What does each paragraph in the original text of Chapter 12 of The Analects mean?

1, Confucius said: "Learn from time to time without speaking? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? " ——& lt； Understand >

Confucius said, "Isn't it pleasant to study hard and review hard?" ? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I'm not disgusted or angry that people don't know me. Isn't that a gentleman? "

Moral: 1 This sentence is about learning methods. For knowledge, "learning" is only a cognitive process and "learning" is a consolidation process. In order to acquire more knowledge, it is necessary to unify "learning" with "learning". The second sentence is about learning pleasure. Visiting like-minded people can enhance friendship and learn from each other. The third sentence is about attitude. It is also the bearing and cultivation that Confucius thinks a gentleman should have.

2. Zeng Zitao: "I save myself three times a day-am I deceiving others?" Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? “——& lt； Learning >?

Ceng Zi said: "I will reflect on myself many times every day: Isn't it enough to think of others? Is it dishonest to associate with friends? Is the knowledge taught by the teacher that you are not proficient in? "

Morality: Confucianism attaches great importance to personal moral cultivation and shapes ideal personality. This sentence is the basic method of self-cultivation-introspection.

Confucius lived in a turbulent age, and it was common to kill his father for insurrection. Many people no longer pay attention to moral cultivation, and traditional ideas are in crisis, which Confucius does not want to see. His disciple, Ceng Zi, put forward the cultivation method of introspection and inner pursuit.

3. Confucius said: "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand at thirty, not be confused at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen to my ears at sixty, and do what I want at seventy, without exceeding the rules." ——& lt； Politics >

Confucius said: "I was interested in learning at the age of fifteen;" At the age of 30, I can stand on my own feet; Forty years old can understand things; At the age of fifty, I knew the laws and fate of nature; At the age of 60, he can distinguish right from wrong and listen calmly; At the age of 70, you can do whatever you want, but you don't overstep the bounds. "

Morality: There are reasonable factors in Confucius' moral cultivation. First, he saw that people's moral cultivation can't be completed overnight, and they can't make a surprise attack. It takes a long time to study and exercise, and there should be a gradual process. Second, the highest state of morality is the unity of thought, words and deeds, and consciously abide by moral norms, not reluctantly. These two points apply to anyone.

4. Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." ——& lt； Want politics?

Confucius said: "review the past and learn new things, and people can be teachers." . The original text and translation of the twelve chapters of the Analects of Confucius.

Moral: read the classics as widely as possible within your own ability, think about their meanings repeatedly, and review what you have learned regularly, so as to gain experience and understanding; And strive to absorb new knowledge; In this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and closing the door can also give the sages the meaning of the wisdom era.

5, Confucius: learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous. ——& lt； Politics >

Confucius said: "if you don't think deeply when reading, the more you learn, the more confused you become;" If you don't study, you will get nothing. "

Moral: This sentence is a reading and learning method advocated by Confucius. Only by combining learning with thinking can we learn practical and useful knowledge, otherwise it will have little effect. Let's talk about the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking. Learning without thinking, such as learning book knowledge, book knowledge is correct, incorrect, unthinking, and incorrect knowledge is accepted and deceived, so it is useless.

Correct knowledge, such as science, must be learned step by step. Thinking without learning and thinking according to scientific knowledge is easy to fall into misunderstanding. Only by combining learning with thinking can we learn correct knowledge and avoid thinking falling into misunderstanding.

6. Confucius said: "Xian Zai, come back! A spoonful of food, a spoonful of drink, in the mean lane, people can't bear their worries, and they won't change their fun when they go back. Xian zai, you come back! " ——& lt； Yongye >?

Confucius said, "Virtue, Yan Hui ate a small basket of rice and drank a ladle of water, and lived in a poor little house. No one can stand this poverty, but Yan Hui still hasn't changed his interest in Tao. Virtue, Yan Hui! "

Moral: Have a correct learning attitude, be willing to learn, and be happy in poverty. No matter what kind of environment we are in, we should regard learning as a pleasure.

7. Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy"?

Confucius said, "Those who know are not as good as those who love; People who love it are not as good as those who enjoy it. "

Moral: Learning is a happy thing. Only by taking learning as a pleasure can we learn better.

8. Confucius said: "Eating and drinking, bending your arms and resting on them, is also fun. Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. The original text and translation of the Twelve Chapters of the Analects of Confucius. " ——& lt； Say >

Confucius said, "Eating coarse grains, drinking white water, and bending your arms as a pillow will be fun. Wealth acquired by dishonest means is like a cloud in the sky to me.

Moral: Poverty is common, but personal cultivation should not be limited by poverty. Confucius advocated the spiritual quality of being poor and indifferent to fame and fortune.

9. Confucius said: "A threesome must have my teacher; Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " ——& lt； Say >?

Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them will be my teacher. I choose his good aspects to learn from him. When I see his bad aspects, I will correct my shortcomings for myself. "

Moral: Everyone has advantages and disadvantages. We should not only learn from the advantages of others, but also learn from their shortcomings and reflect on whether we have similar problems. ?

10, Zi Zaichuan said: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night." ——& lt； Zi Han >?

Confucius sighed by the river: "The time gone forever is like this river, day and night."

Moral: Time is fleeting, so we should cherish it and do something meaningful.

1 1, Confucius said: "The three armed forces can win the handsome, but the ordinary man can't win the ambition." ——& lt； Zi Han >?

Confucius said, "The commander-in-chief of the three armed forces can be changed, but the ambition of a man cannot be changed."

Moral: Everyone should have ambition, firm belief and unswerving determination.

12, Xia Zi said: "Be knowledgeable and determined, be inquisitive and thoughtful, and benevolence is among them." & lt Zhang Zi >?

Xia Zi said: "Being well-read and learning from others, being able to stick to your ambition, asking questions seriously and thinking more about current events, benevolence is one of them."

Moral: People should strengthen their faith, study extensively, integrate theory with practice, learn more, think more and ask more questions.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Analects of Confucius Chapter 12