On the geomantic omen of Yin Zhai

People in ancient China have long realized that human beings' attachment and adaptation to nature, food, clothing, housing and transportation, sickness and death are closely related to nature, and they must live in harmony. People will have problems if they are divorced from nature. People's feng shui thought is produced in the summary of nature, and "burying in the ground for peace" and "harmony between man and nature" are the embodiment of this thought in funeral. The word "burial" vividly illustrates this concept: burial after death, covered with plants. Nowadays, it can be seen in many cemeteries. After the memorial service, people scattered flowers on the tombstone or planted flowers and trees around it. The ancient traditional custom of "burial" is still continuing.

Contemporary people pay more and more attention to the living environment. Before buying a house, they should choose a place and look around. So what kind of "living environment" should they choose for the deceased? Especially at present, cemeteries are concentrated in the form of cemeteries. How many people can realize their wishes and choose a blessed land with good feng shui for their deceased relatives?

The principle of relying on mountains and rivers

Surrounded by mountains and rivers, green mountains and green waters are a beautiful environment that people generally yearn for, and it is also the basic principle of a good cemetery. Reflected in the theory of geomantic omen, it means that "the owner of a mountain will decide that water dominates wealth", which means that choosing a mountain can make future generations prosper; Choosing water can make money roll in. Stone is the bone of the mountain, water is the blood of the mountain, benevolent people enjoy Leshan, and wise people enjoy water. Water is the source of life, and there is life when there is water in mountains. A mountain without water seems to have no soul, so there is a saying in Feng Shui: If there is no water in the mountain, don't look for land again. Look at the water before you look at the mountain. It can be seen that "the master of mountains and the master of wealth" is the simplest and most incisive summary of investigating the geomantic omen of cemeteries. Some feng shui theories that focus on regulating qi emphasize storing wind and gathering qi. As the saying goes, "the method of geomantic omen is to get water first, then hide the wind" (burial book) thinks that the bigger the water surface, the thicker the gas gathering and the thicker the wealth.

The principle of leaning forward and leaning back, embracing each other left and right.

I'm afraid that people have heard a lot in the cemetery. This is feng shui's summary of the terrain around the cemetery. In fact, it is surrounded by mountains and there is a spacious basin in the middle. The "hole" of Feng Shui theory is in this basin, and all the mountains and rivers are called "sand". This kind of terrain is also reflected in the word "burial" mentioned above, which is the word "Fu" (pronounced as arch) below the word, which means holding hands together and forming a hollow cave in the middle. The ancients thought it was a good burial place, so the word "burial" itself reflected the ancients' view of funeral.

Principles of buckling and winding

In the past, quadrangles and temples all had screen walls facing the gate, and modern people pay more attention to the design of the porch when decorating. Screen walls and porches are designed according to feng shui, not just for beauty. Their function is to avoid and block Sha Qi from colliding head-on. How can a cemetery stop suffocation? The principle of geomantic omen advocates "straightness is blunt" and "bending is smooth". The road should be curved and the scenery should be winding, that is, winding. The winding path leads to a secluded place not only has the practical effect of geomantic omen, but also has a unique artistic effect, such as garden buildings in the south of the Yangtze River.

The principle of opening the hall

In ancient times, when someone became famous, became an official or made a fortune, people often talked about the geomantic omen of this person's ancestral grave, which was called: outstanding people and outstanding people. Feng Shui believes that Tang Ming's opening up is conducive to training talents and developing its career. Therefore, we should "go up the mountain to see the Shuikou" and "go into the cave to see Tang Ming". Tang Ming means that there must be a vast and flat place in front of the tomb. Only when Tang Ming is open and full of vitality can it have a bright future. On the contrary, cemeteries should not be located in narrow and limited valleys.

The principle of returning to nature

In the current urban planning, the cemetery is getting farther and farther away from the city. Why not be closer to the city? It is convenient to pay homage to the grave. Isn't it more humane? Isn't it more modern to be wrapped in the middle of a tall building? Here, the geomantic omen of Yin House is just the opposite of Yang House. City people advocate the integration of people and vehicles, man-machine (computer) integration, work first, efficiency first, while cemetery emphasizes nature first and the harmony between man and nature.

Principle of headwind water supply

The cemetery also pays attention to "upper hand and water". The upwind direction and water supply direction of Beijing are northwest, so the Ming Tombs are located in Changping District, northwest of Beijing. The northwest is determined according to the central axis of Beijing. This central axis starts from the Drum Tower in the north, passes through the Palace Museum and the front door, and ends at Yongdingmen in the south. The center is the Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City.

To sum up, the significance of geomantic omen is to help people choose good or bad luck, which is consistent with the starting point of choosing a cemetery for funeral to let the dead rest in peace and the living feel at ease. As for whether Feng Shui will benefit future generations, that is a matter of different opinions, but it is not wrong to choose an auspicious place. It is said that I.M. Pei, a famous architect, and Bill Gates, a super-rich man, always refer to geomantic factors when choosing architectural design and residence.

Many historical and cultural heritages in China are inseparable from geomantic omen, and Beijing is an out-and-out city of wind and water. Therefore, if you want to understand Feng Shui, you have to come to Beijing, and you have to go to the Palace Museum in Yangzhai and the Ming Tombs in Yinzhai.

To sum up, mountains and rivers have spirits without owners, while bones have masters without spirits. If we bury bones with and without souls in quite good mountains and rivers with and without souls, we can make bones without souls have aura and mountains without souls have owners. This is called "regulating qi" in Feng Shui. Good management of the State of Qi is of great benefit to future generations, and wealth, salary, wealth and longevity can all come out from here.

I ching? As the saying goes, "the ancient burial was paid for by thick clothes, and it was buried in the middle of the field, without sealing or trees." Funerals were very simple in ancient times. With the development of human society, burying the dead has gradually developed into a major event. Many important cultural relics preserved today are the remains of tombs, such as the famous Egyptian pyramids, which were the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs four or five thousand years ago. From China to the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius strongly advocated "filial piety", and the trend of reburial became more and more popular, which lasted for several generations, and gradually formed a set of grand and complicated ritual and funeral systems, as well as various exquisite ones. Therefore, the tomb is considered as the first place to bury ancestors and parents, which can be used as a filial piety in the past and a reference for the future. Therefore, from the emperor to the people, they paid special attention to the placement of graves. As a Feng Shui master who chooses the burial place for people, the Yin House is the first.

Geomantic omen theory holds that the geomantic omen of ancestral graves will affect the fate of future generations; The geomantic omen of a country's king's mausoleum will affect the fate of the whole country. The imperial tombs of past dynasties attached great importance to the choice of mausoleum sites in order to make the imperial power permanent. Imperial tombs are generally located near the capital, such as the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties, all of which take Chang 'an as the capital, so most of the imperial tombs of these five dynasties are concentrated near Chang 'an. Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all took Beijing as their capital, so the tombs of these three generations are all located near Beijing.

The Imperial Mausoleum in the Tang Dynasty is located in the northern part of Guanzhong Basin, in the mountainous areas of Ganxian, Liquan, Jingyang, Sanyuan, Fuping and Pucheng on the north bank of Weishan River, Shaanxi Province, stretching for more than 300 miles from east to west. The characteristic of the Tang Mausoleum is that "the mountain is the mausoleum". Different from the tombs of Qin and Han Dynasties, they were artificially rammed and the tombs were very high. The Tang Mausoleum was the first such tomb. Of the eighteen tombs of the Tang Dynasty, only the Xianling Mausoleum, the Zhuangling Mausoleum and the Duanling Mausoleum are located in the plain, and the rest are built under the peaks, commanding, forming a situation of "standing in the south and standing in the north".

Zhaoling is the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. It is located at the main peak of Jiujun Mountain, 22 kilometers east of Liquan County, Shaanxi Province. Jiujun Mountain is steep, with an altitude of1.888m.. It is separated from Guanzhong Plain in the south and faces Taibai and Zhongnan peaks. The mountains on the east and west sides are undulating and ravines are criss-crossing, which sets off the precipitous majesty of the main peak of Lingshan. In addition to the guards of the surrounding mountains, the back is surrounded by water mirrors, and the front is Wei River, which is beautiful and magnificent.

From the main peak of Zhaoling to the south, there are 167 tombs of heroes and nobles, covering an area of about 300,000 mu. Li Shimin's Gong Xuan is condescending, with tombs lined on both sides, which set off the supreme spirit of Zhaoling.

Ganling is the burial tomb of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, located in Liangshan and northwest of Ganxian. According to New Tang Book? According to the Chronicle of Emperor Gaozong, Li Zhi was buried in Ganling in the first year of Yu Guangzhai (684), Ganling Road was restarted in the second year of Shenlong (706), and Wu Zetian was buried in the tomb. The elevation of Liangshan is 1049 meters, which is conical. There are three peaks at the top of the mountain, with the highest peak in the middle, that is, the Ganling underground palace, which is the main body of the mausoleum, is steeper than Jiujun Mountain. The two peaks in the south are relatively low, facing east and west and similar in shape, just like natural gates and pavilions. There is a mound on it, which looks like a nipple, commonly known as "nipple mountain". There is Leopard Valley in the east and Desert Valley in the west. The whole terrain is like a human body lying on its back with its head facing north and its feet facing south. Ganling is a mausoleum because of mountains, and a tomb because of mountains. Magnificent momentum and scale, the cemetery can be divided into inner city and outer city. The foundation sites of the inner city wall are 1450m, 1450m, 1582m, 1482m respectively, and the city walls are all rammed. There are doors on all sides of the inner city. There are stone carvings in the cemetery. Except for a pair of stone lions at the four gates of the inner city and six stone horses at the north gate (one existing pair), the rest of the stone statues are arranged between the second and third gates in the south ... from south to north, there are a pair of Chinese watches, winged beasts and ostriches, five pairs of stone horses and drivers. There are ten pairs of stone figures, as well as wordless tablets, sacred tablets and sixty-one statues of "Chief Fan", which do not reduce the style of the palace.

The Imperial Mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty, starting from the father Yong 'an Mausoleum and ending at the father Xu Yong Tailing Mausoleum, has eight mausoleums, which are concentrated on the platform on the south bank of Luohe River in Gongxian County, Henan Province. With Zhitian Town as the center, a considerable mausoleum is formed within a distance of only ten kilometers.

Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, is located in Gongxian County, far from the capital Bianjing. The main reason is that the landscape here is beautiful, the soil quality is excellent, and the water level is low, which is suitable for digging graves and burying rich people. There are few rooms in Song Yue in the south and natural hazards in the Yellow River in the north, which can be described as "resting on the Yellow River and stepping on Song Yue" and is regarded by Mr. Feng Shui as an auspicious place where "mountains and high waters grow".

Mausoleum in Song Dynasty is different from other generations in terrain selection. Mausoleums of all previous dynasties were condescending, or surrounded by mountains and waters, while Song Ling was facing Songshan and backed by Luoshui. The terrain of each mausoleum is high in the south and low in the north, and the mausoleum platform is located at the lowest place. It turns out that the geomantic technique of "five-tone surname Li" prevailed in Song Dynasty, which was related to house painting in Han Dynasty. This feng shui technique divides surnames into five tones according to the five elements, and then chooses auspicious positions according to the sounds. The surname of the Emperor in Song Dynasty is Zhao, which belongs to the "horn" sound, which is beneficial to the positioning of benevolence and soldiers. It must be "southeast dome, northwest depression" Therefore, the terrain of tombs in the Song Dynasty is high in the southeast and low in the northwest.

After the Ming Dynasty, geomantic omen paid special attention to the shape of mountains and rivers, so it paid special attention to the geomantic omen of tombs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. With the cooperation of buildings, the site selection and planning of tombs reached a high artistic level.

The Ming Tombs, located in Beishili, Changping County, the western suburb of Beijing, began to build the Changling Mausoleum in 1409, and the Ming Dynasty perished in 1644. The construction of the Ming Tombs lasted for more than 200 years without interruption. Judy, the prince of Yan, plans to move to Beijing after she became king in Nanjing. In the fifth year of Yongle (1407), after the death of the queen Xu, Judy did not build a mausoleum in Nanjing, but sent Zhao Jiang, a minister of rites, and Liao, a famous geomantic gentleman in Jiangxi, to Beijing to look for auspicious land.

Judy's men ran for two years before they found several places to choose from. It is said that Tujia camp was originally chosen outside the mouth, but because the emperor surnamed Zhu, "Zhu" and "pig" are homophonic, pigs must be slaughtered if they want to enter Tujia camp, and they cannot be used. Another location is at the foot of Yangshan Mountain in the southwest of Changping, because there is a village called "Wolf Mouth Valley" behind it, and the wolf next to the pig is dangerous and can't be used. I have also chosen "Yanjiatai" in Jingxi, but "Yan Jia" and "Yan Jia" are homophonic and unlucky. Although the scenery of Tanzhe Temple in the west of Beijing is good, the mountains are deep and narrow, leaving no room for future generations to develop, and it has never been elected. In the seventh year of Yongle, the Jinling District selected by Jiangxi Feng Shui master Liao and others was finally selected.

Qing Dongling is located near Malanguan, zunhua city, at the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain in JD.COM. It borders Changrui Mountain in the north, Jinxing Mountain in the south, Yu Nian in the east and Huanghua Mountain in the west. There are 14 tombs, and 150 people are buried.

Regarding the site selection of Dongling, there is a story that the emperor shunzhi personally planned the site selection. Since the emperor shunzhi entered the capital, his mother sourdrang dowager and his uncle Dourgen have sent people to choose the mausoleum. Two groups of Tian Jian ministers and Feng Shui masters of Qin Dynasty have been there, and they all took a fancy to this treasure. After returning to Beijing to report to the Emperor, the emperor shunzhi was very happy and said that he would go to see it himself. Soon after, the emperor shunzhi was surrounded by many Eight Banners guards and athletes. They rode all the way to the Yanshan Mountains in JD.COM and climbed to the top of Fengtai Mountain. The emperor shunzhi climbed to the top of the mountain and looked south, like a blanket, with a panoramic view. Looking to the north, the mountains are tidal and green. The sun is wide and the purple fog is misty. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the scenery is natural. The emperor shunzhi looked forward and backward, glance left and right, and gave a heartfelt admiration. With his back to the horse, he chose a sunny place in Fengtai Ridge, prayed to the sky very devoutly, then measured a terrain suitable for geomantic omen and said to the courtiers around him, "This mountain is lush with vegetation and kings, which can make me live forever." As he spoke, he took off his white jade finger and lifted it down the hillside, saying, "The landing site is designated as a cave." So the ministers piled a pile where their fingers stopped to take notes. Later, the first mausoleum of the Qing Dongling was really built here, which is the Xiaoling Mausoleum in the emperor shunzhi.

Xiaoling is backed by the main peak of Changrui Mountain, and the left and right wings are natural sand hills. The whole mountain is high in the north and low in the south, with clear rhythm and magnificent momentum. In order to prevent the tombs from being destroyed by flash floods in flood season, not only piles were piled under the buildings for reinforcement, but also a complete drainage system was built. On the ground, using the naturally inclined terrain, an open drainage ditch is set up, so that rainwater can be discharged smoothly. The water in the mausoleum passes through the open ditch culvert, all of which are collected under the Shenliao Bridge outside Long 'enmen, and then discharged from the waterways on both sides. It can be seen that the geomantic omen of Xiaoling reflects the scientific site selection and architectural skills of ancient people in China to some extent.

In addition to its ecological and practical functions, ancient geomantic site selection is an art, which attaches great importance to the organization of environmental landscape. In ancient times, the concept of animism led to the worship of mountains and rivers, and gradually developed into a national ceremony to worship mountains and rivers, the sun, the moon and mountains. People admire and love nature. The philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" guides people to imitate nature with human spirit, ethics and social order, and places their life ideals on it. Therefore, in the concept of Feng Shui, there is often an idea of pursuing beautiful and pleasing nature and thinking about the environment.