The story of five scientists ... the simpler the better. ....

At the invitation of famous mathematician Chen, the famous mathematician Su returned to China on March 193 1 and was employed by National Zhejiang University. He has served as an associate professor, professor, dean, provost and provost of the Department of Mathematics. Until June 1952, due to the adjustment of colleges and universities all over the country, he was a little reluctant to become a professor. He was the head of the Department of Mathematics at Fudan University in Shanghai, and later served as provost, vice president and principal. He has served many times as a member of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the National People's Congress, a vice-chairman of the 7th and 8th China People's Political Consultative Conference, and a vice-chairman of the NLD Central Committee.

Looking back on Su's life in the past century, it is also rugged and muddy, with many stories. Here are a few to comfort readers.

Story 1

September 23rd 1902 was an ordinary day, but it was a rare day for Su Zushan's family who fled from Tongan, Fujian to Daixi Village, Pingyang, Zhejiang. God knows, and God bless the people. Su Zushan's family added a ding, and the couple laughed from ear to ear, and finally had a "successor" who had been farming for generations. However, Su Zushan and his wife have never been to school, and they have had enough suffering from illiteracy. They are eager for success, so they choose "Qing Bu" as their son's name. The fortune teller also said some nice words, saying that in the name of "Qing Bu", he would be able to "climb high and look far, and worship his ancestors" in the future.

After all, a name is not a ladder of fame and fortune. Just as his peers were carrying schoolbags to school, Su Zushan gave his son a bullwhip. From then on, Sue wore a big bamboo hat made by her father and coarse cloth sewn by her mother. He rode barefoot on the back of the cow and came to the foot of Woniu Mountain with a wave of his whip. Sue's family is a big buffalo, fat and strong, and never takes the short cowherd seriously. Once, when the buffalo got angry, it ran and jumped, throwing Sue into a newly cut bamboo garden. Blessed by God, he fell into several bamboo roots and survived.

When herding cattle home, Sue walked through the gate of the village private school and was often attracted by the sound of books. Once, the teacher was reading aloud: "Sue, at the age of 27, began to read books on fire." After listening, he read it several times. From then on, he remembered the jingle and sang in the mountains when herding cattle.

Su Zushan often listens to his son recite three-character classics and hundreds of surnames, which is puzzling. Once, I happened to see my son "eavesdropping" at the gate of a private school. Father's heart finally moved. As soon as the couple got together, they decided to tighten their belts and send Sue to a private school.

Story 2

At the age of 9, Su's father took a cart of rice as tuition, walked 50 kilometers of mountain roads and sent Su to Pingyang County, where he became a high school placement student. From the mountainous area to the county seat, Sue is really an eye-opener, and everything is novel. When he first saw the minced meat in the steamed bread, he often changed his meal ticket into money to buy "meat steamed bread" to eat. A month's meal ticket has been used up long ago, so I have to go hungry. When he saw the water boiling in the tiger's stove, he felt very interesting. He threw the eggs he brought from home into the pot, and a pot of boiling water turned into a pot of egg drop soup. When the boiler saw it, it grabbed him and hit him.

Sue plays all day. He often comes out top in exams. At the end of the final exam, he came last in the class. However, his composition is not bad. "Eavesdropping" in the private school stimulated his interest in learning Chinese and laid a little foundation for his composition. However, the more Chinese teachers read it, the less they believe it. They always thought that Sue's composition was plagiarized. Therefore, he was awarded a low score. In this way, his stubbornness was even more aroused. The more the teacher says that he is not good, the less he studies hard. For three consecutive semesters, he was the last one. Both classmates and teachers say that he is a "fool".

Once, the geography teacher Chen Yufeng called Su to the office and told him a short story: "When Newton 12 years old, he transferred from a rural primary school to a city to study, and his grades were not good, so his classmates looked down on him. Once, a classmate bullied him rudely and kicked him in the stomach. He rolled in pain. That classmate is better than him in health and homework, and Newton is afraid of him at ordinary times. But at this moment, he couldn't bear it, jumped up and fought back, forcing the classmate into a corner and pressing it against the wall. This classmate saw that Newton was furious and had to give in. There are only so many reasons for Newton to learn from this incident: as long as he makes up his mind, he can subdue it. He worked hard and soon became the first in his class, and later became a great scientist. "

Sue is very grateful to Mr. Chen for not criticizing him and telling him stories. Seeing his drooping head, Teacher Chen touched his head and said, "I think you are a clever boy. If you are willing to work hard, you will definitely get the first place in the exam. " He added, "Your parents have worked hard and saved money. I hope you can read this book well. As you are now, what will you repay them in the future? " Sue couldn't hold back her shock any longer. Tears rolled down his chest like broken pearls, and he felt that he had done something wrong for the first time. Since then, he has completely become a sensible child, stopped playing, studied hard and won the first place in the final exam.

Story 3

A math class in Zhejiang 10 Middle School in Wenzhou led Su to the road to the kingdom of mathematics. Teacher Yang, who returned to Wenzhou from studying in Japan, took a math class with a real feeling of worrying about the country and the people: "In today's world, the law of the jungle prevails. The world powers built cannons by ships, carved up China's beans and wolfed them down. The danger of national subjugation and extinction of the Chinese nation is imminent. In order to save the nation and survive, we must revitalize science. Mathematics is the pioneer of science. In order to develop science, we must learn math well. " Teacher Yang's words touched Sue's heart. Since then, his interest has shifted from literature to mathematics. Once, Sue proved a geometric theorem in 20 different ways. When the headmaster first learned, he called Sue to the office, patted him on the shoulder and said, "Study hard and send you abroad to study in the future." When he graduated from Suzhou University, President Hong had been transferred to the Ministry of Education in Beijing, but he still cared about Su's study and sent 200 yuan money to help Su study abroad.

19 19, 17-year-old Sue bought a boat ticket to Japan, and the rest 170 yuan could hardly support him for three months. He can only eat two meals a day and has no money to hire a Japanese teacher, so he has to learn from the landlord. Finally, he answered the examiner's questions in fluent Japanese, and entered the famous school-tokyo institute of technology Electrical Engineering Department with the first place. 1924 was admitted to the Department of Mathematics of Imperial University in Tohoku, Japan with the first place, and studied under the famous geometer Professor Tadashian. 1927 after graduating from college, he sold newspapers, delivered milk, proofreaded magazines and taught family after school, and paid tuition with the money he earned, so he was promoted to the graduate school of our school without an exam. With a strong will, he studied hard and published 4 1 research papers on affine differential geometry and projective differential geometry, which opened up a new field of differential geometry research and was called "a brilliant mathematical star rising from the East" by the mathematical community. 193 1 in March, 2008, he obtained the doctor of science degree with excellent results, becoming the second foreigner to receive this degree after Chen. Since then, invitations from home and abroad have flown in like snowflakes, and Sue refused them one by one. Because two years ago, when Chen got his doctor of science degree, he sent Su to Zhejiang University, where the conditions were very poor. Sue said, "Go home first, and I'll come back after graduation. Let's make the Department of Mathematics of Zhejiang University a world-class department in 20 years ... "This may be the reason why Su did not want to leave Zhejiang University when the departments of colleges and universities in China were adjusted.

Since taking office, Sue has made brilliant achievements in scientific research and teaching. In addition to the quartic (cubic) algebraic cone discovered by graduate students, it was praised as "Su cone" by academic circles. Later, it made recognized achievements in projective curve theory, projective surface theory, high-dimensional projective space conjugate network theory, general spatial differential geometry, computational geometry and so on. He also proved that the closed Laplace sequence and structure (T4) are called "Su (Qing Bu) chain" by the world academic circles. Therefore, the famous German mathematician Brasuke called Su "the first geometer in the East", and mathematicians in Europe, America and Japan called him and his colleagues "Zhejiang University School". Indeed, during the period from 193 1 to 1952, Jiangsu trained nearly 100 students, of whom 25 served as deans and vice-deans in more than 10 famous universities nationwide, and 5 were elected academicians of China Academy of Sciences, including 3 academicians trained after liberation. In Fudan Institute of Mathematics, there are Gu Chaohao and Hu He in Suzhou, which is a rare gratifying phenomenon that three generations and four academicians work together.

Story 4

After the July 7th Incident, Zhejiang University was forced to move westward. At the head of this national disaster, Su received an urgent telegram: Mr. Matsumoto, his father-in-law, was critically ill and asked the Su couple to go to Sendai for the last time. Sue handed the telegram to her wife and said ... you go, I want to stay in my own country. Sue's wife Su Songben said, "I'll follow you." However, because his wife just gave birth to a baby and couldn't live with him, Sue sent her to Pingyang for refuge in the countryside. It was not until the summer vacation of 1940 that President Zhu Kezhen approved the special passage fee for his wife and daughter to Meitan.

During the days in Meitan, the life of teachers and students was extremely difficult, and it was difficult for university professors to make a living by salary. Sue bought a hoe, and every day when she came home from work or had a rest day, she opened up wasteland to grow vegetables. Once, the restaurant in Meitan Hotel was not available, so he had to buy several baskets of cauliflower from Su's vegetable field. Another night, President Zhu came to the ruined temple where he lived and saw Su carrying water to grow vegetables, while Su Songben was cooking with his son on his back. Careful President Zhu saw that the pot was full of radishes and dried sweet potatoes, so he asked Sue. Sue explained: "My family has many children, and my salary is not enough to buy rice. Dried sweet potatoes have been dipped in salt for several months. " Zhu Kezhen was amazed. So, he chartered Sue's two middle school sons to make an exception and eat and live at home in middle school (because Sue's family couldn't come up with bedding).

The difficulties in life go from bad to worse. One of Sue's youngest sons died soon after his birth due to malnutrition. Su Qing Bu buried him in Meitan Mountain and engraved the words "Su Ying's Tomb" on the small stone tablet. However, the difficulties in life can't scare people with will and perseverance, and the teaching and scientific research of Zhejiang University is still proceeding in an orderly way. Sue also stepped onto the podium with difficulties. When he turns to draw geometric figures on the blackboard, the students will talk about the "triangle, trapezoid ..." patches on Teacher Su's clothes and the "spiral curve" on his ass! In the evening, Su put the tung oil lamp on the incense table of the ruined temple to write a textbook, and finally finished the book Introduction to Projective Curves with her perseverance. 1in the summer of 994, the author was lucky enough to see the small temple where Su lived during his migration in Qingyan, and a feeling of reverence came to mind and was unforgettable.

Story 5

197265438+On February 7th, Zhang Su, a famous mathematician and a student of Soviet Union, became the second issue of Mathematics Magazine and visited mathematicians all over the world. He should visit Mr. Su in Shanghai. Unexpectedly, in the book Introduction to Projective Geometry (English version) presented by Teacher Su, he wrote a poem on the title page:

Thirty years ago in Guizhou,

I'm worried about singularity,

Now I am old enough to go to Shenjiang Day.

It's nice to see old friends fighting for the upper reaches.

This not only breaks the stereotype of ordinary people's inscriptions, but also tells the whole picture of teachers' and students' feelings, which shows that Su Lao's poetic skills are superb and his writing is profound.

Many people know that Sue is a master of mathematics, but they don't know that he is also a master of literature, a writer and a poet. He loved ancient poetry since he was a child, and learned to write poetry at the age of 13. When I was a child, I used to ride on the back of an ox and read Poems of a Thousand Families. For decades, he has been accompanied by poetry and walked with poetry books. Every time he goes on a business trip, he always puts one or two poems in his bag, such as Selected Poems of Du Fu. Sue not only reads poems, but also is interested in writing them. He has been writing for decades and has written nearly a thousand poems. At the age of 96, Su's amateur poems were published by Beijing Publishing House, which included 444 modern poems with 60 words in handwritten and photocopied versions of Su's poems, including 193 1 ~ 1949 early works 19 1 47 words. From this, we can appreciate the light reflected by Su Lao's academic career and poetry and calligraphy skills in the past 60 years, which is full of the breath of the times and gives people a lot of inspiration.

Looking back at the time when Zhejiang University moved to Meitan, he and Qian Baoyu, a master of mathematics, founded Meitan Printing Society. Under extremely difficult circumstances, he published the first Poem Collection of Meitan Press at his own expense, which included about 65,438+000 poems of various schools. In the days of national disaster, poets often drink tea and recite poems, or talk about the road, or comment on the current situation, and their feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness are often revealed in their works.

1944, Sue wrote a poem entitled "You Ting":

Climb the path with a single coat, and lean on a stick to pass the light.

Road protection tree, Linjiang Qiqi Pavilion.

Guests are always traveling far away, and their hometown is green.

Looking north without tears, blood shed in the Central Plains.

This is Su Bu's expression of affection for things, nostalgia for the fall of his hometown and the broken mountains and rivers of the motherland, and praise for the people's rise to the war of resistance. Patriotism and concern for the world welled up from his heart.

Su's poetic skills are superb and breathtaking. His poems are lofty in artistic conception, fresh in style and full of allusions and philosophies.

Reading many of Su's poems not only makes people feel that Su Lao often instills the importance of the "pyramid" foundation for later learning, but also makes people feel that the arts and sciences are interlinked. For decades, he skillfully used what he called "odd odds and ends" (odd odds and ends of time) to study and study. Aren't these immortal poems the fragmentary evidence that Sue made full use of time?

Yang Zhenning

Yang Zhenning, born in Hefei, Anhui Province, 1922, was born on August 22nd. 1928 studied in Xiamen primary school, 1933 studied in Beiping Chongde Middle School, 1938 transferred to Kunming Kunwan Middle School, 1942 graduated from National Southwest Associated University, 1944 graduated from National Southwest Associated University, 1945 went to the United States after teaching in the middle school affiliated to National Southwest Associated University, 1948 completed his doctorate at the University of Chicago in the summer, 1949 studied at Princeton University in the autumn, won the Nobel Prize, and was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica in 1958. 1965, at the invitation of Thor, president of new york State University, he established the Shixi Research Department. 1966, he left Princeton and became a professor at the Institute of Physics of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. 1938, Yang was admitted to the Department of Chemistry of National Southwest Associated University, which was merged by Tsinghua, Peking University and Nankai University at that time, and later changed to the Department of Physics.

1957, in cooperation with Li Zhengdao, he overthrew Einstein's "parity conservation law" and won the Nobel Prize in physics. Their contributions are highly praised and considered as one of the milestones in physics.

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein

(1879 March14-1955 April18)

He is a world-famous German-American scientist, the pioneer and founder of modern physics.

He is recognized as the most outstanding scientist in the 20th century.

Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, a small owner's family who runs an electrical workshop. A year later, my family and I moved to Munich. 1894, his family moved to Milan, Italy. From 65438 to 0895, he transferred to the state middle school in Arau, Switzerland. 1896 entered the normal department of Zurich University of Technology to study physics, 1900 graduated. 190 1 acquired Swiss nationality. 1902 was hired as a technician by the Berne patent office in Switzerland, engaged in the technical appraisal of invention patent applications. He used his spare time to do scientific research, and made historic achievements in three different fields of physics in 1905, especially the establishment of special relativity and the proposal of light quantum theory, which promoted the revolution of physics theory. In the same year, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Zurich with his thesis "A New Method for Determining Molecular Size".

Einstein was a part-time lecturer at Berne University from 65438 to 0908. 1909 left the patent office and became an associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. 191/kloc-0 was a professor of theoretical physics at the Deutschland University in Prague, and 19 12 was a professor at his alma mater, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. 19 14, which should be Max? Planck and Walter? At the invitation of Nernst, he returned to Germany as the director of the Royal William Institute of Physics and a professor at the University of Berlin until 1933. 1920 should be Hendrick? Anton? Lorenz and Bauer? At the invitation of Allen Fast, she is also distinguished professor from Leiden University in the Netherlands. After the outbreak of World War I, he devoted himself to public and underground anti-war activities.

Einstein published his general theory of relativity in 19 15. His prediction that light will bend after passing through the gravitational field of the sun was made by British astronomer Arthur in 19 19. Stanley? Eddington's observation of total solar eclipse was confirmed. 19 16 The gravitational wave he predicted was also confirmed in 1978. Einstein and relativity have become household names in the west, but they have also attracted vicious attacks from chauvinists, militarists and anti-Semitists in Germany and other countries.

19 17, Einstein put forward the theory of stimulated radiation, which became the theoretical basis of laser.

Einstein was awarded the 192 1 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on photoelectric effect.

1933 1 10 After the Nazi Party seized the German regime in October, Einstein was the primary object of persecution in the scientific community. Fortunately, he was giving a lecture in America at that time and was not killed. Returning to Europe in March, he took refuge in Belgium. On September 9, he found himself being followed by the Gestapo who planned to assassinate him. He crossed the ocean in the starry night, moved to Princeton University in the United States in June 5438+10, and served as a professor at the newly-built Institute for Advanced Studies until his retirement in June 5438 +0945. 1940 Obtaining American citizenship.

1939, he was told that uranium nuclear fission and its chain reaction were discovered. Under the impetus of szilard, he wrote to President Roosevelt and suggested developing an atomic bomb to prevent the Germans from getting ahead of him. On the eve of the end of World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Einstein was strongly dissatisfied with this. After the war, we waged unremitting struggles and launched a peaceful movement against the dangers of nuclear war and fascism in the United States.

Einstein died of ruptured aortic aneurysm at Princeton. According to his will, there will be no funeral, no grave, no monument, and the ashes will be scattered in a place that will always be kept secret, and no place will be sacred. Einstein spent the rest of his life exploring the theory of grand unification, but this work has never been successful. Now the grand unified theory is the central issue in theoretical physics research.

A more critical person than God —— The story of Paulie

Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli was born in 1900 and died in 1958. He is a rare genius at the beginning of this century and has made outstanding contributions to relativity and quantum mechanics. Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the "incompatibility principle". This principle was discovered by him in 1924, which had a revolutionary influence on the establishment of atomic structure and the understanding of the micro-world.

Pauli wrote a summary paper on the theoretical and experimental results of general relativity at the age of 19. It was only three years before Einstein published his "General Theory of Relativity" (19 16). People thought that he was so young but had such original opinions, which shocked the whole physics circle and made him famous at one fell swoop.

There are many stories about Paulie. He is famous for his preciseness and erudition, and also for his sharpness and criticism. It is said that Pauli met Einstein at an international conference. After Einstein's speech, Pauli stood up and said, "I don't think Einstein is completely stupid."

Once, the Italian physicist segre, who later discovered antiprotons, finished his report and Pauli left the meeting room. Pauli said to him, "I have never heard such a bad report as yours." At that time, segre said nothing. Pauli thought for a moment, then turned to Brescher, a Swiss physical chemist who was traveling with them, and said, "If you give a report, the situation will be even worse. Of course, except for your opening remarks in Zurich last time. "

Another time Paulie wanted to go to a place, but she didn't know how to get there. A colleague told him. Later, this colleague asked him if he had found the place that day. Instead, he sarcastically said, "When you don't talk about physics, you should think clearly."

Paulie is rude to his students, too. Once a student wrote a paper for Paulie to read. Two days later, the student asked Paulie for advice. Paulie returned the paper to him and said, "Even mistakes are not enough."

But Pauli was called "the conscience of physics" by Bohr, because of his sensitivity and prudence, he had the ability to find mistakes at a glance. In physics, there is a "Pauli effect"-when Pauli appears, people there will make mistakes in both theoretical deduction and experimental operation.

And when Pauli says "Oh, there's nothing wrong with it", it usually means very high approval. There is a joke that Paulie went to see God after his death, and God showed him his own design plan for the world. Paulie shrugged after reading it and said, "You could have done better ..."

Madame Curie, the pioneer of human radiology research

1On July 4th, 934, Madame Curie, the only scientist who won two Nobel Prizes in history, died in Sasselam sanatorium.

My motherland is Poland.

Madame Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland on June 7th, 1867+065438+. Her original name is Mary Sklodska. Although she later married pierre curie, a French scholar, she never forgot that her motherland was Polish.

Since 1794, when the Russian Empire invaded Poland, it began to oppress Polish religions, abolish the use of Polish, and teach Polish teenagers in Russian in an attempt to enslave the Polish people and destroy the Polish soul. Although Mary's parents used to be Polish aristocrats, due to the misfortune of national subjugation, their family background has declined, and they have to make a living by teaching in schools under the management of Russian inspectors. Although Mary studied in a school under Russian rule when she was a child, she still worked very hard and always got the best grades in all subjects. Her history teacher is a patriotic lady and often teaches Polish history in history classes. 10-year-old Mary often cries for the misfortune of her motherland. When Mary became a world-famous scientist, her history teacher answered the reporter like this: "At that time, Mary always wore a dark blue flannel uniform with ribbons in her blonde curls. She is smart and stubborn. She likes my history class very much. She loves our motherland Poland as much as she does now. " One day, Russian inspectors came to the classroom, asked Mary to recite Catholic prayers in Russian, and then asked her the names of the czars of past dynasties. Mary spoke these strange names fluently. Finally, the Russian inspector asked, "Who rules us?" Mary turned pale at once and kept silent. Mary didn't answer him until the Russian inspector asked him rudely for the second time. But when he left, Mary suddenly cried and shouted, "No! My motherland is Poland! " 1898, the curies discovered two radioactive elements. When Mr. Curie asked Mary to say one of the names, Mary suddenly thought of the motherland that had disappeared on the map of Europe. She told her husband, "I propose to name it polonium (praseodymium) to commemorate my motherland."

The most mysterious radioactive element-the birth of radium

189 1 In the autumn of, Mary came to Paris and entered the Faculty of Science of Paris University, which she dreamed of. The School of Science is located in Sorbonne District, also known as Sorbonne University. 1893 In the summer, Mary got a bachelor's degree in physics with the first place in the exam. The next year, she got a bachelor's degree in mathematics. Here, she met pierre curie. At that time, Mr. Curie was a very pure physicist, although he was not famous. His speech was elegant and poetic. They got married in July 1895, when Marie was 28 and Mr Curie was 36. They didn't hold any ceremony, and even spent their honeymoon roaming in the country by bike.

In the study of physics, Mr. Curie can be regarded as the original director of Madame Curie. Madame Curie also got a novel research topic because of his guidance, that is, radioactivity-in fact, there was no such term at that time, and it was later named by Madame Curie. Although another French scientist, Berkley (who later won the Nobel Prize with the Curies) has discovered the "uranium ray" and submitted his findings in a report to the French Institute of Doctor of Science, it has not attracted anyone's attention. And at that time, all scientists in Europe did not take "uranium rays" seriously. But the Curies thought it was an excellent research topic, especially Madame Curie, who was fascinated by the radioactivity of uranium. Madame Curie found in hard research and experiments that radioactivity exists not only in uranium but also in thorium compounds. So Madame Curie named this phenomenon "radioactivity" and radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium "radioactive elements".

Because of the greatness discovered by Madame Curie, Mr. Curie decided to stop the study of crystallography and study the mysterious "radioactive elements" with his wife. Starting from the summer of 1898, the curies worked together for eight years, and finally found two new radioactive elements in uranium asphalt ore. Madame Curie named one of them polonium (praseodymium) to commemorate her motherland Poland; On the other hand, they announced in an article published in the report of the French Institute of Doctor of Science: "We propose to name it radium, and think that radium is extremely radioactive." However, it is not enough to discover these two new radioactive elements only in theory. Some scientists in Europe must see these two new elements with their own eyes and find out their atomic weights. The curies must extract pure praseodymium or pure radium from uranium asphalt ore containing trace radium and praseodymium in order to convince the world. However, this kind of mineral seedling is extremely expensive, and it is only produced in Bohemia, Austria in the whole of Europe. Mr. and Mrs. Curie are poor scholars, and all their savings can only buy a few hundred kilograms of residue after uranium extraction. They wrote to several Austrian scientists for help and finally got the favor of the Austrian government. They decided to give a ton of residue to two crazy people who thought it was necessary, and they could give it away if they needed it later. In order to find the laboratory, the Curies also tried their best, and finally found an abandoned factory shed without shelter from the wind and rain in the municipal physics and chemistry school where Mr. Curie taught. At that time, many scientists who visited the factory shed saw how Madame Curie refined pure radium: she wore old clothes full of dust, stains and acid, held an iron bar longer than her, and stirred the boiling residue in a cauldron like a chef. In this way, she refined the original ton of residue and other tons of residue sent by Bohemia. After four years of refining, they finally got one gram of pure radium at 1902. During the long refining process, Madame Curie asked Mr. Curie countless times, "Pierre, I really want to know what shape and color it should be." Mr. Curie always replied softly, "I hope it has the most beautiful color."

Madame Curie will never forget that night. She and Mr. Curie walked hand in hand through the brightly lit streets and came to the shed of the factory to enjoy the crystallization of their four years of refining. When they entered the shed, they saw the glass container with blue light at a glance. Facing the beautiful light that came to the world for the first time, Madame Curie slowly sat on a straw chair and stared silently, while Mr. Curie leaned back in the chair and stroked her hair gently with his hand.

The highest honor and the deepest love

The birth of radium made the Curies famous all over the world. The University of Paris, which once refused to provide them with a laboratory, suddenly woke up and awarded Madame Curie a doctorate in physics on June 25th. 1903. For a woman, especially for a Polish woman, it was the most prestigious degree at that time. Then, at the invitation of the Royal Academy of Sciences, when the Curies came to London, it was even more deserted. All Londoners want to see "Radium's parents". At the welcome banquet held in their honor by the Royal Institute, all famous British scientists attended, and Madame Curie became the first woman to attend such a banquet. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Royal Society of London awarded the couple the highest award of the society, the Medal of David. On 65438+February 10 this year, the Doctor of Science of Swedish Academy announced that half of this year's Nobel Prize in Physics would be awarded to Berkeley and the other half to the Curies for their discovery of radioactivity.

Just as the Curies became more and more famous and further studied radium, Mr. Curie died in an accident. With great grief, Madame Curie refused to hold a parade and a speech for Mr. Curie, and only asked that Mr. Curie be buried in his hometown mother's cemetery with the simplest ceremony.

Madame Curie continued to study radium in depth while teaching. She also organized a radium research group to introduce radium, a mysterious element, to all countries in the world. 19111February, the doctor of science of Swedish Institute announced that she was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry this year. In the history of the Nobel Prize, only Madame Curie won this honor twice. As usual, Madame Curie will give a public speech in Stockholm. Accompanied by her sister and eldest daughter Irina. At that time, no one could have imagined that Irina Curie would go to Stockholm to receive the Nobel Prize 24 years later!

Madame Curie discovered praseodymium and radium, which started the research of human radiology. Because of the medical use of these two radioactive elements, they will benefit mankind forever. However, Madame Curie, who worked for radium for 35 years, died of leukemia due to laser rays on July 4, 1934. According to her living will, people buried her coffin in the same cave as Mr. Curie. On her tombstone, there is only one simple line: Marie Sklo Dasca Curie, 1867- 1934.