Cao Men's Fortune _ What is Cao Men?

The characters in Lao She's teahouse are all classified according to class status, and they will be handed in tomorrow. Thank you for your haste. Ok, I'll try my best to get extra points.

Name of social place

Teahouse is also called teahouse, teahouse, teahouse, teahouse, teahouse, etc. They are places where guests drink tea for business purposes. The earliest teahouse appeared in the form of tea stalls in the Eastern Jin and Yuan Dynasties (AD 3 17-322). In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were teahouses for drinking tea and staying. In the Tang Dynasty, business contacts were developed. In order to meet the needs of economic activities, tea shops appeared in large and medium-sized cities from Chang 'an and Luoyang to Sichuan, Shandong and Hebei. Teahouses are the product of the development of commercial economic activities. From the development stage, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the initial stage of the primitive teahouse, the Northeast period formed the primary teahouse, and the Tang Dynasty was the formal formation period of the teahouse. During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Wang Dynasties, teahouses became increasingly developed, and had a wide foothold in large, medium and small cities and even towns, becoming an important part of China's social life and a major landscape.

Teahouse is a paradise for tea lovers and a place for people to rest, entertain and communicate. It has a long history. As early as the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, there were shops selling fried tea in villages and towns, which was the primary form of "teahouse".

Teahouses in China have a long history. According to records, there were teahouses in the Jin Dynasty. Since ancient times, there have been many names of tea tasting places, and the names of teahouses are more common in the Yangtze River basin. Guangdong and Guangxi are often called teahouses; Beijing and Tianjin are often called tea kiosks. In addition, there are tea houses, tea houses, tea houses, tea houses, tea houses and so on.

Teahouses and tea stalls are dedicated to drinking tea. However, compared with tea stalls, teahouses have different scales of operation and different ways of drinking tea. Teahouses have fixed places where people can drink tea and have a rest. Tea stalls have no fixed place, but are seasonal and mobile, mainly to provide convenience for passers-by to quench their thirst.

Classification of teahouses today

(1) An old teahouse with a long history and preserved ancient features;

(2) The new teahouse was built in 1960s, surrounded by modern buildings, rockeries, fountains, flowers, calligraphy and painting, melon seeds, sweets and so on.

(3) Open-air teahouse, chess teahouse, music teahouse, etc.

Ethnicity

(A) the bud of the teahouse

The earliest prototype of teahouse is tea stall. The earliest tea stall in China appeared in the Jin Dynasty. According to the biography of the old man in Guangling, "There was an old man in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties who went to the city to bid for a cup of tea alone every day." In other words, tea was already bought and sold as a commodity in the market at that time. However, this is still a mobile vendor and cannot be called a "teahouse". At this time, the function of the tea stall is only to quench thirst.

(B) the rise of teahouses

During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the prototype of teahouse appeared. At the end of Tianbao in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi expressed in Volume VI of Drinking Tea: "At the beginning of Kaiyuan, there was a demon-declining teacher at Lingyan Temple in Taishan, and the Dharma was promoted vigorously. If you study Zen, you are allowed to drink tea because you don't sleep and eat at night. People hold their arms and cook and drink everywhere. Since then, they have followed suit and become a custom. From Zou, Qi, Cang, Di, and gradually to Jingyi City, more shops were opened and fried tea was sold. Mo Wen is vulgar, throwing money to drink. " This kind of "shop" that "cooks and sells tea" in towns, markets and roadsides is the embryonic form of teahouse.

According to Biography of Wang Ya of the Old Tang Dynasty, "In the ninth year of Taihe, Yaya and others stepped out in panic and went to Yongchangli Tea Shop, where they were captured by the forbidden soldiers". At this time, Taihe had a formal teahouse, Tang Wenzong.

In the middle Tang Dynasty, the country's political stability and unprecedented social and economic prosperity, coupled with the advent of Lu Yu's Tea Classic, made "everyone knows how to drink tea", so teahouses spread rapidly not only in the Jiangnan area where tea was produced, but also to northern cities. At this time, in addition to quenching thirst, the teahouse also has the function of giving people a rest and eating.

(C) the prosperity of the teahouse

In the Song Dynasty, it entered the prosperous period of China Teahouse. Zhang Zeduan's famous painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" vividly depicts the prosperous market scene at that time, and reproduces the situation where thousands of merchants gathered and all trades flourished, including teahouses. The records in Meng's Record of Hua Meng in Tokyo made people feel the prosperity of tea shops at that time. "East Cross Street is called the corner, the teahouse turns on the light at five o'clock, Boyi buys and sells clothes, paintings, garlands, etc., and it is scattered at night, called ghost town ... belonging to Caomen Street, Beishan is in the teahouse, with fairy caves and fairy bridges. Ladies often go there for tea at night. " It is worth mentioning that in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was located in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River, with its capital in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou). The luxurious, enjoyable and comfortable life of the ruling class has made the teahouse industry in Hangzhou, a tea-producing area, more prosperous. At that time, Hangzhou was not only "full of teahouses", but also "today's tea shops, carved stalls, settled on them, decorated storefronts and knocked lanterns." "the capital is extremely prosperous" records that "the big tea house is decorated with famous paintings and calligraphy ... many children of the governors gather here to learn musical instruments or sing, which is called listing."

In the Song Dynasty, teahouses had many special functions, such as drinking tea and chatting, tasting snacks, talking about business, doing business, performing various performing arts activities, industry gatherings and so on.

The popularity of teahouses

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, tea tasting became more popular. With the further development of social economy, the social class of citizens is expanding, and the prosperity of the people has aroused the demand of citizens for all kinds of entertainment life. As a multifunctional public activity place integrating leisure, food, entertainment and trading, teahouse has become people's first choice. Therefore, the teahouse industry has been greatly developed, with more and more diverse forms and richer functions.

The decline of teahouses

Modern China experienced war, poverty and some extraordinary times, and the teahouse once declined.

(6) the revival of teahouses

In the past two or three decades, the rapid development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards have directly led to people's pursuit of spiritual life. As a form of cultural life, teahouse has quietly returned, and it has become one of the important choices for people's leisure life.

principal derivative

Book tea house

A book teahouse is a teahouse with a bookstore. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, short storytelling teahouses appeared in Beijing. This teahouse sells green tea in the morning, and invites artists to tell storytelling on the spot in the afternoon and evening. The jargon is "daytime" and "lighting late". Tea drinkers enjoy reading at the same time. Lele Tao Tao.

Teahouses in old Beijing are all over Beijing, and all kinds of teahouses have different shapes and functions. Here, from the perspective of cultural and social functions, several kinds are emphatically introduced. There are many book teahouses in Beijing. Drinking tea is only the medium, and listening to storytelling is the main content. Book teahouse directly connects tea with literature, gives people historical knowledge and achieves the purpose of leisure and entertainment, which is suitable for all ages.

Music salon

Music teahouse is a cultural place integrating tea tasting and entertainment, which has precedent in the Tang Dynasty. However, its official appearance began in the twentieth century. Especially since the 1980s, with the reform and opening up and the continuous strengthening of cultural exchanges at home and abroad, music teahouses have appeared in some large and medium-sized cities.

Music teahouses are generally chosen in elegant places with soft and colorful lights, with tea tasting and literary appreciation as the content. Music teahouse has various forms and rich contents. People can amuse themselves by drinking tea, or get together with some friends and dance to the accompaniment of music. You can also enjoy the cool while sipping and have various exchanges.

Other relevant information

Gaiwancha and Sichuan Tea House

Sichuan is the hometown of tea. There are many kinds of tea, drinking tea is very popular and there are many teahouses.

Sichuan people are popular with self-pouring and self-drinking tea. Gaiwancha not only uses top-grade tea such as jasmine tea and Longjing tea, but also Gaiwancha and copper pot. For example, the tea lid used to cover the bowl, first, cover the lid after the tea leaves are soaked, so that the tea fragrance can be quickly brewed; Second, it can be used to cut off the floating foam on the tea bowl; Third, it can be used for herbal tea (that is, the tea cover is inverted and the tea juice is poured in), which is convenient for drinking quickly to quench thirst, and there is also a "tea boat" for holding and serving tea. In this way, the tea bowl, tea cover and tea boat tray are trinity, which is both practical and beautiful. In addition, the pot for boiling water is a copper pot. Boiled water tastes sweet and keeps warm.

There are many teahouses in Sichuan, each with its own characteristics. You can sit in the teahouse in the morning and close at night, and you can make tea without increasing the charge. Tea is only collected once a day. As a result, the teahouse is very busy all day long, and it has become a place for people to rest, entertain, transmit information and trade. Everyone's activities are carried out in the heat and fragrance of tea.

Juhua tea house

The drama Teahouse was completed by Lao She in 1956 and first arranged by Beijing People's Art Theatre in 1958. This drama takes the teahouse as the epitome of society. Through the changes of the world for half a century, more than 70 characters have interpreted the life of people from all walks of life.

Author Lao She

Beijing People's Art Theatre

abstract

In the era when the Qing Dynasty was about to perish, Yutai Teahouse in Beijing was still a scene of "prosperity": caged birds, fortune-telling, selling antiques and jade articles, and playing cricket.

Wang Lifa, a smart young shopkeeper, is taken care of by all parties. However, behind this "prosperity" lies the suffocating decline of the whole society: foreign goods flooded the market, the countryside went bankrupt, eunuchs married, and patriots were arrested.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the people suffered from years of civil war. All the big teahouses in Beijing are closed. Only Wang Zhanggui has improved its management, turned the backyard of the teahouse into an apartment rented to college students, and put a phonograph in the main hall. Nevertheless, social unrest spread to the teahouse: refugees blocked the door, soldiers robbed the shopkeeper of money, and detectives came to extort money from time to time.

Thirty years later, Wang Zhanggui is still desperately supporting the teahouse. Japan surrendered, but the Kuomintang and American imperialism plunged the people into the disaster of civil war. Jeeps went on the rampage, patriots were suppressed, and rogue agents wanted to occupy the teahouse that Wang Zhanggui had painstakingly managed all his life. Wang Lifa is desperate. At this time, two friends who made friends 50 years ago happened to come. One is Mr. Chang, who was arrested by the Qing court, and the other is Mr. Qin, who completely collapsed in business for half his life. The three old people scattered the paper money they found all over the floor, crying and laughing sadly. In the end, Wang Lifa was left alone. He picked up his belt, went into the inner room, looked up at the roof, and looked for a place where he could safely end his life.

Interpretation of main characters

People's spiritual crisis is a part of the cultural crisis of the times. Teahouse describes the spiritual crisis of people in the old society with the help of three key figures-Wang Lifa and Qin Hechang.

Wang Lifa, the shopkeeper of Yutai Teahouse, runs through the whole play. My father died early, and he was able to cope with life independently in his twenties. He knows that "it's the most important thing to make a living in the street", so according to the old method left by the older generation, he thinks that "if you say more good things and pay more attention to make people like you, there will be no problems". Every day, he smiles at the blackmail and harassment from bureaucrats, foreign forces, bullies, local ruffians, secret agents and police. He is not bad-hearted, just because his position is higher than that of the extremely poor, so he has long turned a blind eye to human suffering. He is a dutiful businessman, hoping for social stability and better business, but society is always entangled with him. He didn't dare to compete with the society, but bowed to the people and often advised tea drinkers not to talk about state affairs. The world is at war, and all the other big teahouses in the city are bankrupt. He is still struggling. From time to time, he comes up with some tricks to resist the trend of street business returning to the word. In his later years, he watched the teahouse not go down. He is not ashamed, and plans to add another waitress. However, the claws of society are getting tighter and tighter around his neck. The "Huang San Road" founded by the Kuomintang party stick wanted to smash his teahouse, and spies also threatened him to hand over the gold bars that he couldn't get out. Rogues opened new brothels, and the authorities encouraged him to occupy his pavement ... Wang Lifa was at a loss and had reached the end of his life. He realized that decades of caution and efforts were in vain. I did everything I could, just to survive! Yes, if I should bribe, I will hand over my luggage. I have never done anything evil ... those dogs and people are alive and well, but I can't eat corn bread. Whose idea was this? "Wang Lifa's psychological crisis is very representative. Cheated people-harmless, resigned, not demanding too much, was the most common mentality of ordinary citizens at that time. Wang Lifa, a small businessman with a slightly higher status than ordinary people, tried to live a well-off life but failed. In the end, the poor citizens living in that world are even more desperate. Wang Lifa walked to the last stop of his life and shouted a few words, which were also the consistent confusion and resentment that haunted the hearts of the little people at the bottom of society.

Qin is a national capitalist. 1 When the bill appeared, he was only in his twenties. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, the national situation declined. With the heart of serving the country, he sold his ancestral business to set up a factory and wanted to save the country by industry. It took him 40 years to start a big enterprise, and he felt that this was enough to "enrich the country and enrich the people". He was wrong. His property was confiscated by the government just after the end of the Anti-Japanese War. Instead of setting up a suitable factory, the authorities sold the machines as scrap metal. Seeing the ruins of the factory, Mr. Qin was saddened and resentful: "The whole world, the whole world can't find such a government?" His life conclusion is even worse than Wang Lifa's: "... you should advise everyone that if you have money, you should eat, drink, gamble and run amok instead of doing good deeds! "Qin has greater viability than Wang Lifa, and he is determined to change the reality of China. However, his life has not escaped the shackles of the world. The semi-feudal and semi-colonial system and the national economic situation jointly controlled by imperialism, feudal oligarchy and bureaucratic comprador have left him no room for exertion. And he thinks highly of himself and won't communicate with the public. It is inevitable that he was defeated in the dark all his life.

Fourth Master Chang is the least ridiculed and criticized image in the drama Teahouse, which has a considerable relationship with his specific identity and experience-a self-reliant who came out of the banner of old Beijing. Lao She, a Manchu writer, created many characters with Manchu personality characteristics in his life. However, it was not until the end of the year that he clearly and confidently wrote a decent, simple, honest and diligent Manchu for the first time! The main purpose of the author's writing about Master Chang is to write that there are indeed a group of patriots who are loyal to the liver, righteous and courageous in the lower classes of the flag bearer; There are also some valuable things in writing Manchu cultural spirit; And to reflect that Manchu people who came from the late Qing Dynasty were not all "losers" who were doing nothing. Master Chang's body embodies the patriotic feelings that most of the Eight Banners soldiers still adhered to until the end of the Qing Dynasty. When he was still eating money and sitting in a teahouse in the late Qing Dynasty, he looked down on Master Ma who ate foreign religions, and he looked down on "how many foreign things a person has" who worships foreign things and flatters foreign countries. When he saw that the snuff bottle was also imported from abroad, he was distressed by "how much money has to flow out!" In particular, he felt the tragic situation of the country and people and blurted out: "I see, the Great Qing Dynasty is going to be finished!" The detective of the authorities wanted to arrest him for saying this. He told the truth: "I love Daqing, and I'm afraid it's over!" " Still useless, I was arrested and spent more than a year in prison. After he got out of prison, he caught up with the Boxer Movement. In order to defend national rights, he fought several wars with foreigners with knives and guns. Later, Qing finally died, and he was not surprised. He realized that this was the punishment of history: "Damn it! I am a flag bearer, but I have to be fair! " He maintained the loyal and stubborn temper of Manchu people all his life, and did not bow to the wicked or to fate. When he rejected Manchu people everywhere in the early years of the Republic of China, as Mr. Song said, "Who wants to stare at starvation?" However, who wants us to be standard-bearers? "Even if you sell vegetables with a basket, or sell peanuts with a basket, you can still live straight. So, can a tough guy like Master Chang have a better fate? No, he can't escape the tragedy of life. After he is over seventy, he is still as poor as a church mouse. Only then did he understand: "I love our country, but who loves me?" "He had a hunch that if he continued like this, he would" starve to death or be killed "and he" could not shed tears even if he had them ". Fourth Master Chang, a China native who hopes to strive for a better future for his country and individuals, his tragedy does not come from timidity and laziness, but from his outdated concept, which belongs to the traditional outlook on life in the old days of Manchu, so that he always thinks that with an upright and indomitable spirit, he can find a way out in the overwhelming social darkness. Such a naive wish cannot be realized at all, and an evil society will always open its jaws and mercilessly devour the poor. Master Chang's failure is not only a question of social responsibility, but also because his philosophy of life is out of date. At this point, he and Wang Lifa, Qin and others finally fell into the same fate.

Commemorative Drama Teahouse —— Laoshe Teahouse

Laoshe Teahouse is named after the people's artist Mr. Laoshe and his famous plays. Founded in 1988, the existing business area is more than 2,600 square meters. It is a multi-functional comprehensive teahouse integrating a book teahouse, a catering teahouse and a teahouse. In this antique and Beijing-flavored environment, you can enjoy a wonderful national art performance such as Beijing Opera, Quyi, acrobatics, magic and face changing every day, as well as various famous teas, court delicacies, traditional Beijing snacks and Beijing-flavored delicacies. Since its opening, Laoshe Teahouse has received nearly 47 foreign heads of state, many celebrities and more than 2 million Chinese and foreign tourists, and has become a characteristic "window" to display national cultural products and a "bridge" to connect domestic and foreign friendship.

Qianmen Sihe Tea Edge is another brand-new handwriting of Laoshe Teahouse to promote Beijing flavor culture and tea culture. It takes the quadrangle, an ancient and classic Beijing traditional building, as its modeling, takes the profound tea art as its charm, and combines the elegant charm of Beijing to create the teahouse of your dreams. Here, there is only leisure and tranquility, only relaxation and freedom, listening to melodious guzheng, watching exquisite tea performances, tasting mellow tea and enjoying the half-day leisure stolen from tea.