World astronomical calendar

That is the Gregorian calendar. It is also called Gregorian calendar because it is calculated according to the time required for the sun center to pass through vernal equinox-tropic year twice in a row. The average year of Gregorian calendar is 365 days, and there is a leap year at the end of February, which is 366 days. In the Gregorian calendar, when the number of epoch years in a year is not divisible by 4, it is the average year, such as 198 1 year; Leap year refers to a year that can be divisible by 4 but not by 100, such as1984; An average year is divisible by 100, but not by 400, such as1900; A leap year is exactly divisible by 400, such as 2000.

The average Gregorian calendar year is 365.2425 days, which is only one day away from the tropical year with a length of 365.2422 days. It will take more than 3,300 years to reach the level of "unified calendar" formulated by Yang Zhongfu in Nanjing, China in 1 199 (more than 380 years before Gregorian calendar).

It is unreasonable to allocate the number of days by month in Gregorian calendar, which is mixed with the power of emperors such as Gregorian calendar. The reasonable number of days per month can be summarized in two sentences: "leap year is small in one month and big in two months;" In normal years, February is reduced by one day. " However, because the Gregorian calendar has been widely used all over the world, it is very difficult to change it because of the great influence of human factors.

2. Lunar calendar:

Lunar calendar is a widely used calendar in China, also known as lunar calendar and summer calendar, because its calendar is based on the phase of the moon, with the moon from the first quarter to the second quarter, the second quarter to the first half of the new moon as a month. To calculate the lunar calendar, we first calculate the 24 solar terms and the new moon (the moment when the sun, the moon and the ecliptic are equal-the new moon). The day where the new moon is located is the first day, and the time from the new moon to the second day is one month, 29 days apart. If there is something in a month, it is the first month of the lunar calendar. If there is no qi, it is a leap month, and the leap month is unknown. If the leap month after April is "leap April", the gap between lunar year and tropic year can be adjusted at any time. In the lunar calendar, the average year is 12 months, and the number of days is 354 or 355 days. The leap year is 13 months, and the number of days is 383 or 384 days. This is the calendar of "the seventh leap month in nineteen years (plus the seventh leap month)" that China has been following from the Yin Dynasty in14th century BC to the Xinhai Revolution in19/,because the twenty-four solar terms are determined by the sun.

3. Dry calendar:

Heavenly stems and earthly branches is short for "dry branch". The heavenly stems are crossed, and the order is A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui. There are twelve characters in the earthly branch, and the order is Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai, which are all traditionally used to arrange the order. They are combined in parallel to form a heavenly stems and earthly branches table, which can be used repeatedly. The calendar of the trunk calendar is the same as the lunar calendar, and its year, month and month are the same.

4. solar terms:

Solar terms originated in ancient China, reflecting the changes of the four seasons when the earth revolves around the sun, as well as the farming season, and are well-known in rural areas. With the spread of the ancient calendar in China, solar terms are widely spread everywhere overseas Chinese go. Solar terms are determined according to the apparent position of the sun in the starry sky. Solar terms are also called twenty-four solar terms, which are the floorboard of twelve solar terms and twelve solar terms alternately arranged.

Brief introduction of 24 solar terms

Beginning of spring: Every year around February 4th of Gregorian calendar, China is used to taking beginning of spring as the solar term.

Rainwater: February 19 in Gregorian calendar every year. At this time, the countryside began to prepare for farming.

Surprise: Every year around March 6th of Gregorian calendar, it is a surprise. "After the surprise festival, spring ploughing will not stop." The north has entered a surprise attack, and spring ploughing is about to begin.

Vernal equinox: Every year on March 2 1 in Gregorian calendar, the vernal equinox occurs when the sun reaches 0 on the yellow meridian. At this time, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the sunshine in the northern and southern hemispheres is uniform, so the length of day and night is almost equal.

Tomb-Sweeping Day: Tomb-Sweeping Day celebrates around April 5th of the Gregorian calendar every year. At this time, the temperature in the Yellow River basin and most parts of China began to rise, the rainfall increased, the spring bloomed, and the sky was clear and cloudless, which was a good time for a spring outing. Grave sweeping activities are also very popular.

Grain Rain: Every year around April 20th of the Gregorian calendar, "Rain gives birth to hundreds of valleys" tells the origin of solar terms in Grain Rain. Grain Rain is the season for sowing and emergence of spring-sown crops in the north.

Long Summer: China is used to taking Long Summer as long summer, usually around May 6th of Gregorian calendar.

Xiaoman: Xiaoman is around May 2 1 of the Gregorian calendar every year. As the name implies, small fullness means that the seeds of summer crops will be full and mature. After Xiaoman, the wheat in the north of China will mature, and the winter wheat in Huanghuai Valley will be harvested.

Miscanthus: Miscanthus represents the mature season of wheat and other crops with awns, usually around June 6 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Summer solstice: June 2 1 is the summer solstice every year. The summer solstice means that the hot summer has arrived, and it is also the longest day of the year.

Slight summer heat: around July 7 of the Gregorian calendar every year. Generally, after the slight summer heat, it will count volts (initial, middle and final volts). It starts from summer to the third Geng in the future, so it marks the hottest season of the year.

Summer heat: around July 23rd in Gregorian calendar. As the name implies, the hot summer is the hottest time of the year.

Beginning of autumn: Every year around August 8th of the Gregorian calendar. China used to take this day as the beginning of autumn.

Summer: Every year around August 23rd in Gregorian calendar. Summer is a solar term, which reflects the change of temperature from hot to cold.

Bailu: Around September 8 every year, Bailu indicates that the temperature drops and dew appears.

Autumnal Equinox: Every year around September 23rd of Gregorian calendar. The autumnal equinox is evenly distributed between day and night. At this time, the sun shines directly on the equator, and the length of day and night is almost equal.

Cold dew: Every year on the 8th of Gregorian calendar 10. As soon as the cold dew arrives, North China begins to enter late autumn, and Yuan Ye is golden, which is a good season for autumn outing. It is early winter in the northeast, but the Yangtze River basin and its south are still lush.

First frost: Gregorian calendar 10 year1October 23rd or 24th every year. The first frost said that the climate is getting cold, and the northern region has already frosted or started to frost.

Beginning of winter: beginning of winter is around 1 1.7 every year. Beginning of winter is a solar term indicating the beginning of winter. At this time, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River will be frozen.

Light snow: Every year around Gregorian calendar165438+1October 22nd, which indicates the snow season. At this time, the climate in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and northern North China is cold.

Heavy snow: Winter wheat in the Yellow River Basin enters a dormant period around February 7, 65438+ Gregorian calendar every year.

Winter solstice: the annual winter solstice is around 65438+February 22nd. Winter solstice is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere. The shortest day and the longest night. After the winter solstice, it is "counting nine".

Slight cold: every year around 65438+10.6. At this time, around the "March 9th", most parts of China entered a period of severe cold.

Great cold: every year around 65438+1October 20th. Great cold is the coldest period in most parts of China.

Solar terms are closely related to the Gregorian calendar. China has a popular song "solar term song":

"Spring rain shocks the spring and the valley, and summer is full and summer is hot."

"Autumn dew, autumn frost, snowy winter, chilly winter."

In the Gregorian calendar:

"Come on June 2 1 day in the first half of the year and August 23 in the second half."

Set a date of two days every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days. "

5. Time difference and astronomical time

Fortune-telling time is astronomical time (depending on the longitude of the sun), while the time recorded in the average person's mind is clock time, that is, the average solar time in the artificially set standard time zone. If you were born at the beginning and end of a certain time, you will often make mistakes because of "depending on the sun time difference".

First, the longitude difference between the standard time and the place of birth:

The world is divided into twenty-four time zones, with longitude divisible by 15 as the central meridian of the region, and each time zone accounts for 15 degrees. In the area east of the central meridian of the time zone, the time should be increased, and in the area west, the time should be reduced by 4 minutes.

China is divided into five time zones:

(1) Central Plains Time Zone (East Eighth District): the central meridian is East longitude 120 degrees.

(2) Longshu Time Zone (East Zone 7): the central meridian is East longitude 105 degrees.

(3) New Tibet Time Zone (East Sixth District): 90 degrees east longitude is the central meridian.

(4) Kunlun Time Zone (East Zone 5): 75 degrees east longitude is the central meridian.

(5) Changbai Time Zone (East Zone 9): the central meridian is east longitude 135 degrees.

The "standard time" of a time zone is only the unified time in a large area and the "artificial" time that everyone abides by, not the "local time (LMT)"-the real longitude time of every place in the time zone. This principle is used anywhere in the world to add and subtract the longitude of the birthplace and the standard time of the birthplace.

For example, the Central Plains time zone includes Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province. When the clock strikes 12 at noon in this large area, only the position on the east longitude 120 degree line is 12, and all other places are less or more than 12. For example, Hong Kong is located at east longitude 1 14 degrees 10 minutes, and 5 degrees and 50 minutes west of east longitude 1 1: 36: 40.

Second, the time difference between the average solar time and the apparent solar time.

The "average time of the sun" with a clock time of 24 hours per day is artificially set, and it is assumed that the orbit of the earth's rotation and revolution around the sun is a perfect circle, which is just the "unified" time set by the government for the convenience of administrative measures. In fact, because of the yellow equator, the rotation and revolution of the earth are not 24 hours every day of the year. Only April 25th, June 14, September 1 and February 24th of the solar calendar are exactly 24 hours, and the other 36 1 days are not. This error is called "apparent solar time difference". The world nautical calendar indicates the time difference between the true solar day and the average solar day every day.

Third, the time difference of daylight saving time.

There is also a kind of "wartime time" in artificial time, which is also called "daylight saving time" and "daylight saving time" in some countries and local governments. Because of the early sunrise, late sunset and long days in summer, in order to make full use of sunlight and save electricity, the work and rest time is advanced by one hour (clocks and watches are set forward by one hour). Because of the above three time differences, it is not easy to get an accurate astronomical birth time. It is especially difficult to calculate the horoscope of foreigners, because in some areas, it is winter time, or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), or the local time system is not uniform, so life scientists should first ask the time system in this area to avoid mistakes.

If the birth time is at the junction of solar terms or solar terms, it is necessary to accurately calculate the time difference, otherwise not only the time is wrong, but also the birthday, birth month and birth year may be wrong because of an incorrect time.

5. The first month, winter month and twelfth month:

The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar, and the first day of the first month is the Spring Festival.

The winter moon is the November of the lunar calendar;

The twelfth lunar month is the twelfth lunar month, and the last day of the twelfth lunar month is New Year's Eve.

Constellation was called constellation in ancient times. Fan Jinzhong Residence: "Now I am the master, the stars in the sky." "The stars in the sky can't beat it." It is a superstition that the ancients thought that all the people with fame in the world were born of stars.

Twenty-eight Hostels, also known as Twenty-eight Houses or Twenty-eight Stars, is a 28-star area divided by the ancients to observe the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars, which is used to explain the position of the sun, the moon and the five stars. There are several stars every night. The names of the Twenty-eight Hostels are arranged from west to east as follows: Black Dragon Seven Hostels (Jiao, Kangkang, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji); Seven nights in North Xuanwu (barrels, cows, women, emptiness, danger, houses and walls); Seven nights in West White Tiger (Wei Xiao, Lou, Wei, Chang Mao, Bi, Gou Zite, Shen); South Suzaku seven nights (well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing, Zhen). Tang Dynasty poem "Taiye Pool Song": "Communicate with Bailiang in the middle of the night, and arrive at Yutang in the 28th night." Exaggerated description of the stars shining in the palace. Wang Bo's preface to Wang Teng-ting: "Things are treasures, and the dragon light shoots the bull market." In other words, the products are gorgeous, and there are natural treasures. Longquan sword light shines directly on Dousu and NiuSu Xing. Liu Yuxi's poem: "The geese are startled at night, and the flags flutter and touch the stars." Describe an earth-shattering scene in which a soldier sets out. The stars are the night.

See four pictures of the article "Twenty-eight Hostels". The ancients imagined seven nights in the east, west, north and south as four animal images, called four elephants. Seven nights in the east, like a flying dragon in the air at the end of spring and early summer, is called the black dragon and the east official. The seven nights in the north appear as snakes and turtles in the night sky in summer and early autumn, so it is called Beiguan Xuanwu; The seven-night tiger in the west jumps out of the night sky in late autumn and early winter, so it is called Xiguan White Tiger. Seven nights in Nanguan is like a suzaku spreading its wings and flying, appearing in the night sky in winter and early spring, so it is called Nanguan suzaku.

In order to predict the good or bad of the world with the change of astronomical phenomena, ancient astrologers corresponded the starry sky area with the countries and states on the ground, which was called the dividing line. Specifically, it is to regard a star as the dividing line of a country, a star as the dividing line of a state, or conversely, regard a country as the dividing line of a star and a state as the dividing line of a star. For example, Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "Zhang Yu is the old county, and Hongdu is the new house. The stars spread their wings and meet Lu Heng. " In other words, Nanchang, Jiangxi is located on the dividing line between Yisu and Suye. Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan: Panting, we brushed Orion and crossed the well star. Then, we held our chest with our hands and groaned, and collapsed to the ground. Betelgeuse is the dividing line between Yizhou (now Sichuan) and Yongzhou (now most of Shaanxi and Gansu), and the Shu Road spans Yizhou and Yongzheng. Visiting a well means that Shu Dao is on the extremely high mountains of Yi and Yong countries, and people have to raise their heads and touch the stars in the sky to reach it.

Twenty-eight Hostels and China are divided as follows (draft).

The fourth of the seven nights in the Pleiades, the Western White Tiger, consists of seven stars, also known as the flag head. Li Heshi's poem "Autumn Quiet, See Lotus Head" in Tang Dynasty refers to the Pleiades. In the Tang Dynasty, Wei Xiang's poem "Liaodong veteran has snow on his temples, but he still looks at his head every night" also refers to the Pleiades. This poem shows a veteran's high vigilance and careful defense.

The quotient refers to the night in the seven nights of Xiguan White Tiger, and the quotient refers to the night in the seven nights of Dongguan Black Dragon, which is another name for night. The betel nut in the west, the heart in the east, and two in the starry sky, one for this and the other for this, are often used to mean that people can't meet each other when they are separated. For example, Cao Zhi's poem "When friends meet, it is as difficult as the stars in the morning and evening".

Wall lodge refers to the seventh of the seven nights in Beiguan Xuanwu, which consists of two stars. Because it is in the east of the bedroom, it looks like the wall of the bedroom, also called the east wall. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said that the poem "East Wall Bookstore, West Garden Hanmo Forest" described the wall house as a library in the sky.

Streaming fire, falling; Fire refers to Mars, which is the heart of the Black Dragon Dongguan for seven nights. "The Book of Songs. July: "July is full of fire, and September gives clothes." July is equivalent to August in the Gregorian calendar, and filariasis refers to the gradual decline of the position of the fire star from the sky to the west, indicating that the summer heat has receded.

The Big Dipper, also known as the Big Dipper, refers to seven bright stars arranged in a bucket (or spoon) shape in the northern sky. The names of these seven stars are: Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang. Arranged like a bucket, it is called "Beidou". According to the Big Dipper, the North Star can be found, so it is also called "Pointing Star". Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs": "If you hold an arc, you will fall. Help Beidou to drink cinnamon pulp." Nineteen ancient poems: "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid." Yuheng is the fifth star in the Big Dipper. In the story of Xiaoshitang, "snake hunting" is used to describe it as winding as the curve of the Big Dipper.

The name Polaris is a symbol of the northern sky. Ancient astronomers admired Polaris very much, thinking that it was fixed and all the stars revolved around it. In fact, due to precession, Polaris is also changing. Three thousand years ago, Emperor Star was the North Star of the Zhou Dynasty, and Shu Tian was the North Star of the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In 12,000 years, Vega will become the North Star.

Comet hits the moon. Comet is commonly known as broom star. When a comet hits the moon, it means that the light of the comet sweeps across the moon. According to superstition, this is a sign of catastrophe. For example, "Tang drama does not disgrace the mission": "Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang, and the comet hit the moon."

Bai Hongguan's "rainbow" is actually a kind of "halo" and an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere. The appearance of this phenomenon is often a sign that the weather will change, but the ancients regarded this natural phenomenon as a sign that abnormal things will happen on the earth. For example, "Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission": "Nie stabbed Han Yu, Bai Hong penetrated his grandson." Zou Yang's "Han Shu Liang Wang in Prison": "The meaning of Mu Yandan in Jing Ke in the past, Bai Hongguan, the prince feared it." Yan Taizi Dan raised Jing Ke thick and let him stab the king of Qin. The elephant appeared the day before yesterday, but Taizi Dan was afraid.

Jiao Yun Gaihua Gaihua, constellation name, with 16 stars, is located in the seat of the Five Emperors and now belongs to Cassiopeia. I used to be superstitious and thought it was unlucky to be a canopy star in people's destiny. Lu Xun's poem "Self-mockery": "What does a canopy want? You dare not turn it over, you have already met it. "

The nickname of the moon is the most prominent description object of natural objects mentioned in ancient poems. Its nicknames can be divided into:

(1) Because the first month is like a hook, it is called a silver hook and a jade hook.

(2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.

(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror.

(4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.

(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling.

(6) According to legend, there are two palaces in the middle of the month, namely Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace, so they are called Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace.

(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu.

It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.

(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan.

According to ancient myths, the name of the sun god is Xihe, and he is flying in the sky with a hexagonal dragon car. Things refer to the rising sun. "Promoting weaving": "Dong Jia, lying stiff and worrying for a long time." "Xi in the east is driving" means that the sun in the east has come out.

Sirius is the brightest star in the whole sky. Su Shi's poem Jiangchengzi said: "I can bow like a full moon, look at the northwest and shoot Sirius." Among them, the allusion comes from the stars, the bow carving refers to the vector star, and Sirius is Sirius. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" also includes "Shooting Sirius with a long arrow", and a long arrow is a vector star.

Laonian Star is the second brightest star in the whole sky and the brightest star in the Antarctic constellation. People call it the birthday girl. If northerners can see it, it will be auspicious and safe. In Du Fu's poem, he said, "Tonight, outside the Antarctic, I would like to be an old gentleman star."

Morning glory weaver "Morning glory", also known as Altair, is the brightest star in the night sky in summer and autumn, located in the east of the Milky Way. "Vega", Vega, is in the west of the Milky Way, opposite Altair. Nineteen ancient poems: "Far away, Altair, Hehan girl." Cao Tang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Weaver Girl with Petunia": "The beauty of Beidou cries, but her eyes are broken."

The Milky Way, also known as Han Yin, Tianhe, Tianhan, Xinghan and Han Yun, is a milky bright belt across the sky, which consists of more than 1000 billion stars. Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea": "Star Han is brilliant, if it is out of its territory." Chen Ziang bid farewell to his friends in the spring night: "The bright moon hides tall trees, but the long river is unknown." Su Shi's "Yangguan Qu": "The twilight clouds are all cold, and the silver and the Han silently turn to the jade plate." Qin Guan's "Queqiao Fairy" said: "Thin clouds are clever, flying stars spread grievances, and silver is far from Han."

One of the names of Wenquxing. In the old superstition, Wen Quxing was the star in charge of literary movement, and the person who was hired as a big official by the court was Wen Quxing. For example, Wu's Fan Jinzhong Residence: "These masters of Chinese studies are all satellites in the sky."

The ancient star name of Gang Gang refers to the handle of the Big Dipper. Taoism believes that there are thirty-six highest sun stars and seventy-two earth stars in the Big Dipper. Influenced by this superstition, the novel Water Margin attached 108 uprising leaders to the water margin, forming the highest day star and the earth star.

According to the ancient superstition of clouds and qi, dragons rise to produce clouds, and tigers roar to produce wind, which is the so-called "cloud dragons and wind tigers". He also said that where the real dragon emperor was born, there were strange clouds in the sky, which the fortune teller could see. For example, The Hongmen Banquet said, "I am very popular. Everyone is a dragon and a tiger, and this son of heaven is angry."

Lunar calendar is a traditional calendar that has been used for a long time in China. It sets the month according to the cycle of the sun, and makes the average length of a year close to the year when the sun returns by placing leap. Because this calendar arranges 24 solar terms to guide agricultural production activities, it is called lunar calendar, also known as China calendar and summer calendar, commonly known as lunar calendar. The ancients wrote articles based on the lunar calendar. For example, "You Baochan" refers to July of the first year, "Shi Zhongshan" refers to Ding Chou in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, and June and July of the lunar calendar are equivalent to July and August of the Gregorian calendar.

Chuyang is in November of the lunar calendar, after the winter solstice and before beginning of spring. At this time, the yang is the first to move, so it is called "Chu Yang". Peacock flies southeast: "In the past, Chu Yang was old, and Xie Jia came to the door."

Four seasons refer to four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The lunar calendar takes the first month, February and March as spring, which are called Meng Chun, Zhongchun and Ji Chun respectively. April, May and June are summer. They are called Xia Meng, Midsummer and the last month of summer respectively. Autumn, winter and so on. Ouyang Xiu's Preface to the Drunk Pavilion: "The wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water comes out, and it is also in the mountains at four seasons."

In Sheri, the festival of ancient farmers offering sacrifices to the land gods was around the vernal equinox. Happy forever: "Looking back, there is a crow club drum under the Beaver Temple." The social drum refers to the drum that worships the land god on social days.

On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, there is a custom of begging for cleverness on Tanabata. Legend has it that this is the night when morning glory and Weaver Girl get together. Peacock flies southeast: "On the seventh and ninth day of the seventh lunar month, don't forget each other when playing."

The first19th day of the ninth lunar month is the day when women get together.

There are four main chronologies in ancient China:

(1) Chronology of Maharaja Ascension to Heaven. Count the years according to the years of the prince's reign. For example, Zuo Zhuan. The Battle of Dice: "In the spring of thirty-three years, the Qin Dynasty crossed the North Gate of Zhou Dynasty." I stayed in Lu Xigong for thirty-three years. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: "In the sixteenth year of Huiwen, Lian Po was General Zhao."

(2) the number of years and the method of years. There has been a title since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since then, every emperor has to change the throne and mark the year with the year number. For example, The Story of Yueyang Tower, Four Years of Qingchun, Pipa, Ten Years of Yuanhe, You Bao Chan Shan, July of the First Year of Yuanhe, Shi Zhongshan, Seven Years of Yuanfeng, Meihualing, Two Years of Shunzhi, Two Years of Deyou, and South Guide.

(3) chronology of major branches. Such as "Five Tombstones": "In memory of the arrest of Duke Zhou, I hope Ding Mao will be in March." "Ding Mao" refers to AD1627; The preface to the story of the seventy-two martyrs in Huanghuagang: "The worst death was the siege of Guangdong and Guangxi on March 29th,191." Xinhai refers to the year1911; "Letter to Wife" "Xin Wei reads six nights and four drums in March" and "Xin Wei" should be Xinhai. In modern times, chronicles of cadres and branches are often used to represent major historical events, such as the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Reform Movement of 1898, the boxer indemnity, the Sino-Japanese Treaty and the Revolution of 1911.

(4) The year number should be both a stem and a branch. When the year is numbered, the emperor's year is put in front, and the cadres and branches are listed behind. For example, Yangzhou Slow, "Xichun Shen Bing", "Xichun" is the year number of Zhao Shen, Song Xiaozong, and "Shen Bing" is the year number of the main branch; In the story of Nuclear Ship, "Apocalypse is the autumn day in Ren Xu", "Apocalypse" is the year number of Zhu Youxiao, and "Ren Xu" is the dry year. "The Memorial to Sister Wen Kuangganlong Ding Haidong", "Gan Long" is the title of Hongli of Qing Emperor Aisingiorro, and "Ding Hai" is the year of Ganzhi; Ji Ling, a plum blossom, is in April of the second year of Shunzhi. Shunzhi is the title of Aisingiorro Fu Lin, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, and Yiyou is the year of dry.

There were three lunar calendar methods in ancient China:

(1) ordinal calendar method. For example, "Herb Picking": "March flowers in the flat land, April flowers in the deep mountains." Preface to the South Guide February of the second year was the fifth summer in a year, and the fifth was May. In April this year, "Tan Sitong" ordered the rule of the country, "summoned Yuan Shikai on the first day of August" and "cut the city on August 13th".

(2) the method of the earth supporting the moon. The ancients used to call the twelve earthly branches twelve months, and each earthly branch had a specific word "sword" in front of it. For example, Du Fu's poem "Caotang is a thing" said: "A deserted village builds a moon, and an old woman's family is alone." "Zhuziyue" refers to the November of the lunar calendar according to the method of Zhou Dynasty. Yu Xin's "Jiangnan Fu": "In the year of Chen Wu, the moon of the sea was built and Jinling collapsed." "Building the sea" means October of the lunar calendar.

(3) seasonal calendar method. Such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "When Meng Dong is cold, why is the north wind sad?" "Meng Dong" stands for October of the lunar calendar; Tao Yuanming's nine quasi-ancient poems "Midspring Strikes Rain", and "Midspring" stands for February of the lunar calendar.

There were four kinds of calendars in ancient China:

1) ordinal date method. For example, "Meihualing": "On the 25th, the city fell, and the valiant soldier drew his sword and committed suicide." "Ji Xiang Xuanzhi": "On the night of March 5th, the moon is half full. "35" refers to the first15th day of the lunar calendar. Preface to the 712 martyrs in Huanghuagang: "The worst death was the siege of Guangdong and Guangxi on March 29th,191. "

2) The method of keeping the year and date. For example, The Battle of Dishes: "In summer and April, Xin Si defeated Qin Jun with vegetables." "Xin Si in April" refers to the 13th day of April in the lunar calendar; "Shi Zhongshan Ji" "Ding Chou in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng", that is, "Climbing Mount Tai on June 9th of the lunar calendar" refers to this month18th. The ancients also used heavenly stems or earthly branches to represent specific days. For example, "Zi Mao is unhappy" in the Book of Rites, which refers to an evil day or a taboo day.

3) Moon phase and date method. Refers to the use of "new moon, non-,prosperous, both prosperous and beneficial" to mark the day. The first day of each month is called the new moon, the third day of each month is called the moon, and the middle of the month is called the moon (the fifteenth day of a small month and the sixteenth day of a big month). The day after the moon is called hope, and the last day of each month is called cloudy. For example, "Sacrificing Sister" and "Looking at the Sun in July"; "Five Tombstones" and "Looking at Ding Mao in March"; "Red Cliff Fu" is "endless in autumn, looking forward to July"; "Book with Wife" "Three or four months after the first marriage, looking around at the winter".

4) Use both the trunk and the moon. Before the dry support is placed, after the moon phase is arranged. Such as "Climbing Mount Tai": "Wu Shenhui, five drums, sitting in the pavilion with Zi Ying."

There are two main timing methods in ancient China:

1) sky chronology. The ancients originally divided a day and night into twelve hours according to the change of the sky. Their names are: Midnight, Crow, Pingdan, Sunrise, Food Time, Horn (Yu), Sun, Sun (Death), Sun (Divination), Sunrise, Dusk, and Man's Decision.

2) Geochronological method. The twelve earthly branches represent the change of twelve o'clock in a day and night. See the attached table for the corresponding relationship among paleo-age, geological age and present ordinal age. (Figure omitted)

Heavenly dryness and earthly branch are two common timing methods in ancient poetry. For example, "Peacock flies southeast": "Chickens crow into the weaving and can't rest every night." "After dusk, lonely people will settle down." "Li Su enters Cai Zhou on a snowy night": "The more it snows in the middle of the night, the more anxious it is. The more you get to the gate, the cry stops and the door breaks." "Farewell to Furong Inn and Xin Qiji": "It's cold and rainy at night, and Chushan sees the guests off." Pingming is another name for Pingdan. Another example is "Lost Street Pavilion": "Wei Bing has been sleepy since morning." Jingyanggang: "You can teach guests to help in the afternoon, at noon, not three hours." "Sister-in-law": "When you return home, you will die." Heroes Will Be Recruited by Jiang Gan: "From the time you die to the time you are not dead."

In ancient China, the night was divided into five periods, and the time was told by drums, so it was called the Five Watches, Five Drums or Five Nights. For example, "Peacock flies southeast": "Raise your head and sing to each other, reaching five shifts every night." Heroes will be recruited by Jiang Gan: "When you are listening to the pillow, the army will play the second watch." "Li Su enters Cai Zhou on a snowy night": "Four drums, forgive the city, no one knows." "Climbing Mount Tai": "Wu Shenhui, five drums, sitting in the pavilion with Ziying." Book with Wife: "Xin Wei reads six nights and four drums in March, which means calligraphy.