How do you know if you have testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer is a well-known male tumor disease, and its incidence is on the rise in recent years. Suffering from testicular cancer will not only affect men's sexual life, but also affect men's fertility. Male friends are prone to testicular cancer if they don't pay attention to hygiene, so how to prevent it? We should always check whether the testicles have symptoms such as dull pain and swelling pain. Let's look at testicular cancer! Symptoms of testicular cancer (1) Testicular mass: The early symptoms are not obvious, and the typical manifestation is a gradually increasing painless mass, which is often found by accident and can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, simultaneously or successively. Generally, there is no obvious tenderness, the texture is hard, and it can be uneven and undulate in the later stage, and the light transmission test is negative.

(2) Local discomfort: About half of the patients have a feeling of heaviness of testicles or traction in scrotum, abdomen and groin, which is obvious when jumping or running, aggravated after standing for too long or being tired, or accompanied by mild pain.

(3) Acute testicular pain: rare. Most of them are caused by bleeding, ischemia or necrosis of testicular tumors, which can be manifested as strangulated inguinal hernia-like pain.

(4) Mass in lower abdomen or inguinal region: The malignant transformation of cryptorchidism often leads to the gradual enlargement of the mass in pelvic cavity or inguinal region and the loss of ipsilateral testis.

(5) Endocrine disorder: male breast hypertrophy, precocious puberty or feminization. It is more common in patients with trophoblastic carcinoma, interstitial cell carcinoma and embryonic carcinoma.

(6) Infertility: It is more common in children with bilateral cryptorchidism or bilateral testicular tumors.

(7) Metastasis symptoms: about 5%? 10% of testicular tumors have metastatic symptoms. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis can cause abdominal pain, backache and bone pain, supraclavicular or inguinal lymph node metastasis can cause local lymph node swelling or pain, orbital metastasis can cause visual impairment, lung metastasis can cause cough, chest pain and hemoptysis, and mediastinal metastasis is often misdiagnosed as esophageal cancer patients.

(8) Complications: Due to the influence of tumor on the tunica vaginalis, a few advanced patients may be complicated with hydrops or hemorrhage, resulting in hematoma.

How is testicular cancer caused? The etiology of testicular tumor is not very clear, and the related congenital factors include cryptorchidism, family history of first-degree relatives, infertility, mastopathy, testicular female syndrome and so on. Acquired factors include physical and chemical damage, hormone metabolism disorder, infection and so on. Cryptorchidism and ectopic testis are important factors of testicular tumor. The incidence of testicular tumors in patients with cryptorchidism is 20 ~ 40 times higher than that in normal people, and about 30% of patients with testicular tumors suffer from cryptorchidism. When cryptorchidism or ectopic testis does not descend, the ambient temperature is 2 ~ 4℃ higher than that in scrotum, which can promote testicular atrophy, spermatogenesis disorder and easy to become malignant.

Cryptorchidism may also be accompanied by congenital dysplasia or congenital defects, and it is easy to become malignant. Cryptorchidism is closely related to seminoma, and more than 80% of cryptorchidism tumors are seminoma. Trauma is considered to be another related factor of testicular tumor, but it is still difficult to determine or the patients who may have tumor are likely to aggravate the condition or cause spread due to trauma. Testis is an organ that produces hormones, so it is also considered that endocrine dysfunction may be related to the occurrence of testicular tumors.

Complications of testicular cancer 1, surgical complications of testicular cancer

Surgical treatment of testicular cancer will remove a testicle, but it will not cause infertility and will not affect sexual function. However, if the operation involves lymph nodes, it is likely to cause difficulty in ejaculation after recovery and affect sexual function.

2. Complications of radiotherapy for testicular cancer

Radiotherapy can interfere with sperm production and lead to infertility. For some men, sperm production may be limited and will eventually recover within a year or two.

3. Chemotherapy for testicular cancer

Some chemotherapy drugs can cause infertility.

How long can testicular cancer live? 1, the patient's physical and mental state

First of all, it is necessary to determine whether the patient can take care of himself, whether the blood items are normal, whether the body organs are failing, and whether the patient knows the condition. If the above problems are normal, the five-year survival rate of patients is very high.

2. The size and metastasis of the lesion

If testicular cancer is small and has no metastasis, it can be treated surgically. Early cancer has a one-third chance of being cured. If the lesion is very large or has distant metastasis, it means that the patient has reached the middle and late stage, and the clinical cure can be achieved by controlling the cancer cells in the whole body.

3. Can treatment control the disease?

Surgery, cell therapy and radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most common treatment methods, but the key depends on whether the treatment can control the disease.

4. Control postoperative metastasis and recurrence.

The data show that the recurrence rate of malignant tumor patients in China is as high as 80% one year after operation and 60% three years later. More than 80% people died of metastasis and recurrence of malignant tumors. Postoperative prevention of metastasis and recurrence is very important for patients.

If testicular cancer is found in time, the cure rate will reach 85%. Therefore, men should always check their sexual organs, preferably after taking a warm bath. If you find a bulge on your skin, you should go to the hospital immediately.

How should testicular cancer be treated? 1, radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is one of the methods to treat testicular cancer, that is, using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink the tumor. Experts say that radiotherapy is a local therapy, and the side effects are related to the therapeutic dose.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy, that is, chemotherapy, is also one of the methods to treat testicular cancer, mainly by killing cancer cells all over the body with anticancer drugs, which is generally used as an auxiliary method for surgical treatment.

3. Surgical therapy

Surgical treatment is an important method to treat testicular cancer, which can be applied to any type of testicular tumor. At present, radical orchiectomy through inguinal approach is emphasized.

4. Biological immunotherapy

Treatment of testicular cancer also includes biological immunotherapy. This is a new technical therapy with good therapeutic effect, especially for patients with advanced cancer, which can improve their quality of life.

To prevent testicular cancer 1 and maintain testicular hygiene. Pay attention to cleaning the testicles when taking a bath. Even if you don't take a bath, you should always clean the testicles, especially the parts covered by the foreskin, to prevent bacteria from breeding.

2. Prevent testicular damage. In daily life, we should prevent accidental injury to testicles, such as riding a bicycle, and minimize the oppression on testicles; In sexual life, but also to prevent damage to the testicles, to avoid the intense process of damage to the fragile testicles, buried hidden dangers of disease.

3. Self-examination of testicular diseases. The best time for self-examination is after bathing, especially after washing genitals with warm water. At this time, the skin is soft, touch the scrotum with your hand. If there is dull pain, swelling pain, or obvious asymmetry between the left and right testicles, you should be vigilant and seek medical advice in time.

4. Eat less food containing ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin is an important carcinogen, which is easy to induce testicular cancer, mainly caused by fungi growing on grains and coffee beans. Therefore, don't eat moldy grains.