What are the books of ancient physiognomy?

Xiangxue has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Xunzi, a master of Confucianism, said: "People also have ancient times."

Gubuziqing was a famous physiognomist in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time, Zuo Zhuan and Zhou Shu also included Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo's generation of famous doctors to judge good or bad luck and visceral diseases according to the five elements of physiognomy, but from different angles.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there were Mr. Shui Jing, Kong Ming and Xu Shu, who were well versed in the art of war, astronomy and geography, nine palaces and eight diagrams, and so on.

Xu Fu in Han Dynasty, Yuan Tiangang and Li in Tang Dynasty, Chen Tuan in Song Dynasty and Liu Bowen in Ming Dynasty all developed physiognomy. Confucius said, "Life and death are life, and treasure is in heaven." "fifty knows the destiny."

There is a record in Zuo Zhuan that in 200 AD, Gongsun Ao invited Fu Shu to meet his two sons. ..

Later, the famous fortuneteller never wrote a book again, and there was even a special chapter in the historical records that recorded the deeds of the fortuneteller. Wang Chong's Lun Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty mainly opposed false heresy, but fully affirmed physiognomy (bone). Liu Shao in Wei and Jin Dynasties (the author of Figures) and Zeng Guofan in Qing Dynasty (the author of Bing Jian) developed the ancient talent theory based on physiognomy.

Zeng Guofan is famous for knowing people and being good at their duties. He not only unearthed a generation of famous ministers, such as Zuo and Li Hongzhang, but also the wealth of shogunate talents, which was unprecedented in previous dynasties. This not only shows that Zeng Guofan's talent theory is scientific, but also proves that Xiangxue, as the basis of Zeng Guofan's talent theory, has great practical value.

Among the famous physiognomists of past dynasties, there are many people who can be found in history.

Among them, a complete theory of physiognomy was put forward, and Xu Fu was first in the Han Dynasty.

Xu Fu was originally a woman, and was named a female pavilion by Emperor Gaozu because she was good at meeting people.

It is said that Xu is the author of Song of Virtue and Instruments, Miscellaneous Comments on the Five Senses, Listening to the Sound and Walking with each other. Up to now, many photo albums have also mentioned Xu negative's aural listening method (probably a later work).

The History of the Three Kingdoms records many physiognomists, such as Guan Ju, Zhu Jianping and Liu Wuji.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the development of physiognomy reached a peak, and Sui Shu recorded famous artists, such as Ding Wei and Lai He. In the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Tiangang, Long Fuben, Xia Rong, Liu, Yuan and others enjoyed a high reputation in the official history and unofficial history.

In the Song Dynasty, physiognomy was also quite developed. The influential physiognomists are Chen Tuan, Mayiyi, Miaoying monk and Miaofang. Song Dynasty literati Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were also good at physiognomy.

There were many famous physiognomists in Ming dynasty, and a large number of physiognomy books appeared.

The physiognomists mainly include Liu Bowen, Rulan Monk, Zhang Tian, Yuan Xun and Yuan Zhongche.

Among them, Yuan Jia and his son are the most famous.

The famous Hundred Questions of Yongle in the history of physiognomy originated from the confrontation between Ming Chengzu and Yuanjia.

Yuan Xun has Liu Zhuang Xiang Fa included in Yongle Dadian, and Yuan Zhongche also has Man-Han Banquet.

Later, Liu Zhuang Xiang Fa, which was widely circulated, was related to Yuan Jia and his son.

China's traditional physiognomy developed into a masterpiece of the Ming Dynasty. The Complete Biography of the Gods was named the Secret Biography of Chen Tuan, but it was marked as the revision of Yuan Zhongche.

By the Qing Dynasty, the arrangement and works of physiognomy had made great progress.

In terms of physiognomy works, Tieguan Dao and Jin are the most concise, while Water Mirror Collection and Hengzhen are more comprehensive and comprehensive, and they are masters after Shen Xiang.

During the Republic of China, the spread of physiognomy improved. During this period, there appeared many relatively easy-to-understand books on physiognomy, among which Plain Physiognomy and Gongdu Physiognomy are the most famous.