Archaeological Discovery of Suizhou Museum

For a long time, a large number of bronzes from the Shang and Zhou dynasties have been unearthed in Suizhou, such as Hubei Houqi Group, Zeng Guo Group, 2S, Profile, Lang, Cup (Middle), Chen and Container. It provides rich materials for studying the local history of Suizhou in the pre-Qin period.

1975, four bronzes were discovered in, including Ding, Gui, Jue and Dan. Dear, this era is the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Which one is it in? Respect the Hubei Hou. In June 2007 +065438+ 10, a number of precious bronzes were unearthed, including Fang Ding, Gui, Zan and He? , lamp, plate, hanging beam, respect, There are 27 pieces, most of which have inscriptions, belonging to Hubei bronzes. According to the characteristics of artifacts and the arrangement of graves, they should belong to the ancient tombs in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, numbered M4. These bronzes provide important information for studying the history of ancient Hubei and the relationship between Hubei and Zeng.

According to Yu Zheng, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Shi Bo replied to Zheng Huangong: "... as a week, there are also, Shen, Lu, Ying, Deng, Chen, Cai, Sui and Tang in the south ..." Wei said: "Ying, Cai, Sui and Tang Dou are surnamed Ji." It shows that Sui State was established in the south of Chengzhou (the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, now the east of Luoyang City, Henan Province) at the latest in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, hence the name Sui State. According to Zuo Zhuan, in the early Spring and Autumn Period, Sui Kingdom was once a great eastern country that could compete with Chu. The discovery of the tomb of Zeng Houyi has caused people to disagree with the state on the issue of land view. In the ancient books handed down from ancient times, only Ji, who has the same surname as Zhou Tianzi, followed the country, and there was no Zeng country. In the sixth year of Zuo Zhuan, it was said that "the country of Han Dong is as long as it is". The country of "Gou" or "postal" recorded in the literature is Xiang, which is located in Fangcheng, Henan and Zaozhuang East, Shandong respectively. 1933, the discovery of "Zeng Ji did not unload the pot" in Shouxian County, Anhui Province clearly showed that there was a Zeng Guo. 1980, Brother Yin Jilan and Brother Sun Jilan were found in Yigang, the eastern suburb of Suizhou. Yin Jilan, the eldest brother, is the grandson of the West Palace, the son of the former monarch Mu Hou, also known as Zhou Wangsun, which indicates that it was indeed the country named Ji that was enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty. Since the 1960s, a large number of bronzes with inscriptions from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period have been unearthed in Suizhou and nearby Jingshan, Xiangyang, Zaoyang, Xinye, Luoshan and Xichuan, but there are no national inscriptions. The appearance and existence period of the country in the literature are consistent with the central area and time limit of Zeng cultural relics excavation. According to scholars' research, the capital of Sui State is located in Anju Town, west of Sui State and east of Dishui, which shows that Sui State in the literature is a Zeng State with Sui State as the center and is another name for a country. These inscriptions are of great value to the study of Zeng (Sui) history and the relationship between Zeng and vassal States.

1976, bronze wares 16 were unearthed from a tomb in Zhoujiagang, Taer, Wandian, including Ding, Gui, Hu, Pan, Zha, Ge and Che. This group is exquisitely made, dignified in shape and neatly decorated, and it is a fine product of Zeng bronzes. Among them, the inscriptions were cast on 2 Ding, 2 Gui, 1 and 1 plates. Who made the tripod and the plate? Ji Kuoji is the broad surname of Ji, and the owner of Gui is Zeng Taibao. Two? Butyl flat shoes, ears folded abdomen, the era is early spring and autumn. This tripod was unearthed in the tomb of Zeng State from the early Spring and Autumn Period to the mid-Warring States Period. For example, in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the flat-bottomed waist-girding tripod on Liujiaya has the inscription "Ascending tripod", and scholars believe that "Ascending tripod" means climbing tripod. Zeng Guo ascended the tripod earlier than the early Chu Ding and Huang Ding, and there should be a relationship between them. Since the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, Ding Sheng has developed into a typical container of Chu culture, the so-called "Chu Ding".

Yidigang in the eastern suburb is an important distribution place of tombs of Zeng State, and bronze wares of Zeng State have been unearthed many times. 1979 Ding and Ding were unearthed in the ditch dug by Bayi Brigade of suburban commune. Bronzes, such as chimes, belong to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. Among them, there is a bronze inscription, including a son of Chen, a great duke Yin Ji and a Zhou Wang Ji Sun. In the same year, bronze wares 12, such as ding, pot and plate, were unearthed in Bajiaolou, belonging to the early Spring and Autumn Period. During the period of 1993, farmers discovered seven relics of Zeng State in the early Spring and Autumn Period, including bronzes, plates and crutches. During the period of 1994, Suizhou Petroleum Company discovered three tombs of Zeng State, namely Ding, Zan, Wei, Fang Dou, Hu, Pan, Guai, Ge and Arrow, while building oil tank piers in the south of Yidigang Cemetery. Among them, Ding, Pan and Za were found in three tombs, while weapons were only found in one tomb, dating back to the late Spring and Autumn Period. U 1 The six bronze inscriptions unearthed were all made by Zeng Shaozai Huang, the four bronze inscriptions unearthed were made by Ke, and the bronze inscriptions unearthed were Zeng Houlang Ding and Zeng Zhongji Hu. Many weapons of Zeng Houlang were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi. Zeng Houlang was Ceng Houyi's father. From this point of view, Yidigang cemetery should be the cemetery of Zeng nobles from the early Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period.

1980, 27 bronze wares such as ding, chopsticks, pots, spoons and chimes were unearthed from a tomb in Liujiaya, Junchuan. According to expert research, the tripod in the tomb is a China vessel. During the period of 1975, several batches of bronzes were discovered one after another when Liujiaya Beishanbao was converted into farmland, among which the complete bronzes were Ding, Guihe? Pots, plates, spoons, etc. Among them, most of them belong to the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period except Zan and Pan, which belong to the middle and late Warring States Period. 1974, four bronzes were found on the north bank of Shui Jun in Shangdian, Sanligang, including one bronze 1 piece and two bronzes destroyed by Langgong. Some scholars believe that Langgong is a country name and may be one of the "Hanyang Sisters", whose land was in Sanligang area and was later destroyed. 1975, in Liaoyang commune? A number of bronzes were found in the mouth of silver carp on the west bank of the water, many of which have inscriptions, belonging to Zeng, Chu and other countries, reflecting the exchange and integration between countries at that time.

1978, the No.1 tomb of Leigudun, also known as the tomb of Zeng Houyi, was excavated in the western suburbs. The owner of the tomb was Zeng Guo Jun in the early Warring States period. More than 15000 pieces of bronze ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, chariots and horses, jade products, lacquered wood and bamboo slips were unearthed from the tomb. The bronze ritual vessels include 1 17 vessels, 17 vessels and 65 musical instruments. And Ding, Wei and? , stoves, reeds, baskets, beans, tripods, boxes, spoons, etc. There are 29 kinds of wine, such as Da Zun, Lian Ban, Lian Chaihu, Jian, Zun Pan, altar, filter, plate and spoon. Water utensils include small-mouth tripod, rotary tripod, round mirror, washbasin, cup, rotary bucket and so on. Use charcoal stove, dustpan, leakage shovel, ballast, fumigator, cylinder, hook, staghorn crane, knife, knife, chisel, etc. A large number of bronze weapons and chariots and horses were unearthed in the tomb, including Ge, spear, halberd, Shu, Jin and Shu. There are more than 230 exquisite lacquered woodwork and 320 gold jade articles. Among them, 65 pieces, such as chimes, braided monsters, venerable plates, staghorn cranes, great statues, swords, cauldrons, golden lanterns, sixteen-section dragons and jade ornaments, are national treasures. The discovery of the tomb of Zeng Houyi provided a clear dating scale for the study of tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, especially in the early Warring States period. It provides valuable physical data for the study of local history in the pre-Qin period: 65 bells reflect the high achievements and levels in music, metallurgical casting, physical acoustics, mechanics, ancient Chinese characters, aesthetics and art in the pre-Qin period in China; The unearthed inscriptions on bronze, stone carvings, woodcuts, bamboo slips and lacquered ink are 12696 words, which are precious documents for studying the history of pre-Qin China.

198 1 in July, the No.2 tomb of Leigudun was discovered in the western suburbs, which is 0/02m away from the tomb of Zeng Houyi. The owner of the tomb was Zeng, earlier in the middle of the Warring States Period. A total of 449 cultural relics (groups) were unearthed, including 328 bronze ritual vessels, musical instruments, utensils, chariots and horses, ornaments and so on. , including Ding, Wei, Zan, Gui, Dou, Kettle, Pot, Zun and Qiang. Its scientific excavation not only enriches the development sequence of bronze wares in Zeng State, but also provides important material data for in-depth study of the late history of Zeng State, burial system, music history, model casting technology, and the interaction between Zeng State culture and Chu culture. In particular, the unearthed 36-mouth harmony bells are the complete set of chime combinations second only to those of Zeng Houyi in China.

Suizhou is located in the blending zone of North and South cultures. His cultural view is not only an extension of the Central Plains culture, but also creates his own style on the basis of inheriting the weekly system. At the same time, due to the influence of Chu culture, Suizhou has some characteristics of Chu culture, which reflects the special geographical location and cultural environment of this area.

After the reunification of Qin Shihuang, Suizhou enjoyed political stability and economic development, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. Only the outlaw uprising led by Wang Kuang and Wang Feng in the new headstrong period, the establishment of Yang Jian's People's Republic of China (PRC) in the early Sui Dynasty, and the flag-raising in the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties were historical events.

1March, 990, a brick tomb was found in the reconstruction project of Dongfeng oil depot of Suizhou Petroleum Company, and pottery such as pots, cans, urns, beans, plates, bowls, cups, pots and stoves were unearthed, belonging to the middle Eastern Han Dynasty. This brick multi-chamber tomb is large in scale and unique in structure. It should be specially designed as a bionic lobby. It is divided into anterior chamber, ear chamber, middle chamber and posterior chamber. The front room is for the enjoyment of the hall, and the ear room is for daily necessities. The middle room is divided into left and right rooms. The left room faces north, the right room faces south, and the back room is small, leaving only 65438 pottery pigsty.

1April, 990, a brick tomb was found in the central building project of the office of retired cadres in the city, and important cultural relics such as pottery figurines and pottery buildings in the late Eastern Han Dynasty were unearthed. Among them, two large pottery figurines with weapons in their hands are all images of Hu people, and H 1: 15 is a kneeling figurine, followed by the inscription "This man eats big warehouses" in official script. Suizhou belonged to Nanyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Nanyang was an agricultural county in the Han Dynasty, which occupied an important position in the country. A large number of pottery warehouses and field molds were unearthed in the tombs.

2011kloc-01012 China cultural relics newspaper reported the great achievements of archaeological excavation of Yejiashan cemetery in Suizhou, Hubei Province, which is located in Jiangjia Village, xihe town, Suizhou Economic Development Zone. 20 1 1 year 65438+1 From October to June, Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology carried out the first-stage excavation of the cemetery, and found 65 tombs, including one chariot pit1seat. 739 pieces of pottery, bronze, porcelain, jade, lacquered wood and other cultural relics were unearthed.