What kind of person is Liu Bowen?

The Real Liu Bowen in History: The precocity and development of Zhimou culture is a unique phenomenon in China. In this culture, China people especially worship smart people. In the series of wise men, there are two idols, one is Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period, and the other is Liu Bowen in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. People in the past dynasties have endowed these two relationships with many magical legends. According to legend, they are not only resourceful, but also able to give orders. When Lu Xun criticized the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for deifying Zhuge Liang in A Brief History of Chinese Novels, he said that Mr. Wang was not described as a normal person, but was a "wise demon", while Liu Bowen was severely distorted by many legends of later generations, even if he was not a "wise demon", he was also a "wise demon".

Liu Ji, the word blog post. Yuan Wuzong was born in his senior year (13 1 1). His hometown, Wuyang Village, South Tianshan Mountain, qingtian county (now Wencheng, Zhejiang), belongs to Chuzhou Road, a province in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, according to the administrative divisions of the Yuan Dynasty.

Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the source of humanity. Although Wuyang Village, Liu Bowen's hometown, is a remote mountain village, more than 50 miles away from Qingtian County/KLOC-0, the atmosphere of reading is enduring. Liu Ji's great-grandfather became an official in the Song Dynasty and passed it on to Liu Ji's father's generation. Although it is not the first time, it is undoubtedly a typical small-sized reading family in the traditional rural areas of China. In this context, Liu Bowen received a good traditional Confucian education since childhood. "Ming Shi" said that Liu Bowen was "young and clever" and was particularly clever. His teacher told his father that Liu Bowen was not in the pool. When he grew up, he would be proud of his ancestors.

"History of Ming Dynasty" also records that "the history of Ji Jing is read in books, especially in the study of latitude". The so-called astrology is a set of mysterious knowledge to predict people by observing astronomical phenomena and divination. In ancient times when science was underdeveloped, this understanding was reasonable. If it is supplemented by careful thinking and clear judgment, its so-called predictions will often come true, which puts a strange veil on this knowledge.

These two records in the History of Ming Dynasty are very important, because they basically outline Liu Bowen's two life trajectories: one is Liu Bowen, who was deeply educated by traditional Confucianism and was a "Confucian"; One is a goose feather fan, as Liu Bowen's "adviser". The two can't be neglected, rather the former is more important, but it's a pity that after the rendering by unofficial history and the people, it may also include the intentional or unintentional "transformation" of Liu Bowen's descendants. As a counselor, Liu Bowen "overwhelmed" Liu Bowen as a Confucian. As a result, a traditional intellectual who was not without tragedy turned into a funny and clever monster in all kinds of bizarre legends, almost equal to a charlatan.

As a Confucian, Liu Bowen will, as always, follow the path of his predecessors. In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1333), 23-year-old Liu Bowen took the imperial examination in Yuan Dynasty and was admitted as a scholar. It is worth mentioning that according to the system of the Yuan Dynasty, only adult males over 25 years old can take the exam. According to the research of contemporary scholar Yang Ne, Liu Bowen lied about being 26 years old and finally got away with it. However, as long as it is based on real materials, in the old society, this is a story of literati.

In the second year of Yuan Shundi Zhiyuan (1336), Liu Bowen, who was already a scholar, officially entered the official career and became a county magistrate in Gaoan County, Ruizhou Road, Jiangxi Province. The so-called Xiancheng is a subordinate of the county magistrate. His rank is not enough to be a "seven-product sesame official", but he belongs to eight products, which is slightly equivalent to today's deputy magistrate.

There is nothing wrong with a low level. According to the system of the yuan dynasty, the third-ranked Jinshi can only get eight grades. A talented young man can't help himself after all. The crux of the matter is that Liu Bowen is a bit unlucky. He is in a completely declining world at the moment.

As a minority regime, the biggest problem of the Yuan Dynasty was that it was superstitious about force and did not advocate civil administration, so it won the world at once and also "ruled at once". In addition, the Yuan Dynasty was suspicious of the Han nationality, so it never established an effective system. By the time Yuan Shundi, the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, the ruling machine of the Yuan Dynasty was more dull and decadent.

Generally speaking, the decline of the world has two important signs: one is that bureaucracy is so bad that one or two people with lofty ideals can't improve it. The upper class is greedy for pleasure, and an unprecedented social crisis is imminent, but it turns a blind eye intentionally or unintentionally, as if "singing in the boat and drinking in the house"; Secondly, many unstable factors germinated in the grass field. During Yuan Shundi's administration, natural disasters continued, but the official management was not good.

Liu Bowen, who read a lot of poems, proudly walked out of his study. He was almost born with the ambition of "governing the country by self-cultivation", but he worked as a small official in Jiangxi for five years. In the end, he only ended up depressed and asked to retire. According to historical records, in Jiangxi, "being strict and loving him, Wang thought it was his father's kindness" and wanted to have a good record, but "wanting to be trapped" meant that powerful nobles from all over the country opposed him and finally had to leave and return to their hometown on 1340. Jiangxi's short five-year experience as an official did not make Liu Bowen completely disappointed with the Yuan regime. Later, he found an official position promoted by Confucianism in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which is a position in charge of local education affairs, only one level higher than Xian Cheng's "eight products" and belongs to "seven products". Liu Ji, who is ambitious and talented, will certainly not be satisfied with this. At least he worked for twelve years (1352) and resigned. The reason for his resignation is poor health, which is disputed by later generations. But whether Liu Bowen was really sick or not, his frustration with the Yuan regime became more and more obvious. This can be seen from the book Yu Ion he wrote after he resigned ~