Artistic Features of Gaoyou Folk Songs

Gaoyou folk songs exude the fragrance of earth, contain the delicacy of water, and are elegant in vulgarity. This feature comes from Gaoyou's good natural environment and profound cultural background. Gaoyou is located in He Lixia, central Jiangsu, with a total area of 1.96 square kilometers and a population of 830,000. Qin built a high platform here and set up a post pavilion, hence the name Qin Yi. Since the establishment of the county in the Han Dynasty, it has been known as "Qin postal county, the city of central Jiangsu".

Water is one of the most important features of Gaoyou. Gaoyou lake is the sixth largest freshwater lake in China, with 36 lakes and an area of 780 square kilometers. The water in the canal gave birth to a series of prosperous, brilliant and sustainable canal folk songs, folk customs, canal culture and canal economy. And many gaoyou lake folk songs, stories, legends, jokes, ballads, customs and so on all have the characteristics of water, which are widely circulated and widely known. Folk songs: Count duck eggs, don't put adopted daughters on fishing boats, take root in flowers (now Jiangdu folk songs); Chants such as: spinning chant, planting chant, waterwheel chant; Stories such as: the circle of fishermen's husband and wife, fishing is fat everywhere in winter, why leeches suck blood; Legends such as: the legend of Geng Qigong, the story of Wharf Village and Jindeng Village; The joke is as follows: buy pennies, the bull crosses the calf, and lightning strikes the water; Customs such as: clothing, food, housing, transportation, weddings, funerals, geomantic omen and so on.

Based on the profound cultural background, Gaoyou celebrities come forth in large numbers: Yao, Sun Jue, Qin Guan, Jia Guowei, Wang and his son (,Wang Niansun,), Wang Zengqi ... among them, Qin Guan, Wang Zengqi and Wang and his son are the most famous.

Gaoyou writer Wang Zengqi said: "My hometown is a water town, and I grew up in a water town. All I can see and hear is water. Water has influenced my personality and working style. " In the early Qin Guan Ci, there were poems describing Gaoyou scenery. For example, "Apricot Fragrant Son": "Surround the village with trees and irrigate the pond with water. Wandering on the east wind. The small garden is full of spring. There are peach blossom red, plum blossom white and cauliflower yellow. In the distance of the moss wall, there is a faint hall. Next to the green Liu Shui Bridge. Occasionally, taking advantage of my mood, I stepped through Donggang, birds sang and birds whispered, and bees were busy. " Although the words are not written in Gaoyou dialect, they are clear and catchy, with peach blossom red, plum blossom white, cauliflower yellow, greeting children, swallows dancing and busy bees, and the folk song style is very obvious.

Another example is Wang Pan's "Blowing the Horn to the Emperor", which contains poems by Wang Anshi, Su Dongpo, Ouyang Xiu, Lu You, Wen Tianxiang, Tang Bohu, Yan Song, Xu Wei, Pu Songling, Liu Yong, Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen and Zheng Banqiao. These literati sublimated and popularized folk songs. It is often said that the more national it is, the more cosmopolitan it is. By analogy, the more local it is, the more national it is. Gaoyou folk songs are different because of their unique and rich local colors. You can judge that this is Gaoyou folk song by the Chinese words and place names in the lyrics. Look at the use of dialects first. As the saying goes, "the local accent is hard to change", and some people say that "gongs and drums can't leave the country, each has its own cavity" and "different winds in ten miles, different sounds in five miles". "Huai has the upper hand and Huai has the lower slang." The countryside in Gaoyou is smoky and the dialect is simple. Whenever the farming season is busy, the folk songs sung by farmers gush out, the drums are loud, and the folk songs spread like a river bursting its banks, which is a grand view: "When the official road looks up, 3,000 singers are peasant women."

There are many Gaoyou dialects in Gaoyou folk songs, such as Tuoxie (hái), Huangzi (zāi), Laina (nāi), Gualai Guaqu (kè), Tongue Ring (kuán), Jiao Jiao (gāo) and so on.

Such as yellow ③:

If you want me to sing, I will come. Come on, come on, come on What are you singing? Singing to it, the willows sway, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, the willows change leaves every year, well, my sister changed flower shoes that month, my sister changed flower shoes that month, and my sister Huang changed flower shoes that month.

If you want me to sing, I will come. Come on, come on, come on What are you singing? The singer's brother laughed and cried and said, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

Another example is Nine Rings:

Butterflies spread their wings and fly over their heads. They can be lifted and shaken, or they can be lifted and shaken. Honey, give me a pair of nine-to-nine, nine-to-nine rings. Two hands can be connected together. Hey, cut it with a steel knife.

Snow and flowers are floating around, three feet high and three feet high. Flowers are floating in the snow. Hey, give her a kiss. The snow is beautiful. Hold her in your arms.

The words "Zi", "Shoe", "Jiao" and "Na" in these songs can only appear cordial and full of strong local flavor and local characteristics when sung in dialects.

There are also local names, such as Shao Bo, Xiahe, Yucheng Post and Jieshou Post, all of which are Gaoyou place names. You can tell from the title that Gaoyou sings:

Sunset is singing in front of Yucheng Hill, and Qiu Guang in gaoyou lake is wonderful, with red powder at the beginning of rain and green without frost-Yucheng Hill is a thing.

The water of the Grand Canal flows day and night, the willow flowers in front of Yucheng Post Station are fragrant, the postal kiosks in Ying Zheng of Qin Dynasty are rushing, and official documents and letters are scattered everywhere. -"Seeing the Dawn in Postal History"

As soon as the drums ring, I can hear the noise in the street, the dragon lanterns played by lanterns and the fish lanterns in the river. -"Shao Bo Tune"

One by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one. 11 —— "Xiahe Tune" Gaoyou folk song (Gaoyou folk song has different characteristics from other local folk songs) is a typical representative of folk songs in He Lixia, central Jiangsu Province. The love songs in folk songs have the characteristics of softness and gracefulness of southern Jiangsu folk songs and the hearty temperament of northern folk songs, which are sweet and comfortable, fragrant in game and appealing to both refined and popular tastes. Gaoyou, the hometown of China folk songs, is rich in folk songs, and several duck eggs are popular all over the country. With the change of farming methods, traditional folk songs gradually drift away. Gaoyou folk songs mainly include chant, minor, love songs, various life customs songs, nursery rhymes, duets, gongs, drums, cars, hymns, five and a half yangko, flirting and so on. The tunes include Xiahe tune, small opening, dressing table, boasting tune, Taoist sentiment, broken bridge tune, pear paste tune and sugar tune, which are melodious and original, giving people a feeling of returning to nature. . The songs exude the fragrance of earth, contain the beauty of water, have a euphemistic and brisk rhythm, and have a strong flavor of He Lixia water town. "This feature comes from Gaoyou's good natural environment and profound cultural heritage.

There are many interlinings and interlinings in Gaoyou folk songs, which have unique local characteristics, which are related to the characteristics of Gaoyou dialect. Suzhou dialect is sweet and soft, which is the acme of Wu dialect. Yangzhou dialect is also beautiful, with hardness and brightness, lively and splashing tactfully; In Gaoyou dialect, however, there are many rhyming words, which are sweet and cordial, simple and natural, with strong water flavor and deep affection. The lining is like "eyah, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough, cough".

Euphemism and exquisiteness

Gaoyou is located in the middle of Jiangsu Province, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal makes it an important city of land and water transportation, at the intersection of North and South cultures, so its folk songs are different from Huaibei folk songs and southern Jiangsu folk songs. Gaoyou folk songs are refined in language, elegant in style, beautiful in tune, smooth in melody, flowing with water. Simple Gaoyou people have been singing with their hearts from generation to generation with their dreams and yearning for spring sowing, summer sowing, autumn harvest and winter storage. Gaoyou, a land of plenty, has water but no mountains, and the people mainly produce agriculture and animal husbandry, so there are no folk songs in Gaoyou folk songs, only songs. There are many labor hymns in this area, such as transplanting rice seedlings, releasing ducks, laying eggs, mowing grass, weeding, pulling plows and so on. Among these labor songs, transplanting rice seedlings is the most prominent one, which is vast and melodious and somewhat sad. For example, "The West is bright and the moon is cool": "At first glance, my sister is miserable. Everyone advised me to separate. It's hard to separate. I want to separate. The emperor moved to Nanjing. I want to separate. Sparrows grow into old hens. I want to separate. Cycas bloom here. My good sister died until you died. "

The lyrics with deep feelings and heartfelt words express the lingering feelings between lovers.

In addition, Gaoyou folk songs mostly adopt the singing form of lead singer and chorus, that is, "one person leads ten thousand people", plus the use of "dialogue", such as "Miss Liu" (lead singer). It's not difficult for me to sing, Miss Liu. (Chorus) Hey! (Ghost) Sister, (Zhong Bai) Hey! (Lead singer) As long as my mouth moves my tongue, (chorus) Hey, hey, hey, hey, come, (lead singer) Miss Liu as long as my mouth moves my tongue.

Another example is "Sister" and "Hehe" in "Eliminating Illiteracy". One person leads the singing and everyone sings together, which is warm and cheerful, which can greatly stimulate labor enthusiasm and improve production enthusiasm.

And count the "spaces" in duck eggs ("Quack! Hey! " , yi tut),

Or, like "Gong and Drum Car", the "Gong and Drum Guy" is used to play a cheerful rhythm, so that when farmers are engaged in boring and hard farm work, they can also be induced to be optimistic and happy, so that Qi Xin can work together, be high-spirited and high-spirited. The ingenious cooperation of these singing methods with voice changes and decorative sounds makes Gaoyou folk songs sound beautiful and full of charm.

Times brand, keep pace with the times

China folk songs are mostly oral and improvised, and the same tune can be matched with different lyrics. Gaoyou folk songs are no exception, its main form of communication is oral instructions, and it is possible to improvise "incoming words".

Marx said: "Folk songs are the only chronicles and historical legends." Gaoyou folk songs faithfully record the social conditions, major events, political actions and people's basic attitudes in various historical periods, and have extremely important historical value. For example, Gaoyou Minta folk song "La Li Ge": "The sunrise in the east is a little red, everyone is busy in the fields, helping each other to cooperate in large-scale production, and collective labor is happy". "Qi Xinxue Culture" and "Sending a husband to join the army" are also such folk songs.

Like Gaoyou Northwest Township, this is a folk song in Mingta District of Gaoyou City, which was spread in Qiao Song Town in 1930s and 40s. There are different versions of lyrics in different periods. There is a version that reflects the hardships of life, singing that women in feudal society are not free to marry: "The second big girls shed tears every day when they get married, and hate the matchmaker Zhang, blaming the second small parents for giving their slaves a little husband." The following lyrics are the same, which makes people sad and sigh. There is also a version like the one mentioned above, which sings about young people's free love and affection.

Guo Moruo said: "Let a hundred flowers blossom and birds sing together. It is important to bring forth the old and bring forth the new." Gaoyou folk songs are also advancing with the times and bringing forth new ideas. According to "Cut Flowers", she sent her husband to join the army. According to "Yellow", pomegranate opened its mouth when it was ripe, and it was sung for a while and lasted for a long time. Tchaikovsky also said: "The melody of folk songs is a precious seed for composers." The popular song "Go home and have a look" refers to the core tune of Gaoyou folk song "Send your husband to join the army", with smooth melody and simple lyrics, which can be sung in the north and south of the Yangtze River.

In short, Gaoyou folk songs originated from life, developed among the people and were collected by literary and art workers. They are an indispensable part of China folk songs. These original ecological folk songs with unique local characteristics are always worth studying and thinking about because of their grassroots culture and characteristics of the times in the form of singing.