A statement of fate

Origin "means" all laws begin with cause ". Simply put, the birth of all things or phenomena is the relationship and condition of mutual (relative) treatment. Without this relationship and condition, nothing or phenomenon can be born. Generally speaking, Hetu and Paccaya are relations and conditions. The Buddha once defined "origin" as follows: where there is, there is, where there is this life, there is an afterlife; If there is nothing here, there is nothing there; If there is nothing here, there is nothing there. These four sentences mean coexistence at the same time or at different times.

There is another saying:

The origin is' from the edge'. According to life' means' according to conditions'; "Qi" means "occurrence". So the origin is' the principle that various conditions produce phenomena'. Origin is the truth of origin, also known as' (idappaccayata^'), which refers to the interdependence of phenomena.

Phenomenon is impermanent, it changes frequently, but its change is not irregular, but changes under certain conditions. The law of this change is the origin. It has nothing to do with whether the Tathagata was born or not. It's Buddhism, it's fate.

The most basic theory of origin is the following sentence:' Everything happens for a reason, and there is a reason in this life; If there is no such reason, then there is nothing. If this is destroyed, it will be destroyed. "

And the sentence, which is the content of the law eye (enlightened wisdom):' All laws that are determined (caused) are destroyed.' It also tells the meaning of the origin theory. This sentence means' the phenomenon born of conditions will also disappear because of the disappearance of conditions'.

The theory of origin is produced by the theories of France and India. The doctrine of France and India is the fundamental feature of Buddhism. Therefore, the theory of origin is the fundamental theory of Buddhism, and origin can also be regarded as Buddhism. This is also reflected in the original classics. For example,' seeing the origin means seeing the Buddhism, and seeing the Buddhism means seeing the origin',' seeing the origin means seeing the Buddhism, seeing the Buddha'.

From primitive Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism, from Indian Buddhism to China and Japanese Buddhism. Almost all Buddhism is centered on the theory of origin. Therefore, if we can fully understand the origin theory, we can understand Buddhism. It can be said that the origin theory is not only the central idea of Buddhism, but also the difference between Buddhism and other religions and philosophies. This is the uniqueness of Buddhism.

The traditional Buddhist thought in China and Japan consists of two systems: the theory of origin and realism. The difference between them is that the theory of origin talks about the temporal relationship of phenomena, while realism talks about the spatial relationship of phenomena. The theory of origin actually talks about all the relations between time and space of phenomena. It also covers the relationship between facts produced by the time and space of phenomena and the logical relationship between phenomena. In this sense, all Buddhism can be covered in the theory of origin.

The ancient origin theories include: the origin theory of industry sense, the origin theory of Alayer's knowledge, the origin theory of Tathagata (or the origin theory of truth), the origin theory of Huayan Sect (endless origin theory) and the six theories of Shinrikyo. Realism includes Tiantai Sect and Sanlun Sect. Zen, chanting Buddha, etc. Also belong to the above system. Buddhism schools in China and Japan can be regarded as sects of two systems.

However, in Endless Origins of Hua Yan and Six Origins of Mantras, the origin theory not only talks about the time relationship of various laws, but also the relationship between space and logic. Moreover, the theory of reality is not only about the spatial and logical relations of various laws, but also includes the temporal relations of cause, cause, effect and report in the ten facts of various laws. Therefore, according to this point, it is unreasonable to strictly distinguish between the theory of origin and realism, and they should both be regarded as the theory of origin.

[Two Origins-General Origins and Value Origins] Origins correctly examine the activities and life phenomena of the universe as time, space and logic. Buddhism is different from philosophy or science. It is a simple and objective subject, which focuses on solving detailed problems in life. Therefore, Buddhism is not only a simple and objective activity to study the universe and life, but also a religion to study social and life activities with a certain range as the origin.

In this sense, there are two origins: general origin (external origin) and value origin (internal origin). Although Buddhism focuses on the origin of value, the general origin is also the foundation of Buddhism, which is expressed by metaphor. Therefore, in Buddhism, the general origin will also be mentioned. The basic sentence of the origin theory mentioned above,' There is something here, so there is something there', is the so-called general origin.

In short, all activities of society and life should be born and died according to the law of origin. Modern knowledge is the active rule to study causality in logic, psychology, physiology, physics, chemistry, politics, economy, society, religion and ethics of phenomena. However, the origin theory of Buddhism does not explain the phenomenon relationship of these factual worlds; But to correctly understand suffering and happiness, and to explore religious and ethical phenomena and activities related to society or life.

As far as a person's existence is concerned, his present is the sum of all his past experiences. In other words, he grew up in various environments from birth. Receive education from family, school and society, and meet all kinds of people. All these experiences will never disappear, they will be preserved in some form. In the process of experiencing good and evil, a person's behavior will develop in the direction of good or evil, and his personality will be formed. The so-called personality refers to intelligence, personality and physique. It is the sum total of all the things we have experienced since we were born.

The above example illustrates a person's original relationship-the individual exists in the relationship with the surrounding environment. Individuals are often influenced by external good and evil, but they also constantly affect the surrounding environment. For example, a student is influenced by classmates, elders, teachers and others, and his personality is formed. The so-called' near the ink is black, near the ink is black'. Whether it is family, school, company, or even local groups and countries, we are always in it and influenced by it. This relationship with the surrounding environment is also an interdependent relationship and an organic joint relationship. This is true not only in ethical personality relations, but also in economic relations such as food, clothing, housing and transportation.

In terms of food, clothing, housing, transportation and so on, we have to trouble many people in the world to get it smoothly. If we look at the origin and process of obtaining a loaf of bread and a handkerchief, we can know that they have to go through many tortuous and complicated procedures such as production, transportation, processing and sales. Thoroughly speaking, without the help of the people of the world, our economic life will not go on for a day. On the other hand, because we have to consume in order to survive, the world's production, transportation, processing and sales can operate smoothly, and financial institutions, transportation and communication institutions and other social facilities can have direct and indirect relations with each other. In Buddhism, there is a kind of so-called' Purdue sentient beings', which means that our life can only continue under the protection of the surrounding society. This is also the embodiment of the principle of origin.

The same is true of cultural and spiritual life. The cultural wealth of modern society, such as language, thought, science, literature, art and technology, is all inherited from the past. Modern people continue to work hard to develop and then enjoy it with the help of reports and educational institutions. If there were no news, magazines, radio, television and other reporting agencies, not only the language and words conveyed by ideas could not be carried out smoothly, but also today's civilized life could not be developed and operated. By analogy, we are related to all cultures in the world, and also to the whole history of mankind in the past, directly or indirectly.

From this point of view, our development in personality, morality, politics, economy, culture and art is not only the sum of our past experiences, but also closely related to the world around us in time and space. In other words, without the past, the surrounding environment and the whole history of its past, our present would not exist.

So we can say that our own past and everything around us are contained in the present. It can also be said that our present existence is the key factor to define our future, and it will also have a great impact on the formation of our surrounding environment and history. This is what Buddhism calls one, that is, all things are one. As individuals, we are not only connected with all the worlds, but all the worlds are also closely related to us. That is to say, all phenomena in the universe and life, whether vertical, horizontal, positive, negative or in any sense, are closely related, which is what Hua Yan's philosophy calls' endless life'.

As mentioned above, the origin can be divided into: the origin with religious ethical value and the general origin unrelated to value. The four laws and seals are related to both of them, and the twelve origins and the four truths only talk about the origin of value. The so-called value has two negative values: the realm of mystery of life and death and the positive value of nirvana. The origin of negative value is called circulation origin; The origin of positive value is called the origin of extinction. The list is as follows:

┌—————┬————————————————┬————┐

Theory of origin, brief theory of origin, four French seals

├—————┼————————————————┼————┤

│ │ │ ┐ │ ┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 94

The general origin │ │ │ (before and after the time) │ │ │.

│ (The source is ├——————————————————————————————————————————————————. General.

│) │ │ ┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

││││││││┘││││││││││││││││││││947

├—————┼————————————————┼————┤

│ │ │ ┐ ┌ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐.

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 94

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ` │ 9474

││││││————┘││││

│ (Twelve Origins ├———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

│, four truths) │ ┐ ┌ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┐ ┌ ┌ ┌ ┌ ┌ ┌ ┌ ┌ 9494

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 94

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ` │ 9474

│││││——— ┘││

└—————┴————————————————┴————┘

Judging from the last four French seals in the above table,' impermanence of various lines' discusses impermanence in chronological order; "All laws have no self" includes time relationship, space simultaneous relationship (excluding impermanence), or theoretical logical relationship. If we briefly describe the origin of this configuration, we can see that' this life is so born, this extinction is so extinct' means time sequence; "There is something here, there is something there, and there is nothing there for no reason" indicates a spatial or logical relationship.

Secondly,' going through all kinds of hardships' shows the reincarnation state of Fan, so it is negative. Nirvana silence is a nirvana state of enlightenment, so it is positive value. Among the twelve causes, the origin of mysterious circulation is' the reason why there is ignorance and doing something, the reason why there is knowledge ..., the reason why there is death and old age, etc.'; "Ignorance means extinction, ignorance means extinction ..., and if there is birth and death, it means old age." This means that the enlightenment world will be destroyed and liberated. Similarly, the bitterness in the four truths and the gathering of the two truths are the causal relationship between the mysteries spread; Extinction and Taoism are the causal relationship between enlightenment and extinction. Therefore, the four truths can also be said to be the origin of circulation and extinction. Therefore, the value source of these myths is related to all the hardships and nirvana silence in the four French seals.

The knowledge-only theory advocated by the Yoga School has three characteristics: persistence (uniqueness), dependence (difference) and reality (authenticity). Although they have various opinions, their original intention is that there is no difference between heart, Buddha and sentient beings in the Huayan Sutra. If we regard the heart as pure and self-motivated; Regard Buddha as the realization of enlightenment value; If we regard all beings as the persistence of the plan to express the negative value of the mysterious world, we can know that dependence is related to the universal origin, the persistence of the plan is related to the circular origin, and the perfection is related to the return to the origin. (According to Mizuno Hongyuan's Basic Knowledge of Buddhist Words)

◎ Appendix I: Definition of Origin (from the first section of Chapter 11 of Introduction to Buddhism)

There are mixed causes, pure causes and mixed causes, that is, the origin method. The definition of origin law is' here, there, and in this life', which explains the law of waiting for existence. His content is,' Say that you walk for no reason, know why you walk, know why you are famous, touch the name in six places, be touched by the reason, be loved by the reason, take what you do, be born for some reason, and die of old age'. To sum up, it is' pure bitterness', which is mentioned everywhere in the classics. In middle school and yoga, the origin method-or starting from others and connecting with dyeing-has become an extremely important theory in Buddhism, so it deserves special attention!

The definition of origin is' here and there, in this life'. Simple, can be interpreted as' this reason this reason'. Everything exists-there is a cause. "This" and "that" generally refer to causality. In order to express the relationship between cause and effect, the word "so" is used. Because of this, there is an inevitable connection between them, that is, the causal system. This is what goes around comes around. There is what goes around comes around. So the simple definition of karma is karma. There is nothing absolute in this definition of "this and that", and everything can only exist in a relative relationship. This is the Buddha's observation of life in the universe. So, I realized that all this was not accidental, nor was it created by God. The Buddha's concept of origin is very profound, so the Buddha said,' This is very deep, the so-called origin.' ("Miscellaneous Containment" Volume XII, 293 Classic) The above three sentences: the result comes from life, the material needs to be fixed, and existence depends on space, all of which are based on the origin. The Buddha first observed the facts of life in the universe, and then made rational speculation and intuitive understanding to thoroughly understand this method of origin. The origin method is not only a causal phenomenon, but also the inevitability of causality, that is, the inevitable order of causality. This stems from Buddhism, and the Buddha said that he was' not made by himself or by others', which is the truth. Ignorant mortals feel confused and have no idea about everything in the world, but the Buddha can realize the universal and inevitable laws in this complexity. Observing the inevitable process of all beings in the continuation of infinite life and death, we know that all beings are like this, so we get the inevitable principle from all these phenomena, which is the law of origin. This law of origin can be understood thoroughly, that is, the inevitability between cause and effect is indeed fixed, and no matter what heresy, it cannot be shaken.

◎ Appendix II: On the Origin translated by Mizuno Hong Wen and Guo Zhongsheng (from the fourth chapter of Primitive Buddhism).

The basic structure of the theory of origin is based on the' three dharma seals' (or four dharma seals), so we can also regard it as the fundamental doctrine of Buddhism. It is said that the Buddha's explanation is to realize the origin of joining the WTO under the bodhi tree and gain enlightenment without Shanghai. From this point of view, we can say that Buddhism is rooted in the origin theory. This is the truth of life and the world view of Buddhism. The' Origin Law' is considered to be absolute, permanent and eternal, and it is an objective, universal and rational truth whether the Buddhas are born or not and whether Buddhism exists or not. If the origin is expressed by the word' Fa', it means:' See the origin, see the Fa, see the Fa.' Further,' see the origin, see the law, see the law, see the Buddha'. If we can correctly understand the theory of origin, then Buddhism is already in our hands!

So what does' origin' mean? In Japan, it is often said that "origin and extinction", "origin and extinction" and "people are very concerned about origin and extinction" are inconsistent with the original intention of origin and extinction. Because their so-called origin is a sign of something happening, a sign or a sign. Or "the origin of temples" or "the origin of shrines", which means "how things came into being" or "origin", has also lost the true meaning of origin.

The meaning of origin comes from three seals or four seals. First of all,' impermanence of action' tells us that the world is impermanent, the phenomenon world is constantly changing, and life and death flow. Secondly, "all laws have no self" tells us that all beings are by no means isolated, but interdependent and interrelated in time and space. Through the teaching that "all suffering is suffering", we know that the essence of life is anxiety and impermanence. Pain and anxiety are by no means spontaneous; Moreover, these pains and anxieties are not fixed. We can change them or get rid of their bondage. All phenomena are impermanent and egoless; However, the way things change and relate to each other is not random. There must be some law governing the relationship and birth and death of each other, and everything will rise and fall according to this principle. In this category, this law is the' law of origin'.

Paticcasamuppa^da means: "arising from interrelation" or "the way in which life in the phenomenal world is related to the world". Life and phenomena in the world are produced under necessary conditions and reasons, and follow the law of origin. Different from other schools of thought, it is not only born by the supreme god who controls the birth and death of things, nor is the existence of all phenomena doomed or fixed by karma, nor is it born randomly or suddenly for no reason. According to the explanation of the origin method, if we have a correct understanding of the changes of phenomena and the conditions for the existence or extinction of things, we can get rid of what we don't want and realize our wishes by our own efforts. In other words, through the origin method, we can easily get rid of suffering and have fun; Stop the pain of life and death and enjoy the joy of getting rid of nirvana. The truth discovered by the Buddha is the law of origin, from which he became a Buddha.

In the original scripture, the method of origin was expressed in different ways; One of the most fundamental is' everything happens for a reason, and there is a reason in this life; If there is no such reason, then there is nothing. If this is destroyed, it will be destroyed. "Or:' All laws are born of reason, and all laws are destroyed by reason.' We can also see the significance of the origin method. The latter usually refers to the theoretical understanding of Buddhist outlook on life, which has reached the lowest level-not dyeing eyes (cleaning eyes). In other words, if you want to understand the principles of Buddhism, you must understand the origin method; The wisdom of realizing the origin of Dharma is the eye of Dharma. The "law" of the "eye of law" here refers to the "law of truth", and there is nothing but the original law. In short, the' dharma eye' is the wisdom eye derived from Buddhism.

The fundamental principle of the origin method is:' Here, there, in this life ...' From this, two fundamental branches of the origin are developed, and the four noble truths can be divided into two parts to form these two branches, namely, the circulating origin and the returning origin. (See below for details). In the classics, the origins of different numbers have been mentioned; Besides two branches, there are three or four branches, even nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more branches, but the most representative one is' Twelve Origins' (dvadas/an% ga-pratitya-samuttpa da).

The number of origins can be regarded as the relationship between life and death in the life world, but the original intention of this classification is not only to explain the occurrence of general things, but to show the bitterness and joy of human destiny, and under what conditions and karma, the pain will disappear. Therefore, from the standpoint of the origin of law, the phenomenon world is not a natural reflection, but has ethical and religious value, such as the result of both good and evil. Moreover, in terms of depravity and slackness, it is the' circular origin' towards reincarnation; On the contrary, striving for nirvana is' returning to the original'. Circulation means: attracting business confusion by repeating life and death; Return to extinction is to get rid of the reincarnation of karma and move towards ideal nirvana. If the four noble truths are explained in this sense, then the origin and extinction of the two noble truths can be classified as' origin and extinction'; The two sacred truths of destroying Tao are' also destroying the original'. Even among the twelve origins, the one facing life and death is the' circular origin'; Stopping the pain is' going back to the original point'. From the standpoint of religion and ethics, we can find the chain of life and death and the changes of world phenomena. This is different from the science of studying the general cause and effect of phenomena.

Even so, the origin can be explained by the causal relationship in nature. That is to say, the origin method of religious ethical values can include natural phenomena that have nothing to do with value judgment. Sometimes, the origin of the general phenomenon world is called' external origin', while the origin related to value judgment is called' internal origin'. For blunt believers, in order to understand the complex internal origin, metaphors are usually used to explain the external origin.

In any case, the causal relationship of origin is also related to the karmic thoughts of the past, present and future. The so-called "good is rewarded with good, evil with evil" contains an expectation possibility that cannot be explained from a scientific standpoint. Nevertheless, the original position of the origin theory is very reasonable, and its observation method will not be divorced from today's science.

So far, we have not found a detailed explanation of the relationship between phenomena in the original Buddhist scriptures; However, Buddhism in later generations talked about this issue from different angles. Broadly speaking, this is Buddhism in any era, which takes the origin theory as its consistent position. Later Buddhism limited the origin to a narrow sense and only talked about the continuous range of time, while the logical origin relationship unrelated to time was called "(real state) rather than" origin ". Therefore, the origin theory of Buddhism in later generations is contrary to realism and is a dogmatic theory of different systems. This is why Indian and China Buddhist teachings are divided into two sources: origin and reality. But in a broad sense, realism is still a branch of origin. In short, the origin can be divided into two ends:

(1) Examine things with the concepts of straight line and time continuity.

(2) Examine the interdependence of things at a certain point in time.

The former is a concrete and realistic origin theory, and the latter is to examine things from the standpoint of logic or form.

For example, seeds germinate, branches and leaves flourish, flowers bear fruit, and then return to seeds. This is the concrete and true origin (association). But if the algebraic formula: 2 □ 3 = 5, this is the logical relationship between the first number and the last number, the integer and the part, and the full name is relative to the case, relative to the absolute, and has nothing to do with the cause and effect of time; This is the origin of' non-time' or' logic'.

After Abidharma Buddhism (sectarian Buddhism), the theory of origin only talked about the part related to time, and the' logical origin' unrelated to time was rejected. But the principle of "realism" is based on "the origin of logic", and the original intention of the origin is to explore reality itself. Therefore, Dragon Tree Bodhisattva put forward the concept of' emptiness' in his book Madhyamaka-ka^rika^ to explain the logical relationship of various elements; This is nothing more than making the meaning of origin clearer and clearer.

After Afda Buddhism, there have been two views on origin: time-related origin theory and time-independent realism. However, it has gradually become a fashion to talk about the origin only from a narrow standpoint related to time; In primitive Buddhism, we can't find such a completely different origin boundary. Primitive Buddhism stresses the origin and does not distinguish between time and non-time origin, so as to truly know the existence of things. Furthermore, primitive Buddhism sometimes provides many convenient metaphors for beginners, as we mentioned when talking about the two fundamental principles of origin; There are various origins. In Apeida Buddhism (Sect Buddhism), there are four origins:

(1) instantaneous origin (ks! anika-prati^tyasamutpa^da).

(2) Sambandhika-prattyasamut-pada.

(3) The origin of apartheid.

(4) the distant origin (pra^kars! ika-prati^tyasamutpa^-da)。

Here, we can also see the different meanings of origin. Among them, the instantaneous origin refers to the causal relationship between things and phenomena in an instant, and it is to talk about the origin from a logical standpoint. The other three origins are discussed in the course of time. The origin of connection means that the causal relationship is uninterrupted, one after another. The origin of position is that between this life and the past life, between the afterlife and this life, it constitutes the five aggregates of our body and mind, each of which presents the causal relationship at that time. The reason for the long-term persistence is the causal relationship that more people will be robbed and continue from the beginning.

It can be seen that there are many different factors in the origin of the phenomenon. In modern terms, there is a causal relationship between logic, psychology, physiology, physics, politics, society, economy, ethics and religion. And most modern sciences are also devoted to the study of such causality. In general, the causal relationship of things is always very complicated, not a single causal relationship, but multiple and complicated, and there are many different causal relationships at the same time. However, the causal relationship of origin mentioned in Buddhism is not limited to this, but also includes many causal relationships based on metaphysics or religion, such as the three generations of causal relationships from the past to the present, from the present to the future, and the' unfamiliar causality' between good fruits and bad consequences.

As mentioned above, we can find that there are many different reasons and consequences, but the purpose of Buddhism to discuss reasons is not to explain the phenomenon relationship in the real world, but to point out the source of anxiety and distress and how to get rid of suffering and get the ideal state of happiness. In other words, to know the true picture of life, we should be diligent, practice, and bear fruit with the virtue of the middle way. The Theory of Origin talks about the sentient life of human beings. As for causality in nature, although it is sometimes used as a convenient metaphor, it is not an end.

In a word, the theory of origin, in a general sense, can of course explain the phenomenal relationship between the universe and the world coherently. But as far as Buddhism is concerned, it is better to look at the relationship between social life and fate from the standpoint of religion and ethics. However, the phenomenon of social life is extremely complicated and difficult to understand.

For example, regarding a person as an individual's existence, what he had before was only the sum of all his previous experiences. After birth, I grew up in different environments, received education from family, school and society, and met all kinds of people and things. The experience I gained in each individual time did not disappear, but accumulated in my life itself. The experience of good and evil will lead to different trends of good and evil; The experience of each individual's time may be extremely subtle, even unknown, but the repeated results expand its influence. If a person is used to evil, his manners, frivolous words and deeds, and eyes are naturally like an evil person; On the contrary, people who do good deeds must look so pure and sacred. No one is born with the present appearance or attitude, but the traces carved on him by the future journey of good and evil. Our intelligence, personality and physique are all the sum total of good and evil behaviors we have been doing since birth. There is no doubt that when we were born, we had some intelligence, personality and physique before, which are the results of our past experiences. Therefore, the present existence must be attributed to past lives's actions. Work is the reason, and the present self and personality are closely related to past experiences. Similarly, everything in the future depends on what you do now. Buddhism has the so-called fatalism-inferring the fate of the past from everything in the present; "Eye contact"-predicting the future; Before being proved, these abilities must be understood by the origin theory.

We have talked about the causality between the past, the future and the present. However, if we talk about everything around him with his present existence, we can find that he is constantly receiving the stimulation and influence from the outside world; Similarly, he is also inspiring and influencing others. This means that we should not only observe the influence of the past, present and future on us, but also base ourselves on the inseparable relationship between the surrounding environment and society. For example, a student builds his personality under the influence of friends, elders and teachers. If there is a mentor, he will strive for the upper reaches; On the contrary, it will be ignored and degraded. In families, schools, companies, villages, cities and countries, we are influenced by the environment and are also affecting others. This relationship of environmental interaction is the causal relationship of mutual correlation and interdependence. This is not only seen in the ethical category of good and evil, but also in the economic life of food, clothing, housing and transportation.

Our means of subsistence, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, come from producers, transporters and sellers all over the world. A grain of rice and a small handkerchief go through many media. Strictly speaking, every day in our life is integrated with the world. As long as we consume goods, we must have relations with others in production, transportation and sales. In addition, various financial institutions, transportation organizations and other social facilities are all indirectly or directly related to each other. Buddhism says to cherish the goodness of all beings, which tells us that people live in the environment.

The same is true in cultural life. All cultural attributes, such as language, thought, science, literature, art and technological achievements, have been inherited and perfected by predecessors. We enjoy these achievements through mass communication and education. Without newspapers, magazines, radio, television, language and literature to convey these achievements to us, cultural life would be just an illusion. Therefore, within the scope of cultural property, we are closely related to the world cultural system in space and cannot be out of touch with human history in time.

In a word, our present existence is not only related to our past experiences in personality and morality, politics and economy, culture and art, but also closely related to the world in time and space. Similarly, what we have now is also one of the factors that determine our future, history and world destiny. So we can even say that every moment now shoulders the mission of determining the future destiny.

Buddhism says that' one is everything, and everything is one'. That's what it means. Individuals are the whole world, and the whole world is closely related to individuals. All phenomena in the world, more or less, vertical or horizontal, positive or negative, are interrelated, so Hua Yan's later philosophy called it' endless'. As mentioned above, our subtle behavior will be one of the factors that determine everything in the future, and it will surround everything around us with the influence of good or evil. Our thoughts and words will be responsible for the world, so don't make mistakes at will. Because of my own charity, my family, school, society … will benefit from it, and vice versa. Unfortunately, it will spread all over the world. Therefore, our own spiritual or material enjoyment is not only enjoyed by ourselves, but shared by the world with me; Our ups and downs are as good as ever. When the war was fierce, the traffic was interrupted and it was impossible to import all kinds of materials from overseas. How can you have fun alone? Only a peaceful and happy society can be truly happy. After all, the world needs its members to work together and advance together, so only "all people are happy" can there be "only one person is happy". This well-known common sense coincides with the origin theory of Buddhism. Or the origin theory can explain this common sense more clearly. This is the origin theory of Buddhism, which shows the reality of life in the world.

Kan, look ~