Fortune telling in Daliao village

Illicium (Illicium of Magnoliaceae)

Editor? [bā jiǎo]

Illicium verum (scientific name: Illicium verum), also known as Illicium verum (Compendium of Materia Medica), Illicium verum, Heavy Hair (Guangxi Zhuang Language), Illicium verum and Fennel. It is an Illicium of Magnoliaceae. Its namesake dried fruit is one of the seasonings for Chinese food and Southeast Asian cooking. It is an evergreen tree growing in a humid, warm and semi-cloudy environment, and its height can reach 20 meters. Mainly distributed in southern Chinese mainland. Fruits are picked in autumn and winter, and are reddish brown or yellowish brown after drying. The smell is sweet and fragrant. Use whole fruit or powder.

Fruits and seeds can be used as condiments, and are also used as medicines by traditional medicine in China. According to medical theory, it has strong fragrance, and has the effects of expelling insects, warming the middle energizer, regulating qi, invigorating stomach, stopping vomiting, dispelling cold and exciting nerves. Illicium verum can be used not only as seasoning, but also as raw material for perfume, toothpaste, soap and cosmetics. In industry, it can also be used as a repellent and stimulant in medicine. It is warm in nature and pungent in taste. Has the effects of warming yang, dispelling cold, regulating qi and relieving pain. Can be used for treating cold vomiting, cold hernia, abdominal pain, lumbago due to kidney deficiency, wet and dry beriberi, etc. Some modern studies show that it needs attention because it contains safrole. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Illicium verum has the effects of warming yang, dispelling cold, regulating qi and relieving pain, but this has not been confirmed by modern medicine.

China's star anise exports account for more than 80% of the world market. Illicium verum is reddish-brown, with flat texture, fine structure, light weight and insect resistance. It is used for furniture, boxes, toys and joinery.

gingkgo

Eight angles

Another name

Star anise, China star anise, fennel.

Binomial nomenclature/system

chinese anise

boundary

plant kingdom

door

Vascular endothelial cell

summary

Magnolia

eye

magnoliaceae

The branch of academic or vocational research.

chinese anise

belong to

Illicium

Distribution area

Non-lime soil in China and Viet Nam, sunny tropics.

English name

Star Anise

Naming time

JD Hooker fil。

1 morphological feature editing

Banana tree

Illicium is an evergreen tree with a height of 20 meters; Bark gray to reddish brown. Simple leaves alternate, leathery, lanceolate to oblong, 5 ~12cm long and1.5 ~ 5cm wide, with a short or short cone at the top, a narrow wedge at the base, glossy and transparent oil spots at the top, and sparsely pilose at the bottom; Petiole stout, about 65438 0 cm long. Flowering in spring, solitary leaf axils and fleshy perianth; Sepals 3, yellow-green; Petals 6 ~ 9, arranged in 2 ~ 3 rounds, pale pink or crimson, broadly oval or oblong; Stamens 1 1 ~ 20, 2 ~ 3 rounds arranged; 8 ~ 9 carpels, separated, short style, thick base and small stigma. Aggregate fruit is arranged in a star shape with a diameter of 2.5 ~ 3.5 cm, and the mature carpels are reddish brown. Seeds oblate, brown and shiny. The tip of the capsule is pure or sharp and slightly curved. The flowering period is twice a year. The harvest period of spring fruit is1~ February, and the autumn fruit period is August ~ September, mainly autumn fruit.

Illicium verum, flowers and fruits (30 sheets)

Trees,10-15m high; The crown is tower-shaped, oval or conical; Bark dark gray; Dense branches. Leaves are irregularly alternate, with 3-6 sub-whorls or scattered leaves at the top, leathery, thick leathery, obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate or elliptic, 5-15cm long and 2-5cm wide, with sharp or short cone at the top and tapered or wedge at the base; Transparent oil spots can be seen in the sun; Midrib is concave in the upper leaves and uplifted below; Petiole is 8-20mm long. Flowers pink to crimson, solitary leaves axillary or near terminal, pedicel length 15-40 mm; There are 7- 12 perianth, often 10- 1 1, often with inconspicuous translucent glandular spots. The largest perianth is oval to oval in width, 9- 12 mm long and 8- 12 mm wide. Stamens 1 1-20, mostly 13, 14, length 1.8-3.5 mm, filaments 0.5- 1.6 mm, anthers slightly protruding. Carpels are usually 8, sometimes 7 or 9, and rarely 1 1. At anthesis, carpels are 2.5-4.5 mm long, ovaries are 1.2-2 mm long, and styles are subulate, which is longer than ovaries. The fruit stalk is 20-56 mm long, aggregate fruit, 3.5-4 cm in diameter, full and straight, mostly 8-shaped, octagonal, 14-20 mm long, 7- 12 mm wide, 3-6 mm thick, and the tip is blunt or sharp. The seed is 7 7- 10/0mm long, 4-6mm wide and 2.5-3mm thick. Coarse fruit blooms in March-May, ripens in September-65438+1October, blooms in spring in August-65438+1October, and ripens in March-April of the following year.

2 growth environment editor

Illicium verum is a tree species in the south subtropical zone, and likes the mountainous climate with warm winter and cool summer. Suitable for planting in sandy loam or loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, sufficient fertilizer and water and acid. Poor growth in dry, barren or low-lying areas with stagnant water.

3 geographical distribution editing

Mainly produced in western and southern Guangxi (mostly cultivated in Baise, Nanning, Qinzhou, Wuzhou, Yulin and other areas), with an altitude of 200-700 meters, while the natural distribution can reach an altitude of 1 1,600 meters. Yanshan Mountain in Guilin (about 2511'n) and Doushui Town in Shangrao, Jiangxi (25 50' N) have been introduced and bloomed normally. It is also planted in southern Fujian, western Guangdong, southeastern and southern Yunnan. The type specimens were collected from Kew Garden in England and Illicium verum from Beihai, Guangxi, China.

Born in a humid and warm valley in the subtropical zone. Distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. It is cultivated in Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces. Among them, tengxian, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region ranks first in the country and is the hometown of Illicium verum; Darongshan, Zhongsha Town, Guiping City, Guangxi is a green and natural octagonal base for dry and wet goods without sulfur.

4 cultivation technology editor

1. Reasonable close planting, keep ventilated, transparent and clean.

Reasonable thinning should be carried out in line with the principles of removing the inferior and retaining the superior, removing the weak and retaining the strong, removing the dense and retaining the thin, and it is appropriate to keep 30-45 plants per mu. It is necessary to cultivate in time, remove weeds and shrubs in the forest, avoid competing with Illicium verum for fertilizer and glory, and remove the breeding sources of pests and diseases; Increase soil permeability and promote new root germination. It is necessary to spray new high-fat film in time to ensure the effectiveness of the above work.

2. Rational fertilization and pest control.

Fertilization is mainly based on compound fertilizer, which is quantitatively timed according to the actual tree potential. It is necessary to observe the occurrence of pests and diseases and prevent them in time. New high-fat film must be sprayed at the same time to enhance fertilizer efficiency and control effect.

3. Reasonable pruning, shoot control and flower promotion.

Cut off the branches with abnormal growth and development, diseases and insect pests, dry and dead in time, and stick callose antiseptic film on the scissors wound to protect the growth of wound healing tissue, prevent the infection of rotten bacteria, prevent soil and rainwater pollution and prevent the wound from cracking. It is necessary to cut and coat "Wang Cuihua No.2" (Nanpin) in time during the flower bud differentiation period and midsummer, control the excessive growth of winter buds and summer buds, promote flower bud differentiation, blossom more and bear more fruits, and balance the years.

4. Flowers are strong, pedicels are strong and fruitful.

Spraying Zhuangguodiling in bud stage, fruit setting stage and fruit fast-growing stage can greatly thicken fruit stalks, improve the directional transport of nutrients, enhance flowering potential, promote fruit setting, promote rapid fruit development and have good quality.

5 main producing area editor

Guangxi is the main producing area of Illicium verum, which is distributed in some counties in southwest, south, southeast and central Guangxi, and also produced in some counties in northwest and north Guangxi, with an area of about 3.2 million mu and an output of more than 654.38+100000 tons, accounting for about 90% of the national total output. Guangxi is the main producing area of Illicium verum and the largest distribution center of Illicium verum in China.

Illicium verum is mainly distributed in Luo Xiang, Jinxiu, Jinxiu Forest Farm, Changdong, Zhongliang, Liuxiang and Zhangda in Jinxiu County, Guangxi.

After liberation, star anise production developed rapidly. 195 1 year, the octagonal forest in the county is only 120 mu, and the output is less than 1000 kg. By the end of 1987, the area of Illicium verum forest in the county was 40,700 mu, with an annual output of 250,000-400,000 Jin. Luo Yun Village in Luoxiang Township is a specialized village for star anise production, and the star anise income of 1984 accounts for 78.4% of the total annual income. Especially since 1994, Jinxiu county has taken Illicium verum production as the pillar of forest industry, strengthened the adjustment of industrial structure layout of Illicium verum, and vigorously developed Illicium verum planting in mountainous areas. By 2002, the planting area of Illicium verum in the county reached 250,000 mu, with an annual output of nearly 40,000 tons of high-quality Illicium verum. In 2002, it was awarded the title of "hometown of octagonal" by the state. By 20 13, the planting area of Illicium verum will reach more than 70% of the county area. Illicium verum is one of the main industries in Jinxiu County.

The annual output of Qinzhou, Pubei and Liu Yin in Guangxi exceeds100000 Jin.

Rong Da has an annual output of more than 20 million Jin, mostly green and natural sulfur-free octagonal.

The largest and most concentrated origin of Illicium verum in Guangxi is Gulong Town, tengxian, Wuzhou, Guangxi, with a planting area of nearly 300,000 mu. Illicium verum fruit produced in Gulong Town is large in size, fresh in color and high in oil content.

Illicium verum has been planted for 100 years, and its registered trademark is' Longchun'. In June, 2006, Gulong was named "the hometown of octagonal in China". In 2008, France National Television 2 chose Gu Long to shoot the documentary "Guangxi Bajiao". Octagonal dragon has been fragrant at home and abroad and is famous all over the world.

6 chemical composition editing

Fruit contains volatile oil, fatty oil, protein, resin, etc. The extract is fennel oil, wherein the seed contains fennel oil 1.7%-2.7%, and the fennel oil content of dried fruits and leaves is 12%- 13%, 1.6%- 1.8, respectively. The main components of fennel oil are anethole, anisaldehyde, anisyl acetone, safrole, phellandrene and so on.

Fennel oil can stimulate gastrointestinal nerves and blood vessels, promote the secretion of digestive juice, increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, have the effect of invigorating stomach and promoting qi circulation, and help relieve spasm and pain;

Dostin can promote the maturation of bone marrow cells and release them into peripheral blood, and has obvious effect of increasing white blood cells, mainly neutrophils, which can be used for leukopenia.

7 main value editor

Octagonal star (15 sheets)

Illicium verum is an economic tree species. Fruit is a famous condiment and tastes sweet. Also used as medicine, it has the functions of expelling wind, regulating qi and regulating stomach, and can be used for vomiting due to moderate cold, abdominal cold pain, bloating, etc. But eating too much will damage your eyes and cause sores. Pericarp, seeds and leaves all contain aromatic oil, which is called fennel oil (fennel oil for short) and is an important raw material for making cosmetics, liqueur, beer and food industry. Illicium verum and fennel oil are not only needed by China, but also important export materials. China star anise accounts for more than 80% of the world market. Illicium verum is reddish brown to reddish brown, with flat texture, compact structure, light weight and fragrance, and can be used for joinery, furniture, box boards and other materials. The fruit belonging to other wild Illicium verum is very toxic, which leads to death. The development of poisonous wild Illicium verum is often irregular and not octagonal. The shape is different from that of cultivated Illicium verum, and the epidermis shrinks. The top of each star anise is pointed, often pointed, and the fruit is not as sweet as star anise, or it tastes light, stinging or slightly sour and spicy, or slightly bitter.

drug ingredient

Contains volatile oil, fatty oil, protein, resin, etc. The oil contains anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde, anisyl acetone, phellandrene, etc. Shikimic acid can also be extracted, which is the main raw material for preparing Tamiflu, an anti-influenza drug.

Shikimic acid exists in a large number of higher plants or microorganisms. Because the fruit of Illicium verum contains a lot of shikimic acid, the content of shikimic acid in methanol extract of Illicium verum can reach more than 10%, so it is often used as a resource plant for extracting shikimic acid.

nutritional ingredient

Nutritional components: carbohydrate (g) 75.40 fat (g) 5.60 thiamine (mg) 0. 12 nicotinic acid (mg) 0.90 manganese (mg) 7.42 calcium (mg) 4 1.00 copper (mg) 0.63 protein (g).

Medicinal efficacy

Illicium verum is warm, sweet and pungent, which has the functions of warming yang and dispelling cold, regulating qi and relieving pain, warming middle warmer and strengthening spleen; Can be used for treating nausea and vomiting, epigastric cold pain, abdominal cold pain, cold hernia abdominal pain, abdominal distension, impotence, constipation, lumbago, etc. Fennel oil can stimulate gastrointestinal blood vessels and enhance blood circulation.

Related population

The general population can eat it.

1. Suitable for people with spasmodic pain and leukopenia.

2. Not suitable for people with yin deficiency and excessive fire.

Grams of food stage

Psoralea hates licorice and avoids blood.

Suitable: people with stomach cold hiccup, cold hernia, abdominal pain, heart cold pain and small intestinal hernia should eat it; People with kidney deficiency and low back pain should eat; People with beriberi should eat it.

Bogey: people with yin deficiency and fire are forbidden to eat; Patients with eye diseases should not eat; Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes, climacteric syndrome and active pulmonary tuberculosis are not allowed to eat; Constipation due to stomach heat is not edible.

Characteristics of ingredients

The mature fruit is aggregate fruit, which consists of 8 follicles arranged radially on the central axis. The fruit is 1 ~ 2 cm long, 0.3 ~ cm wide and 0.6 ~ cm high. The outer surface is reddish brown with irregular wrinkles, the top is beak-shaped, and there are many cracks on the upper side; The inner surface is light brown, smooth and shiny; Hard and brittle. The fruit stalk is 3 ~ 4 cm long, connected with the center of the fruit base, curved and often falls off. Each pod contains 1 seed, oblate, about 6mm long, reddish brown or yellowish brown, shiny, with umbilicus at the top; The endosperm is white and oily. The smell is fragrant, pungent and sweet.

Eight angles

Alias anise, anise.

Warm and sweet.

Meridian, spleen and kidney meridian.

Efficacy of dispelling cold, regulating qi and appetizing.

Suitable: people with stomach cold hiccup, cold hernia, abdominal pain, heart cold pain and small intestinal hernia should eat it; People with kidney deficiency and low back pain should eat; People with beriberi should eat it.

Bogey: people with yin deficiency and fire are forbidden to eat; Patients with eye diseases should not eat; Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes, climacteric syndrome and active pulmonary tuberculosis are not allowed to eat; Constipation due to stomach heat is not edible.

Introduction of raw materials

Illicium verum is the fruit of Illicium verum, which is often used as seasoning. Star anise is also called fennel, because it can remove the odor from meat and add flavor to meat. Illicium verum is a specialty of China, which is abundant in Guangdong and Guangxi. The color is purple-brown, octagonal and star-shaped, with sweet taste and rich aroma, which comes from volatile anisaldehyde.

Star anise is an indispensable condiment for making cold dishes, stews and stews. Its function is not as good as other spices, and it is also the main raw material for processing spiced powder.

Nutritional analysis

The fruit contains volatile oil, and the main components are anethole, anisaldehyde and anisyl acetone.

The main component of star anise is fennel oil, which can stimulate gastrointestinal nerves and blood vessels, promote the secretion of digestive juice, increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, strengthen stomach and promote qi circulation, and help relieve spasm and pain.

(2) Aniline can promote the maturation of bone marrow cells and release them into peripheral blood, and has obvious effect of increasing white blood cells, mainly neutrophils, which can be used for leukopenia.

manufacture order

① Illicium verum is widely used in cooking, mainly used in cooking processes such as boiling, frying, marinating, sauce, baking, etc. It is often added to dishes for making beef and rabbit meat, which can remove fishy smell, add aromatic smell, adjust taste and stimulate appetite.

② When stewing meat, put star anise into the pot, its fragrance can be fully hydrolyzed and dissolved into the meat, which makes the meat taste more mellow.

(3) When cooking soup cabbage, you can add salt and star anise to the cabbage, and finally put some sesame oil, so that the dish has a strong meat flavor.

④ When pickling eggs, duck eggs, Chinese toon and coriander, adding star anise will have a unique flavor.

(5) making fried mutton slices, crispy fat ducks, fried spicy beef, fried soft crispy beef, almond radish and pork lung soup; Make crispy duck crispy duck and Beijing roast mutton stew soup head, 3-5g per meal.

Matters needing attention

Eating more star anise may hurt your eyes and cause sores. The fruit produced by the first flowering every year is called "Spring Illicium verum", and the fruit produced by the second flowering is called "Autumn Illicium verum". Illicium verum is plump, with red skin, rich fragrance and good quality. [5]

cookbook

Baked shrimp with star anise

1. Wash the fresh shrimps, shell them and leave the head and tail; Slice the orange and set it aside.

2. Add shallots, star anise, lemon juice, olive oil and all seasonings to the fresh shrimp made by 1 and marinate for about 20 minutes.

3. Put the fresh shrimps from method 2 into the oven, bake at 180℃ for about 10 minutes, take them out and decorate them with orange slices from method 1.

8 plant culture editor

The local Chinese medicine practitioners interviewed said that there is no scientific basis to show that Illicium verum can prevent or fight avian influenza virus.

The British "Independent" recently reported that the antiviral drug Tamiflu extracted from Illicium verum is in short supply in many European countries.

At present, Tamiflu, which is considered to be the most effective drug against avian influenza, contains refined star anise.

The report also said that although Tamiflu can't prevent bird flu, patients can greatly alleviate their illness after taking it.

Tamiflu is made of shikimic acid extracted from Illicium verum produced in China. The whole production process has ten steps and takes one year to complete.

But not all star anise can be used as raw material. Roche, a Swiss pharmaceutical company with Tamiflu patent, claims that only Illicium verum from four provinces in China is suitable for pharmaceutical production.

Tamiflu is extracted from star anise, which makes people worry that if bird flu breaks out locally, people will blindly snap up star anise to prevent it. This is not right. If the resources are not well managed, it will bring some bad consequences. "

Illicium verum is not only used as perfume, but also used to treat abdominal pain, lumbago, expelling wind and dispelling cold. However, it is still doubtful whether it can fight bird flu.

Although there are rumors that Illicium verum can prevent bird flu, there is no drug that can successfully treat bird flu in the market, so it is still uncertain whether Illicium verum can prevent bird flu in medicine.

He said: "At this stage, people still have many doubts about whether Illicium verum can prevent bird flu by itself, such as how much Illicium verum ingredients we need to fight bird flu and its substantial curative effect, so people don't have to rush to buy Illicium verum.