Liao Guanyin Liao Guanyin uprising

Under the influence of the growing Yihetuan movement in Sichuan, the activities of the Red Light Sect in Shibantan are in full swing. Sheng Shiying wrote a poem to describe this situation. Although his evaluation of Hongguang religion was inappropriate in some places, it did reflect the situation at that time and the will of all believers to "oppose Qing Dynasty and destroy foreign countries". He wrote:

"The defense team scattered back to the field, and the demon star shone in Sichuan for five nights. The window of fox fire opened at first, and Longtan was full of fists in the quiet night. I retired from farming and danced in Longpan Village, saying that the girl in front of the stage was upset, like drunk and ignorant, and even her head was poked hard. "

Liao and Zeng formed the red light school as a unit, and the master preached: every eleven believers were divided into a shed, and the head of the shed led the boxing practice; Every ten sheds are a shed to restrain the organization; Other leaders of the Red Light Sect, also known as arhats and immortals, appealed to the people by Buddhism. Liao Guanyin turned the courtyard dam and dry pond in front of the door into a playground for practicing martial arts, and personally taught believers to practice boxing. At that time, there was a poem praising: "The setting sun falls in Liaojiazhuang, and the red lantern is busy practicing boxing." .

The activities of the Red Light School reached the ears of Gong Ziwei, the magistrate of Huayang County (Shibantan belonged to Huayang County at that time). He was restless and sent a team to search. Led by Liao Guanyin, the Red Army fought back and defeated Tuanding. At the same time, it smashed the court facilities and doors and windows of the county government and destroyed a church. The magistrate escaped and went to Chengdu to ask for soldiers. From then on, the armed confrontation between the Boxer Rebellion in western Sichuan and the Qing army began, with Liao Guanyin as the head and Aunt Zeng as the deputy.

Sichuan Governor Qi Jun was very surprised when he learned the news. He never imagined that there would be a Boxer Rebellion near Chengdu. Now there will be future trouble, so Tang Zhiyuan, the alternate magistrate of a county, was urgently sent to lead 100 people from the Qing army barracks to suppress it. On June 3 1902, Tang rushed to Ertaizi to suppress it. The Red Army fought back bravely, defeated Tang Zhiyuan, destroyed a Jesus church in Huayang County and punished the evil priest. Shocked by the situation in Sichuan, the Qing court urgently transferred Ma Weiqi as the prefect of Sichuan, "take the brave battalion, equip the arms, and go to work quickly".

/kloc-in June of 0/7, Chi Guangzong practiced boxing at Wenchang Palace in Longtan Temple. After receiving the information, Huayang County Magistrate personally led Lian Ding to sit in the town. The county magistrate didn't know that as soon as the sentry jumped into the temple gate, he was hacked to death by the ambush Red Army. Behind Lian Ding turned around and ran, and the red light athlete took the opportunity to fight, and Lian Ding fled. Gong Ziwei almost died and fled to the second platform to avoid the pursuit of the Red Army.

In the face of drastic changes in the situation, Liao Guanyin predicted that there would be fierce battles in the future, but she did not flinch. Instead, she organized the Red Light Sect to firmly hold an uprising swearing-in meeting in the main temple of Shibantan, Sichuan, to avenge the suffering people by "killing foreigners, killing corrupt officials, helping the rich and helping the poor, resisting donating food, burning religions, resisting officers and soldiers, and encircling the county".

The couplet of the uprising pledge posted by the Red Light Sect on the main temple gate in Sichuan reads: "Strike while the iron is hot, strike the steel and hit the mountain, all of which are iron arhats to save the people, save the people and strive for victory", and the banner reads: "Sweep the ocean". Liao Guanyin made a strategic plan to besiege Chengdu immediately after the swearing-in uprising. The situation at that time was: the Li Yonghong Boxer Regiment on Jianyang East Road was active in the area of Baihe Temple; Xiongqinghe Boxer Regiment in Renshou, South Road developed rapidly, and cooperated with Pengshan Boxer Regiment to form a powerful armed force. There are Boxers in Wenxi, Chongqing, Chongguan. In addition, Ding, commander of the Sichuan Military Region, has been transferred to Yulong Mountain, Anyue, and Liu, another boxer in northern Sichuan. Liao Guanyin thought that if the south, north and east roads could attack together at this time, Chengdu would be desirable, so she decided to send more troops from Shibantan on the north road to Longtan Temple and attack Chengdu.

In late July, after defeating the Qing army at Shibantan, Liao Guanyin sent his troops to Yuanshan Temple (2 kilometers away from Longtan Temple) in the west, joined the Boxer Rebellion in Ertaizi and Yuanshan Temple, and joined forces with Li Yonghong in the east and Xiongqinghe in the south to "attack the provincial capital on the 22nd and 3rd". Longtan Temple is very important to Chengdu. Liao Guanyin broke through the defense line of Longtan Temple and went straight to Chengdu in two hours. So the Qing army also sent more troops to Longtan Temple, and the battle of Longtan Temple was imminent.

On July 23rd, Liao Guanyin led the Boxer Rebellion to attack Longtan Temple, which was the first bloody battle since the uprising. After a day's fighting, Liao Guanyin Boxer "destroyed fields at night and burned dozens of huts at the end of the field and the head of the field", which drove the Qing army out of Longtan Temple and won the first battle.

Liao Guanyin's victory in Longtan Temple shocked the rulers of Sichuan. At that time, Chengdu was "full of flames at night, and lanterns were the figures patrolling the streets." Wang Zengqi wrote in the poem "Personal Inspection": "Boxing the people and fighting the court, people are talking, and officials are worried. Gathered in the supervisory office, Hongyan raised a business, and I didn't know how to find a way. I panicked. "

These corrupt officials are usually bossy, but now they are in a mess. Military commanders dare not supervise teachers, and soldiers dare not go out of the city. In desperation, the army finally decided that a 76-year-old civil servant would lead troops to fight against Shi (beside the king) in order to pull out Liao Guanyin as soon as possible.

On July 24th, Chen Ju led the troops to Longtan Temple. When I arrived at Longtan Temple, nobody was in charge. Chen Orange was puzzled and sent Yong Ding to explore the road. As soon as they arrived in the field, the Boxer Rebellion ambushed in the sorghum field jumped out. Before they could come to their senses, they became the ghosts of the Boxer Rebellion. It turned out that Liao Guanyin, after learning the news of the Qing army's attack, decided to set up a pocket array, then withdrew the Boxer from Longtan Temple and ambushed in the bamboo forest on the nearby hill, ready to attack at night and destroy this main force guarding Chengdu. Chen orange was caught. He thought Liao Guanyin had fled when he heard the news, so he stationed the Qing army in Longtan Temple.

In the evening, various Boxers stormed Longtan Temple. Chen orange was unexpected, and hurriedly ordered the Qing army to guard the entrance and shoot at random with foreign guns. The Boxer Rebellion was very brave. Under the strong firepower of the Qing army, it constantly attacked the positions of the Qing army. They "all threw themselves forward, followed by the latter, dancing with knives and axes, chanting spells, and if they are crazy, they are not afraid of death ...".

On July 26th, Liao Guanyin challenged Chen Ju, "About tomorrow's war". In a rage, Chen Ju killed the messenger and turned to the army for help. The troops immediately "flew to Xindu to practice 400, and plunged into the various customs to help fight in the starry night", and also dispatched "Ya' an Qing soldiers' second whistle to advance" to reinforce Longtan Temple. At this critical moment, it's a pity that Liao Guanyin sent someone to tip off Xiongqinghe, South Road, and besieged Chengdu. Unfortunately, it was stopped by the Qing army at the foot of Longquan Mountain, and the bear was still wandering in Pengshan, waiting for news. Li Yonghong's Boxer Rebellion was in Jianyang East Road, and was blocked by the Qing army on Longquan Mountain, so it could not be reinforced. The situation is very unfavorable to Liao Guanyin, leaving her alone.

The next morning, Liao Guanyin personally bid. Holding a pennant and a red handkerchief in her hand, she sat in a sedan chair and was carried by four strong men. She rushed to the gate of Longtan Temple and led the Boxer to kill the position of the Qing army. On the battlefield, gunfire roared, smoke filled the air, red flags fluttered, cavalry took turns to attack, shouting and killing like thunder, and the slogan of "capture the old dog alive" resounded through the sky. The Qing army was awed by the momentum of the Boxer Rebellion. Seeing that the situation is about to be chaotic and the defense line is about to collapse, Chen Ju is anxious and shouts: "Whoever dares to lose will be beheaded!" The Qing soldiers were ordered to resist, hold Taguchi and shoot at close range with guns and nine-son rifles. This bloody battle is "the moment when the outcome is not divided." Later, when the Boxer Rebellion was launched again, Liu Tong, the artillery of China Army in Qingyuan, ordered the Qing army to "bombard it with flowers", which caused great casualties to the Boxer Rebellion. In order to avoid unnecessary sacrifice, Liao Guanyin and Aunt Zeng discussed and decided to temporarily abandon the plan of besieging Chengdu, withdraw the slate beach and save their strength. Chen Ju led the Qing army in pursuit. Wherever he goes, he kills everyone he sees, and the blood becomes a river. Liao Guanyin witnessed the atrocities of the Qing soldiers killing innocent people, and he was both sad and angry. In order to prevent the people in her hometown from being robbed again, she led the Boxer Rebellion to withdraw from Shibantan and move to Jintang and Guanghan. 1in late July, 902, Liao Guanyin's team entered Xiaojiaping in Xiaojing. At the same time, fighters such as Xiong Qinghe and Li Yonghong also came to Jintang. The leader of the Jintang Boxer is Tang Shunzhi, known as "Marshal", who is a famous scholar. He is familiar with history books, knows how to be smooth, is decent and loves to help the poor. The boxer movement led by him is very influential in this area. At present, the Boxer Rebellion stationed in Yu Qingjiang Town of Huopen Mountain lives in the Huopen Temple on the mountain, and the fire temple in the town and the west of Jintang have become the world of the Boxer Rebellion.

Liao Guanyin's meeting with Tang, Xiong, Li and others this time is even worse. They agreed to take Guanghan first, March to the northwest, attack Mianjian, occupy the plain, and take Chengdu directly from the south. When Kuijun saw that the Boxer was going north and Guanghan Sanshui Pass would be the next target, he felt a sweat in his hand. Sanshui Pass, known as the "natural barrier", will be covered by three waters (commonly known as the North River, the Middle River and the South River). Easy to defend but difficult to attack, it is the main road of land and water transportation and the throat of Guanghan. If we hold Sanshui Pass first, Liao Guanyin will have the key to open the north gate of the provincial capital. Therefore, he urgently transferred Sun Liequan, the registered company commander, to "specifically suppress the bandits in Hanzhou and Jintang".

There is a person to be mentioned here. He is the magistrate Gao in Hangzhou. This man is an executioner who started by suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in Sichuan. He is ruthless. He has always been an expert in the "main suppression faction" in Sichuan, and he is highly valued by the Governor of the Chief Army. At present, Liao Guanyin and other Boxers have gathered in Jintang. He was eager to make contributions, so he personally took more than 100 people from Arrest Hall and Tuanding Yong Lian to Jintang Jinshui Mill to stop the Boxer from going north.

At the beginning of August, he found that the Boxer Rebellion was practicing martial arts in the Black Temple and ordered a siege in an attempt to wipe it out in one fell swoop. After Liao Guanyin heard the news, he decided to make a diversion. Yang showed weakness and set an ambush. Gao proudly led the troops to the Black Temple and saw the Boxers eating. After being discovered, his face was very "panic" and he left the tableware and fled over the wall. I don't know if it is a plan. Seeing that the number of Boxers is small, I ordered the pursuit from left to right. When I chased Qingjiang Town, I suddenly heard a cry, "Kill!" On Liao Guanyin's leadership of the Boxer Rebellion from two wings. Suddenly, he was surrounded by the Boxer Rebellion. The soldiers were in such a mess that Gao almost fell off his horse. After a fierce battle, the Boxer Rebellion won a great victory, killing Kang Songnian, general manager of Fu, Qing Tongzhi Corps, etc. 19 officials, and Gao fled back to Sanshui Pass alone. The fiasco of the Qing soldiers "filled the huge port with corpses" and the sea turned pale. The Boxer Rebellion also destroyed Sujiashan and Qiduiwa churches.

After Liao Guanyin defeated Gao in the town, he immediately joined various Boxers to outflank Sanshui Pass in three ways, matching Guanghan. Gao ate Liao Guanyin's loss and dared not stay in Sanshui Pass for a long time. He fled back to Guanghan and stayed in the city, afraid to come out. His brother Gao wrote a poem describing Gao's embarrassment when he fled back to Guanghan:

"Sanshui agitation, charger into customs. The red light jumps all over the neighborhood, and the game-writing protocol recognizes thieves for thousands of years. The more poisonous the flame, the more the soldier collapses. Without the death of the group, I have no life. People pity Gao Sima, and they will sing all around. "

When the news reached Chengdu, the provincial capital was shocked, and Kuijun was even more shocked. He immediately transferred Chen Orange to Sanshui Pass and rushed to attack. In addition to ordinary guns, five regiments, composed of local strongmen in Sanshui Pass and business gangs in Eight Halls, prepared several "wax gourd cannons" at this time to help the Qing army stubbornly guard the east and west sides of the pass and burn down the Banqiao in the west to relieve the worry of fire in the backyard. They frantically fired "flowering shells" at the Boxer Rebellion with "winter melon cannons", which blocked the Boxer Rebellion and caused heavy casualties. In order to avoid the unfavorable situation that the Boxer Rebellion was blocked before the Yong ying and then attacked the Qing army, Liao Guanyin and other Boxer leaders decided to withdraw the Boxer Rebellion to Qingjiang Town and station their troops on the brazier mountain to confront the Qing army in the area of Shaoyin Temple on the south bank of Suishui.

Huopen Mountain (also known as Pantongshan) is one kilometer away from Qingjiang Town. On the left is the pheasant, and on the right is Mi Mou. The geographical position is very dangerous. On August 4th, the Qing navy gunboat led by Sichuan company commander Sun Liequan arrived in Shuangjiangdu, and stormed the Huopen Mountain. He walked north along Suishui River and just arrived at Pengjia Courtyard. Before dawn, he entered the ambush circle set by Liao Guanyin and other Boxer leaders. With a wave of Liao Guanyin's triangular red flag, all the Boxers went into battle and the Qing army was surrounded. In hand-to-hand combat, guns lost their advantage. In hand-to-hand combat, the Qing soldiers were killed by boxers. The battle was "from morning till night", the Qing army was "completely annihilated", and Sun Liequan, a second-class official of the Qing Dynasty, was killed. Liao Guanyin asked his men to cut off his head for the heroic comrades who died in the Boxer Rebellion.

The news that Liao Guanyin killed Sun Liequan shocked the civil and military officials in Sichuan, and the governor was on pins and needles. He quickly sent troops to let Chen Orange wash the brazier mountain. Chen orange personally went into battle and led the soldiers to surround the brazier mountain. Gao packed up the beaten army and came from Guanghan to help; Landlord armed forces are also very arrogant, blocking all the passes at the foot of the mountain. The Boxer Rebellion was surrounded by heavy troops of the Qing army, and the situation was very critical.

On August 26, the main force of the Qing army bombarded the Boxer positions with artillery balls, and the ancient temple forest caught fire, and the mountain fire became a prairie fire. The Qing army took advantage of the Boxer Rebellion on the mountain to put out the fire and constantly increased its troops to storm. At this time, Liao Guanyin fought bravely against the enemy in person, and commanded the boxers to fight stubbornly under unfavorable circumstances. Finally, because they were outnumbered, the brazier temple in the camp was also broken by the Qing army. Zhang Xian, one of the leaders of the Boxer Rebellion, died in battle.

Liao Guanyin struggled to organize the Boxer Movement after the fall of the camp. Under her leadership, they broke through the encirclement of the Qing army and broke through smoothly. In order to get rid of the pursuit of the Qing army, they moved north. When they arrived at the Beihe River, it happened that the water was soaring and the road was blocked. Chen Ju led the Qing soldiers to pursue them, which made the Boxer Rebellion into a desperate situation again. At this critical juncture, seeing that the Boxer Rebellion was in danger of being wiped out by the whole army, Liao Guanyin and other Boxer Rebellion leaders decisively organized the Boxer Rebellion to wage a fierce battle with the chasing Qing soldiers, and at the same time immediately crossed the river northward to get rid of the danger. In the fierce battle, the Boxer suffered heavy losses, Xiong Qinghe was captured, and Tang Yulong, one of the leaders of the Jintang Boxer, died in battle, but there were still two or three thousand people swimming across the North River, passing through Zhaojiadu and Sujiawan and heading for Huaikou.

In order to disintegrate the heavy encirclement and suppression strategy of the Qing army, Liao Guanyin and other Boxer leaders decided to temporarily abandon the plan to March to the northwest, break it into parts and disperse their activities. So, they led their teams through the blockade of the Qing army, returned to the local area to deal with the Qing army, and turned into small-scale battles. After Chen Ju won in Jintang, Banshi returned to Chengdu. On the occasion of the official celebration, he wrote a song of victory with great pride: "I unified the army in June, broke the bandits' nest and won." ...................................................................................................................................

Just as Yushi was singing his Song of Victory, a Red Army detachment of Liao Guanyin suddenly appeared like a magic weapon in Chengdu, the provincial capital, scaring these Manchu officials into hiding like ghosts and wolves and running for their lives. /kloc-On the night of September, 2004, this team of about 20 people touched the Qingyang Palace outside the west gate unnoticed. The next morning, in the rain and fog, they climbed the bamboo ladder, crossed the south gate wall, and then went straight to the center of the Governor's Office from South Street. On the way, like nobody's business, a few patrol soldiers were killed or defeated by them. Because the red light army suddenly appeared in front of the defenders in the city, I don't know how many people were killed in the city. These Qing troops are in a mess, and the soldiers are in a state of chaos. As they ran, they shouted, "Liao Guanyin was killed in the city!" For a time, the order in Chengdu was in chaos. When Kuijun learned the news, he was swept off his feet and hurriedly ordered the Guards to close Yuanmen and wait for reinforcements. When the defenders in the city came to their senses and rushed to Zouma Street, the Red Army detachment had tactfully retreated while fighting, and finally successfully withdrew from the south gate.

Liao Guanyin besieged Chengdu for the second time and even killed the generals of the Qing army. Especially this time, the detachment miraculously made a scene in Chengdu, which made Chinese and foreign reactionaries panic. The imperialists rushed to Chengdu with more than 2000 soldiers, wrapped in quilts and carrying cannons, and went into battle to suppress them in the name of reinforcing the Yugoslav capital. Kuijun gnashed his teeth with anger, and "hanging a thousand dollars to reward" must seize Liao Guanyin to solve his hatred. As a result, the Qing army carried out a terrible massacre near Chengdu. For a time, in order to extort money, the Qing army staged a farce of "trapping the people and rewarding them for their merits", which made people nervous and made their chickens and dogs restless.

Wang Ruhai, a Qing Dynasty man, wrote in his notes: "Du arrested four people outside the northern city and accused them of being thieves. When he left, he didn't complain, but he still carried a heavy burden and covered the peasants with a sickle in his waist. " "The lotus pond outside Dongguan has always been a place for prisoners, and 19 people were sentenced overnight."

A pregnant woman outside the East Gate of Chengdu, beautiful, was accused of being killed by the Boxer because she refused to flirt with the Qing soldiers. "There will be no funeral for half a month."

Gao of Hanzhou lied that he had arrested Liao Guanyin, fearing that the Boxer Rebellion would rob the prison, and had been secretly executed in prison. The prefect became suspicious and sent for an autopsy. As a result, a woman with little feet in her thirties was reprimanded as "blind supervision and utilitarian plot".

Chen Dahao, the fifth young master of Chen Orange, is a famous playboy. He is used to doing evil at ordinary times. Now I heard that there was a big reward for catching Liao Guanyin, so I caught a young woman, Zhong Wu, and lied that it was Liao Guanyin, which made Kui Jun happy for a while, but it was soon exposed and became depressed.

These examples are too numerous to mention. For example, Jianyang reported that "Yu Jinlong Temple killed Liao Guanyin" and so on, all of which were the result of the Qing army's greed for utility and indiscriminate killing of innocent people. Although he racked his brains and tried his best, he never got Liao Guanyin. Because of his ineffectiveness in "fighting bandits", he was forced to step down and leave Sichuan for Beijing to take up his idle post-Minister Yuan.

In late September, the Qing government transferred Shanxi Governor Cen Chunxuan to lead the 3rd Battalion of the Jin Army into Sichuan to suppress the Boxer Rebellion, and replaced the former Kui Army as the Governor of Sichuan. He "suppressed" and carried out the strategy of "attacking the heart" to divide and disintegrate the Boxer Rebellion. 1June, 903, Liao Guanyin was betrayed by traitors and taken to Chengdu. On the day of the court session, Liao Guanyin stared at Cen Chunxuan with his head held high and scolded him: "The big slave Cixi and the little slave Cen Laosi are all things that humiliate the country! It's a hero, come and take your girl's head on the battlefield! " , Liao Guanyin awe-inspiring, "kill without forgiveness, scold sir." Cen Chunxuan urgently shouted to the court: "If the reputation of the female thief is shocked for a while, if she is caught but not punished, I am afraid that the people who have not calmed down will become stupid again. If she is afraid that outsiders will make excuses, she should be punished "(Zhu Pi of the Qing Party commemorates).

190365438+1October 15, Liao Guanyin, the young female leader of the Boxer Rebellion, was officially beheaded. At noon, Liao Guanyin was stripped naked and paraded naked (in the Qing Dynasty, prisoners on death row, both men and women, were sentenced to naked punishment according to law, so Qiu Jin only asked not to undress when 1907 died), but he was fearless, heroic and generous, which made the audience cry. On the way to the execution, she still looked at herself freely and swore proudly: "Cixi is a big slave of foreigners, Cen Laosi (Cen Chunxuan) is a small slave, and the red light faction is a heavenly soldier to be wiped out!" After Zouma Street and Du Yuan Street, Liao Cai was taken to Xialianchi execution ground in Jinjiang. Although Liao Guanyin knelt on the ground, she still held her head high and showed no fear. All the onlookers secretly praised it. It was not until the executioner waved his ghost knife that Liao Guanyin's unyielding body slowly fell down because of losing his head. Red blood dyed the execution ground red, and all the onlookers sighed. Liao Guanyin's short and brilliant life came to an end, and he died at the age of seventeen.