather righteousness. Qin Ming's family was killed in Qingzhou, and everyone abandoned the village to Liangshan to avenge Qin Ming. Song Jiang picked up a book halfway, returned home, was arrested, and sent to Jiangzhou, where he met many Jianghu heroes along the way. Later, he wrote an anti-poem in Xunyanglou and went to prison again. Liangshan heroes and heroes along the river made a Jiangzhou court robbery, and Song Jiang and others went to Liangshan. The book is divided into 65,438+00 chapters, namely, Jiaqiaoyi in Qingfeng Mountain, Yuanxiao in Qingfeng Village, Noisy Qingzhou, Songjiang Interpretation, Noisy Jiangzhou, Liangshan Ding, Juyi along the River, Mixed City, Robbery of the Law Field and Capture of Huang Wenbing alive. It can be said that there are more than 70 scenes.

Song Jiang runs through the book, focusing on heroes such as Song Jiang, Li Kui jy, Dai Zong, Zhang Heng and Zhang Shun, describing their tortuous experiences in Liangshan in detail, and sketching villains such as Huang Wenbing and Murong Magistrate. Storytellers of past dynasties have enriched and developed many plots on the basis of the original works, such as the Lantern Festival interspersed with many street couplets and lanterns, details such as Song Jiang and playing riddles. More famous is the section "Half-Blood City", in which many heroes disguised as 36 lines and tens of thousands of words went into the city, and they explained them incisively and meticulously. Another example is that Song Jiang boarded the Xunyang Building again after being rescued, which is the creation of storytellers. This book is also the representative work of Mr. Wang Shaotang. He told the book with fluent and steady character language and meticulous description, and created a brand-new image of Song Jiang. At the same time, through the description of the Lantern Festival scene and the introduction and imitation of various trades, the old social life and folk customs are vividly reproduced, which has become a model for young artists to follow. 1962, edited by Yangzhou Pinghua research group, unpublished, and the later manuscripts and recordings were lost. After many efforts, 1985 was published by Jiangsu People's Publishing House with1050,000 words. Several plots, such as "Wang Ying Noisy Pavilion" and "Shu Tian of Sung River", have been deleted from the collation.

Shi Xiu: Also known as Stone. It mainly tells that Dai Zhong met Shi Xiu in Jizhou, invited Liangshan Juyi, and Shi Xiu promised to go up the mountain in autumn. Pan Qiaoyun, the wife of Shi Xiu's sworn brother Yang Xiong, had an affair with an adulterer. Shi Xiu found out that Pan was plotting to turn Yang and Shi against each other, and Shi Xiuzhi killed the adulterer. Yang Xiong finally knew the truth, and they designed to lure Pan Qiaoyun to Cuiping Mountain to be executed, and ran to Liangshan with time. I spent the night in Zhujiazhuang on the way and was caught stealing chickens when I moved. Shi Xiu called for help in Liangshan. Liangshan sent troops to attack Zhujiazhuang. After World War III in Gaotangzhou, Chai Jin was rescued from the mountain, and Hu Yanzhuo, who came to suppress the mountain, was subdued. Finally, the heroes of Sanshan fought Qingzhou together to avenge Qin Ming, and all the heroes returned to Shui Bo. Storytellers also enrich the plot characters of this book, especially by making Shiqian appear in advance and teasing Yang Xiong and Shi Xiu, making the plot more vivid and interesting. The book is divided into 10 chapters, which are Shi Xiu in the long street, killing a monk by wisdom, making a scene in Cuiping Mountain, stealing chickens when moving away, one beat in Zhujiazhuang, two beats in Zhujiazhuang, three beats in Zhujiazhuang, three beats in Gaotangzhou, Huyanzhuo Zhengshan and three mountains Juyi. 1995 Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House published Wang Litang's Performing Shi Xiu.

Lu Junyi: Formerly known as Lu Shihui. The main story is that Hero Duan stole a BMW and wanted to give it to Classical, but it was taken away by Zengtou City. Classical went down the mountain to suppress it and was killed by a poisoned arrow. Liangshan designed to earn Lu Junyi to go up the mountain, but Lu refused. Lu Jia's wife had an affair with the housekeeper, drove Yan Qing away and reported Lu's affairs to Liangshan officials. Lu was arrested after returning to China, and was almost assassinated on the way to escort. Liangshan three dozen famous government, Guan Sheng, finally rescued Lu Junyi. Lu Junyi helped Liangshan capture Shi Wengong alive. After that, Song Jiang and Lu Junyi were self-effacing castellans, so they divided their forces, subdued Dong Ping and ZQQ respectively, and made Song Jiang the castellan according to the victory or defeat. Stories such as exorcising demons and exorcising demons in Wu paintings are all made up by storytellers, while stories such as Wu fortune-telling, Yan Qing escorting, and taking them alive are much richer than the original. The book is divided into 65,438+00 chapters, that is, more than a dozen Zengtou cities, including the disasters of Lu Junyi and Lu Junyi, more than a dozen famous houses, Guan Sheng, two dozen famous houses, two dozen Zengtou cities, three dozen Zengtou cities, and worshipping the castellan in Liangshan, which can be said for more than 40 times. 1995 Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House published Wang Litang's performance of Lu Junyi.

After the Water Margin: The story is divided into two parts. The first part mainly tells the story of the court's three courtship to Liangshan heroes, interspersed with the stories of Yan Qing's three meetings with Li Shishi, Tai 'an prefect Ren Yuan's pendulum rolling, two victories over Tongguan, three defeats against Gao Qiu, the riot at jy Loyalty Hall in Li Kui, three dozen Tiefo temples, and storytellers' increasing relocation to attract relatives and chrysanthemum parties. Finally, Liangshan hero was chased to Beijing, and 108 Jinmen crossed the team and came to an end. Today, Yangzhou's comment on "Water Margin" refers to this end. Before the fifties, the old artist Ma could talk about "crossing the Golden Gate Team"; Since 1980s, only Wang and his biological father have studied this book together and can name Ren Lei. In 2002, China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Publishing House published Wang's oral version of After the Water Margin, with a VCD commentary of "Song Jiang eats loach fish" attached to the book. In addition, the Yangzhou Municipal Bureau of Culture also collected some transcripts of Ma, about 300,000 words. The second half mainly tells the story of Song Jiang ordering Liao, attacking and fighting Wang Qing and winning Fang La. As for the people who can speak this book, only Deng Guangdou and Song, and now no one can speak it. However, their descendants once said in the book that "Fang La will be caught with one arm in the future", which is quite different from what Lu said in the original book about catching Fang La. It can be seen that Deng and Song Dynasties greatly revised and processed this book in the past.

The above constitutes the basic prototype of Yangzhou's comment on Water Margin. Wang Shaotang, Ma, Li, Kong Xizhang, Wang, Wang Litang and other famous critics of Water Margin in Yangzhou. Attached below are biographies of two representative artists, Wang Shaotang and Ma.

Wang Shaotang: (1889— 1968) Yangzhou storyteller. Father and uncle Wang were born in a storyteller's family. They are both famous for Water Margin. At the age of seven, he studied with his father, performed on stage at the age of nine, and told stories independently at the age of twelve. In addition to family heirlooms, the performance also absorbed the strengths of senior artist Kang Guohua and artists of the same age, such as Liu Chunshan and Zhu Dechun, and combined them to create. He is good at talking about "Wu, Song, History and Lu" in Water Margin, and has carried out reforms and innovations in both content and form, and is known as the "Water Margin of Wang School". In 1930s, Shanghai had the reputation of "Mei Lanfang at the theatre and Wang Shaotang at the book". 1959 joined China, and was once a member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and vice chairman of China Quyi Workers Association. 1989165438+10, the Chinese Quyi Artists Association, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Culture and other units jointly held the "Celebration of the Centennial Birthday of Yangzhou Pinghua Master Wang Shaotang" in Nanjing and Yangzhou.

In the relationship between teachers and students, Wang Shaotang not only accepted the artistic expertise of Deng's The Water Margin, but also inherited the unique style of The Water Margin of the Song School. He also learned nutrition from books such as The History of the Three Kingdoms, The History of the Western Han Dynasty and Eight, and learned from each other's strong points to make up for each other's shortcomings. Its storytelling features are: exquisite and solid tables, accurate words, cadence, distinct rhythm and strong execution of words. When talking about the watch, the tone is sonorous, and you can see the temperature in detail; Dialogue is like talking face to face, friendly and natural. He also attaches great importance to acting skills, and works hard on "mouth, hand, body, step and spirit". He is neither famous nor famous, accurate and powerful, and his modeling is realistic.

Wang Shaotang's Water Margin not only retains the main characters, basic plots and characteristics of the original work, but also greatly develops and promotes the characterization, the addition of minor characters, the supplement, arrangement and rendering of plots, the description of details and even the popularity and vividness of language. More importantly, it makes the style and features of urban life in old China, especially Yangzhou, clearly presented to the audience in the past hundred years. Through some appropriate confessions, he commented on the characters, explained the plot, compared the past and the present, and pointed out the theme; That is, through "talking about the present and discussing the past to wake up the world", it will play its role of "waking up the world".

Ma: (1899— 1965) Yangzhou native, Hui nationality. /kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he took the horse as his teacher and studied Ten Times of Wushu. /kloc-debuted at the age of 0/6 and said more than 40 books. /kloc-after returning to his alma mater at the age of 0/9, he was able to perform more than 200 consecutive performances after learning Forty Years and Water Margin by Lin, Song, Shi and Lu. Later, he also asked Wang Shaotang for art, and his calligraphy became more and more refined, becoming one of the most famous books in the world. He said that the table is steady and firm, hot and sweet, pays attention to the shaping and depiction of roles, and depicts different key figures in different paragraphs. For example, Liu Tang in "The Outline of Taking a Birth by Wisdom" and the passage of time in "Ren Bai Yuan Lei" are vivid, and the use of "Wharf Dialect" is wonderful, especially the laughter of various characters is vivid and vivid, which left a deep impression on the audience. Its performance style is known as "Ma Pai Shui Hu". Calligraphers, women Ma Chunfang, Ma. In 1950s, he joined Yangzhou Opera Improvement Association, was elected as the director of Yangzhou Quyi Workers Association from 65438 to 0959, and joined Yangzhou Quyi Troupe from 65438 to 0960. He died in 1965.