Introduction to Shanhaiguan Great Wall

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Shanhaiguan is the northeast starting point of the Ming Great Wall, with a territory of 26 kilometers, which is located in the east of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 10. Qinhuangdao is a municipal district with an area of 192 square kilometers and a population of140,000.

The development of history

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Shanhaiguan was called Guan Yu in ancient times, also known as Yulin Pass, also known as Lulin Pass. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), King Zhongshan of Xu Da was ordered to build Yongpingguan and Lingjieguan, and set up Shanhaiguan here. It is named Shanhaiguan because it faces Yanshan Mountain in the north and Bohai Sea in the south.

According to historical records, Shanhaiguan has a history of more than 600 years since 138 1 was built, and it has been a military center in China since ancient times.

In the late Ming Dynasty, female generals Qin Liangyu and Wu Ju and Wu Sangui guarded Shanhaiguan.

Building specifications

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Shanhaiguan city, about 4 kilometers in circumference, is a small town. The whole city is connected with the Great Wall, and the city is the gateway. City height 14m, thickness 7m. There are four main gates in the city, as well as various ancient defensive buildings. It is a relatively complete defense system and is known as "the first level in the world". With the majestic "the first pass in the world" as the main body, supplemented by Jingbian Tower. Lv Lin architecture, such as Muyinglou, Weiyuantang, Wengcheng, Dongluocheng and Great Wall Museum, shows visitors the architectural style of ancient city defense in China.

Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city. The walls of the Ming Dynasty were basically intact, and most of the main streets and alleys were well preserved. In particular, a number of quadrangles have been preserved, making the ancient city more elegant and simple. The first gate in the world, the East Gate of Guancheng, stands on the Great Wall and overlooks the four fields. On the second floor of the tower, you can overlook Shanhaiguan City and the panoramic view of Yuan Ye outside Shanhaiguan. Looking north, you can see the majestic posture of the Great Wall of Jiao Shan from a distance; The sea in the south is also faintly visible. On the north and south sides of the world's first gate building, there are buildings such as Jingbian Building, Muying Building and Lulin Building. Walking on the Great Wall of Wan Li, you will feel the greatness of our ancestors and the extraordinary wisdom of China people.

Cultural connotation

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Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city with a long history, and it is one of the image representatives of the Great Wall in Wan Li, China, a world cultural heritage.

The "No.1 Pass in the World" plaque, more than 5 meters long and 1.5 meters high, was inscribed by Xiao Xian, a famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty. Its regular script, vigorous and powerful, is a masterpiece of ancient and modern times. According to legend, the last word "one" was not written together, but the writer threw a pen full of ink into the air.

When you get off the "No.1 Gate in the World" tower, you can visit the Great Wall Museum, which will show you the ancient and modern Wan Li Great Wall and amazing physical exhibits.

In the ancient city, tasting local snacks will greatly increase your interest in traveling and appreciate the customs of Shanhaiguan.

Shanhaiguan has a long history of humanities. As early as the Neolithic Age, our ancestors had already worked and lived here.

Shanhaiguan Scenic Area is a famous historical and cultural city and a tourist summer resort, with a collection of scenic spots and historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. There are more than 90 scenic spots and historical sites with development and ornamental value in this area. In 2000, Shanhaiguan Scenic Area was rated as the first batch of 4A-level tourist attractions; In 200 1 year, the State Council officially listed Shanhaiguan District of Qinhuangdao as a national historical and cultural city. With the Great Wall as the main line, six scenic spots, Old Dragon Head, Meng Jiangnu Temple, Jiao Shan, the first pass in the world, Changshou Mountain and Yansai Lake, have been formed, all of which are open to Chinese and foreign tourists, and are famous tourist areas at home and abroad. Among them, Shanhaiguan Great Wall embodies the essence of the ancient Great Wall in China. The eastern starting point of the Great Wall in Wan Li in the Ming Dynasty is the Old Dragon Head, where the Great Wall meets the sea, with blue sea and golden sands, the sea and the sky are the same color, and the mountains are overlapping. Magnificent, the famous "the first pass in the world" stands towering, known as "the capital city, the left throat of Liaoning." The Great Wall of Jiao Shan is winding, with steep spires and picturesque scenery. Here, "Mountain Temple is rainy and sunny, Ruilian worships the sun" and "Qi Xian Buddha's Light" in "Eight Scenes of Guan Yu" has attracted many tourists. Meng Jiangnu Temple is an interpretation of China folklore-the touching story of Jiangnu seeking her husband. Hangyang Cave, the largest natural granite cave in northern China, is like a paradise. Yansai Lake, a pearl beyond the Great Wall, is beautiful.

Ticket Price: Shanhaiguan Tickets: All tickets to 40 yuan.

Climatic conditions

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Shanhaiguan is located in Bohai Bay in the northeast of China, with the east longitude 1 19 24' to 19 5 1' and the north latitude of 8 48' to 40 07'. It is an urban area of Qinhuangdao, in the northeast of the city. Yanshan in the north, Bohai in the south, Liaoning in the east and Beijing and Tianjin in the west. Natural area 180 km2, population125,000. There are Shihe River, Chaohe River, Shahe River and other major rivers. The climate belongs to the humid climate in the warm and humid zone of the eastern monsoon. There is no heat in summer, no cold in winter, abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. The average annual rainfall is 736 mm, the maximum snow depth is 13 cm, the maximum freezing depth is 85 cm, and the average relative humidity of the air is 62%.

Honor achievement

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1985 is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China";

1987 The Great Wall of Wan Li-Shanhaiguan has been listed as "World Natural and Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO;

199 1 year, Shanhaiguan and Laolongtou Great Wall were rated as "Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China";

1992 was identified as the national tourist route of' 92 China Friendship Tourism Year';

1993 was identified as the key tour extension point of' 93 China Landscape Tour';

1994 has been identified as an important tourist route of national cultural relics and historic sites;

1995 was identified as the tourist route of "China Folk Customs Tour-Great Wall Customs";

1999, the first batch in China was named as "China Excellent Tourist City", and Changshou Mountain, Jiao Shan and Yansai Lake were named as "National Forest Parks";

In 2000, it was awarded the title of "National Civilized Scenic Spot Demonstration Site" by the Central Civilization Office and the National Tourism Administration.

In 2000, the first batch in China was rated as "national AAAA-level tourist attractions" by the National Tourism Administration.

200 1 was named "China's famous historical and cultural city";

In 2002, Changshou Mountain, Jiao Shan and the dammed lake were named "National Geopark (Liujiang Valley National Geopark)".

In 2007, the National Scenic Spot Quality Rating Committee approved it as the first batch of national 5A-level scenic spots.

origin

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It is said that more than 600 years ago, Zhu Yuanzhang became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He made a decree and sent Marshal Xu Da and Strategist Liu Bowen to the north of Beijing to fortify the city. Within two years, it must be completed.

Xu Da and Liu Bowen got orders, took the troops, set out from now on, and soon arrived at the frontier fortress. The next day, they rode up the mountain, took a look and wanted to find a place to build a city. When it comes to building cities, Xu Da is a layman. He will only go to war and take the lead; Strong city, but not as good as Liu Bowen. Liu Bowen learned a lot from astronomy and geography. Xu Da stood on a high place and even said, "Good place, good battlefield!" Liu Bowen was silent.

On the third day, they rode here again, and Xu Da repeatedly called "a good place, a rare good place!" Liu Bowen still didn't hum. On the fourth day, they rode here again. Xu Da repeatedly said, "Good battlefield, good battlefield!" Liu Bowen still don't hum 1. Xu Da was puzzled when he saw this. He asked, "Counselor, I've brought Kun to defend the city. You haven't said a word for three days in a row. Why on earth? " "For Daming Jiangshan! Also for you ... ""For me? How do you say this? " Liu Bowen pointed to the front with a whip and said, "Marshal, look: the Yanshan Mountains in the north are continuous, and the Bohai Sea in the south is full of sky. This is true, and one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it! " Knowing that the strategist had a brilliant plan, Xu Dasu asked, "What are you going to build?" Liu Bowen said, "This city is bigger and higher than other cities. It is necessary to build a Huang Jincheng with a copper wall and an iron wall, which is connected by the city, by the building and by the building. " Liu Bowen pointed his whip around and said, "Marshal, this place is not only a good battlefield, but also a good place to live. You see, the land here is fertile and the climate is mild. What a good place to settle down! " After listening to it, Xu suddenly realized that the strategist said "it's for you." Xu Da repeatedly cheered, and returned to camp that day. They drew pictures overnight and sent the pie to Beijing the next day. The court must begin its work immediately. After working for a whole year and eight months, Guancheng was completed.

Early this morning, when Zhu Yuanzhang saw Xu Da and Liu Bowen coming back, he asked, "Can the city be built when two Ai Qing return to Beijing?" After class, he said, "Thanks to God, have you ever given a name?" Hearing this, the Xu Da and Liu Bowen froze. At that time, the city was ordered to be built, but it was not named! Xu Da is a straight shooter. As soon as he spoke, Liu Bowen stepped forward and said, "I dare not move. It's just that this city, which faces the sea in the south and the mountains in the north, can really be described as the pass of mountains and seas. Long live the sage, please show it! " Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang waved his hand and said, "OK, this is called Shanhaiguan!"

After returning from Li Chao, Liu Bowen followed Xu Da to Xufu and said to Xu Da, "I can't be an official in Li Chao anymore. I have to go." . Xu Da quickly asked, "What are you going to do?" Liu Bowen said, "I'm a Taoist from Shan Ye, so I'd better travel around the world!" Xu Da was puzzled. "You and I fought the emperor in the south and fought the emperor in the north, from Dingjiangshan to Shanhaiguan now. It can be said that we have worked hard and should have enjoyed the splendor. If we leave, the emperor knows that we will not be able to play correctly. " Liu Bowen said, "Far from it! If we were allowed to enjoy the splendor, we wouldn't be sent to build Guancheng, and we wouldn't be given a two-year deadline. If you and I don't obey orders, our lives will be hard to protect; If you don't finish the order on time, you will commit the crime of deceiving the monarch again; If it is built under a private name, it belongs to the emperor; I'm afraid to name it now. It's also a poor job. This is just the beginning! " Xu Da was puzzled: "Military adviser, what do you mean ..." Liu Bowen waved and said: "The rabbit is dead, the dog is going to cook, and the bird is going to hide." Are there few examples of emperors and ministers who can find trouble with * * * but cannot find trouble with * * * Anton? "In a word, xu da was dumbfounded. After a long time, he said, "Counselor, what shall I do if you leave?" Liu Bowen said: "You can't go. You should stay with North Korea and never leave for long live." . Don't leave even if you are driven away. Besides, your children can't stay in Beijing. Let them go to Shanhaiguan. The city there is high and deep, not suffering from the sword. Even if the fire rages, there are still Pingchuan and high mountains behind, which can be used. "Xu Da said," just do as the strategist said. Tell the children to go to Shanhaiguan tomorrow. " Just then, a general named Hu Minghai broke into the room. Suddenly, I heard Xu and Liu talking outside the tent, so I came into the room and called, "Marshal, I fought with you. Now you go to Shanhaiguan, and I'll send a son with you!" The words sound just fell and General Chang Yuchun came again. Liu Bowen knew that these three were friends of life and death, so he told him the whole story. Chang Yuchun also insisted on sending a child to Shanhaiguan.

Soon, Liu Bowen left without saying goodbye, and Xu Da, as Liu Bowen said, never left the emperor's side to save his life. Hu Dahai, Chang Yuchun and other founding fathers all died in the fire of the celebration building.

In addition, Xu Da, Hu Dahai and Chang Yuchun all went to Shanhaiguan to settle down. Later, the descendants of these three families built Xuda Temple in Shanhaiguan City, Hujiafen in the northeast of the city and Changjiafen in the southwest of the city, all of which set up stone archways.

[Best Travel Time]

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Shanhaiguan is located in Qinhuangdao, where the climate is cool in summer and it is an ideal summer resort. The best season to go to Beidaihe is May-June 65438+1October, and other scenic spots in Qinhuangdao are June-August. The best time for special bird watching tour is the migration season of migratory birds in spring and autumn.

[Traffic Guide]

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Qinhuangdao is located on the north bank of Bohai Sea, at the throat from North China to Northeast China, 380km from Beijing, 243km from Tianjin and 46 1 km from Shenyang. Excellent geographical location, convenient land, sea and air transportation.

External traffic

Aviation: Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Airport is 0/3 km away from the urban area/kloc-,and there are weekly flights to Shanghai, Nanjing, Dalian, Yantai, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang.

Railway: There are four main railway stations in Qinhuangdao, namely Qinhuangdao Station, Shanhaiguan Station, Beidaihe Station and Changli Station, covering almost the main tourist destinations in Qinhuangdao. Qinhuangdao is located at the crossroads from North China to Northeast China. Trains bound for North China (Beijing, Tianjin) all leave at Qinhuangdao Station, and trains bound for Northeast China (Shenyang) all leave at Shanhaiguan Station. The short-distance train from Qinhuangdao to Beijing will pass Beidaihe Station. In recent years, many summer tourist trains have been specially sent from Beijing to Beidaihe, Shanhaiguan and other places. Shanhaiguan is 312km away from Beijing. Long-distance trains from Beijing to Shenyang all pass through Shanhaiguan Station, about a dozen times a day.

Highway: Qinhuangdao has long-distance buses to nearby cities every day. In addition, Beidaihe seaside coach station also has buses bound for Beijing, Tianjin, Chengde, Zhengzhou and Shijiazhuang. There is a long-distance bus to Shijiazhuang in the courtyard of Coach Station in the North Ring Road of Qinhuangdao, which leaves at 8: 00 and 8: 15 every morning and arrives in 6 hours.

Beijing Capital Automobile Company and Taxi Company provide five-day and four-day tours from Beijing to Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao and Beidaihe. Taking an air-conditioned luxury bus is more expensive than taking a train, but accommodation and sightseeing are arranged for you, which is very convenient.

Water transport: Qinhuangdao Port is an ice-free port in northern China and the largest energy export port in the world. There are weekly passenger ships between Dalian and Qinhuangdao, with fares ranging from 69 yuan to 338 yuan. Generally, it takes about 14 hours to leave Qinhuangdao every day and return from Dalian the next day.

Domestic traffic

Highway: Shanhaiguan is only17km away from Qinhuangdao, and there are many bus flights. You can take bus No.6 from Beidaihe Railway Station to Qinhuangdao Railway Station. Shanhaiguan is 30 kilometers away from Beidaihe, and there is a shuttle bus between the two places.

Public transportation: There are buses or tourist buses between tourist attractions in Qinhuangdao, and the main buses between tourist attractions are:

3\4 Road: Shanhaiguan, Nanmen, Qinhuangdao, Railway Station, Great Wall Hotel, Municipal Government, Hualian Bus Station, Baitaling, Yanshan University, Wildlife Park, Beidaihe and Bus Station.

2 1 Road: Geziwo Park, Jinshan Shopping Mall, Rose Garden, Seaside Hotel, Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition Hall, Lotus Stone, Xishan Park, Beiling Garden and Beidaihe Bus Station.

Route 22: Beidaihe Railway Station, Niutouya, Nandaihe, Hedong Village and Beidaihe Bus Station.

23rd place: Meng Jiangnu Temple, Shanhaiguan Bus Station, Shanhaiguan, Xinghua Market, Cultural Palace, Great Wall Wonder.

Route 24: Shanhaiguan Bus Station, Shanhaiguan, Nanyuan, the first pass in the world, Yansai Lake.

Taxi: The price of taxis in Qinhuangdao is relatively low, and the starting price is only 5 yuan, so it is a very good means of transportation.