What ancient buildings are there in the manor?

Kang Million Manor is based on the traditional concept of "harmony between man and nature, and Taoism is natural". The building is built on the street, the cave is built on the mountain, and the pier is built along the river, depending on the danger. It not only retains the residential buildings in the Loess Plateau and the quadrangle form in the north, but also absorbs the characteristics of government, gardens and military forts, and integrates the architectural features of the south and north of China. It is the most representative ancient architectural complex in the Central Plains of China.

There are a large number of such ancient buildings in the manor, including 365,438+00 living quarters, 365,438+0 courtyards and 73 caves. Surprisingly, there is only one entrance to such a huge building complex. Without the guidance of a well-informed passer-by, it is extremely difficult for a stranger to find the exit and meander through the manor, just like walking into a big maze.

The architectural style of Kang Million Manor is different from the houses built by most rich families. Its entrance can be compared with the ancient city gate, and there are main city walls on both sides of the entrance. There is also a commanding observation deck modeled after the Great Wall observation deck in Beijing, so the architectural style of Kangjiazhuang is really unique.

Enter the interior of the manor and climb the stairs to the observation deck. Not far from the observation deck is Kang's kitchen. The Kang family is a big family, and it is always full of guests on weekdays. So Kang's kitchen is very big. Only in this way can we solve the problem of eating with a large population, and there are many people working in the kitchen. Naturally, it is very lively and noisy.

But the Kang family's study is next to the kitchen, which is really confusing. A noisy kitchen and a quiet study actually complement each other. This may be the Kang family's determination to exercise their children's reading, and let them experience the meaning of quiet in troubled times!

At the same time, compared with other buildings in the compound, the interior decoration of Konka study is very simple, which is in sharp contrast with other luxurious and rich buildings.

Outside the academy, there are two small pavilions and some withered ancient flowers and trees, which invisibly add a bit of sadness to Konka Courtyard.

To the east of the study is Konka Studio. All the furniture in the studio is inlaid with sparkling gems. The east wall is also inlaid with the works of famous calligraphers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, while the west wall is hung with the official costume of A Qing and a sword used by Kang Yingkui, a descendant of the Kang family.

On the west side of the study is a mourning hall with ancestral tablets. There are many exquisite shrines and inscriptions about the death of Mr. Zu in the mourning hall. It is said that it takes a stonemason three months to carve every inscription, so every inscription in Konka Lingtang is very precious.

Not far from the mourning hall is the ordinary living area of the Kang family. There are two wonders in this area. The first miracle is the cave carved by calligraphy. On both sides of this cave, there are 16 stone tablets as high as adults, all of which are engraved with the content of praising the "compassion" and "generosity" of lay people.

The second miracle is the woodcarving on the cave window. Every hollowed-out wood carving has a wonderful impression of "the mountain side becomes a peak, and the distance is different", and this cave is also the place where the owner lives.

There is a nanmu bed in the cave, which was a beautiful treasure in a million at that time. It is said that it was carved by the five most famous woodcarvers in that year for three years, and its exquisiteness is even comparable to that of the emperor's dragon chair.

At the bottom left of the bed is a wooden handcart, which is 1m high and 1.5m long. This wooden handcart is a tool for wives with manors to go to the toilet.

In ancient China, women had to bind their feet. However, the three-inch golden lotus feet make it impossible for women to travel long distances. Toilets are usually built in the most remote parts of the compound, so this wooden trolley has become a special means of transportation to pick up women and girls from the toilet and bedroom.

On the right side of the wooden cart, there are several pairs of high heels embroidered with exquisite patterns, which are worn by ladies.

Behind this cave is Konka Restaurant. On the right side of the restaurant is a square table for eight people to eat. Because the Kang family is superstitious and believes that life and death depend on fate, wealth is in the sky, so whenever a fortune teller visits, he should use this tableware to entertain him.

They believe that doing so will bring good luck and wealth to the whole family. If a VIP comes to visit, the host of the Kang family will hold a large banquet according to the Manchu-Chinese tradition. On this occasion, 108 pieces of tableware are often used, which means good luck.

Come out of the restaurant, go straight east, and you will arrive at Konka's East Yard. In the lobby of Gate No.3 of the East Hospital, there is a "legacy plaque", which is one of the famous plaques in China and also a family instruction plaque for future generations of the Kang family.

The inscription "I have more than enough" on this plaque has the meaning of endless ingenuity to return to nature, endless wealth to the court, endless wealth to the people, and endless blessings to future generations. This plaque was written by Hanlin Niu Xuan in Qing Dynasty.

There are many inscriptions in Kang Million Manor that are similar to "more than enough", all of which embody the Confucian doctrine of the mean, which is reflected in Kang Million's support for the court, the construction of the Yellow River levee, the construction of schools, and the relief of victims.

In addition, the inscriptions on the Taoist temple gate in the manor, such as "live with dignity and be respected" and "walk simply", all reflect the principles of the Kang family, that is, they should pay attention to self-cultivation in their daily lives, be frank when going out to treat others, and be simple and generous in appearance.

In the manor, in addition to the East Campus complex, there is also a warehouse area, which is the base camp of the Kang family's business activities. This is the commercial activity place of the Kang family at that time, integrating warehouse, office and business. At that time, the Kang family set up warehouses with different functions all over the country, and at the same time, the "four old messengers" and "eight big messengers" were in charge of each warehouse, forming a pyramid-shaped management organization.

This board house area is the commercial headquarters of the Kang family. It is surrounded by mountains and waters, and it is close to the residential wharf. It is an important core part of the economic development of the entire Kang family for hundreds of years.

Board houses range from 1885 to 1892. There are six courtyards, a feeding shed and a horse farm covering an area of 25 mu, with a total area of over 3,600 square meters. After vicissitudes of life, there are three basically complete quadrangles, namely Shunji, Kuiji and Chongyide, with an area of about 2,000 square meters.

The architectural features of Banfang District are17th century and18th century, which are typical architectural styles of western Henan in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. It is still a binary courtyard, with three sculptures of wood, stone and brick, which are carved with dragons and painted with buildings, with profound implications.

There are many stone carvings about folk tales everywhere in Banfang District. After hundreds of years of history, these stone carvings are still intact, and the outlines of the carved fonts are still striking and beautiful.

One of the biggest features of Kang Million Warehouse is the plaques and couplets that can be seen everywhere, which are full of rich cultural atmosphere of Henan merchants and fully show the identity and taste of the owners, and are also unique in the warehouse area.

Among them, the door plaque of Shunji Hospital is engraved with the words "Water of Zorro". Luo is a symbol of wisdom, and water is one of the important carriers of business.

At that time, the Kang family started with water transportation, made a fortune, and managed salt industry, grain, cotton and cloth. Therefore, "the water of Zorro" means that Kang Jiaming is sensible and has a long history as Luohe.

There are two such couplets around the gate:

Heavy agricultural materials, commerce and agriculture are based on this;

Loyalty and faith are in people.

Judging the situation, honesty is the foundation of business;

Turn wisdom into profit, and turn profit into righteousness.

After entering the gate, it is the welcoming living room of Shunjiyuan. This is the place where Kangjia used to receive visitors from all walks of life. The warehouses around Kangjia are the same size and are responsible for uploading and publishing business information.

In the hall, there is a stone tablet shaped like a scroll. The book on the tablet is Oracle Bone Inscriptions promulgated in Kangxi 17 14. The contents are as follows:

I regard businessmen and civilians as pure children. No matter how big or small things are, all contemporary preparations are mature.

It means that businessmen and farmers are my people, no matter big or small, I will be careful and treat them equally.

Emperor Kangxi was in office for 6 1 year, and he was determined to achieve three major events in his life, namely, withdrawing governors, governing the Yellow River and developing grain transportation.

Kang Dayong, the owner of Kangjiadi 12 generation manor, seized the opportunity, vigorously developed water transportation, changed the traditional concept of "being an official, not a business", and used the river in front of his door to move his business from Luohe to the Yellow River and then to the whole country, which was very prosperous.

The entire welcome living room is divided into an outer hall and an inner hall. All visiting guests go to the outer living room first, and if there is something important, they will discuss it with the old "xianggong" in the inner hall. If it is important, the old "xianggong" will reflect it to the owner of Kang Million.

There is a round table in the guest room, which is the place where guests can watch and place samples when talking business with their hosts.

On weekdays, this table is divided into two parts and placed on both sides. If the two tables are paired together when the negotiation is successful, it means that the business is a complete success. In addition, the semi-round table can save space and make people look practical and beautiful.

There is also a saying, that is, through the placement of tables in the house, it can be judged whether the male host is at home, and the tables are separated, indicating that the host is not at home. Together, it means that the owner is at home.

The reception room is the image window of the Kang family. The Kang family specially arranged this reception room, which contained furniture, calligraphy and painting, Four Treasures of the Study, handicrafts, tea sets and tea. It embodies the Confucian style of "advocating the golden mean, keeping a low profile and keeping a low profile" and the unique personality of Yu merchants.

In addition to this warm living room, there are several rooms in Shunji Courtyard. Next to Shunji Courtyard, there is Kuiji Courtyard in Banfang District.

At the gate of this hospital, the plaque on the right reads "Assess the situation" and the plaque on the left reads "Assess the situation", which is a constant reminder of the Kang family to take the overall situation into consideration, stress strategic skills and strive for business success.

Inside the gate is the VIP room of the garden, which is used to arrange for visiting guests to rest.

In this room, there are two couplets that read:

Only a meaningful friendship can last;

Wealth is good for profit.

If the goods are rich, Zhu Herang;

Take advantage of righteousness and take talents as teachers.

The indoor furniture is complete, and the calligraphy and painting decoration on the wall is filled with a quiet and warm atmosphere, which reflects the meticulous care of Konka owners.

Like Heshun Hospital, Kuiji Hospital has two wings. In addition, there are several special wings in the Kuiji compound.

One is the local general affairs office, where the general manager of Kangjia works.

It is said that in the heyday of the Kang family, there were four old xianggong, eight big xianggong, thirty-two xianggong and countless small xianggong, and there were nearly 200 pyramid-shaped management systems. The old "xianggong" is the manager of the Kang family, the big "xianggong" is the head of each partition, the "xianggong" is the head of each floor, and the little "xianggong" is a businessman or an important handyman.

The supervisor of this common room is responsible for the renovation project, property purchase, management and maintenance of Konka camp, as well as the maintenance of simple houses, cashiers, xianggong, servants' salaries, vacations, daily life arrangements and management.

At the same time, in order to consolidate the foundation of the Kang family and develop the commercial market of the Kang family, Kang Million also openly recruits "xianggong" and people of insight from the society. Therefore, the General Affairs Office also serves as a place for the Kang family to select business talents.

The other is the financial office of the Kang family, and it is also the director of the financial office of one of the four detained members of the Kang family. This is a place for independent examination and accounting.

Setting up this single room is of great significance for improving the economic situation of the Kang family. Four Treasures of the Study, abacus, clipboard, candlestick and ledger are hung on the side wall, followed by chairs, filing cabinets and other supporting facilities on the table.

A cot, a tea set, a washbasin and other daily necessities are not often used, which just shows the conscientious working attitude of the elderly.

There is also a silver discussion room, where the old "xianggong" of the Kang family teaches the secrets and experience of the small "xianggong" and decides and handles large-scale accounting procedures with money.

Next to the silver room, there is also a wing, which is the debriefing room of Xianggong. This is the place where the Kang family lived when they came back from other places to report their business to the old "xianggong" and Kang Million.

There are 32 "xianggong" in the Kang family in other places. They often come back to report their business to Dong's family. This is their temporary residence, which is equivalent to the later guest room.

Kuiji Hospital also has warehouses. The room is divided into two floors. There are some lighter items upstairs, such as silks and satins in the south, porcelain, tea, cotton cloth and medicinal materials in Shaanxi.

Most of the goods at the lower level are difficult to carry, including salt from Shandong, raw lacquer from the south, yellow wine, grain from Shaanxi, pepper, wood, native products from Henan and liquor.

Chongyi Deyuan in Banfang District consists of Yizhou Ren Li Room, Jide Goodwill Room, Lan Zhi Room, Deliberation Hall, Gold and Silver Library and Sage Hall. Among them, Jide Charity Hospital is the medical clinic of Kang Jianxun, the 17th generation manor owner of Konka.

Lan Zhi Room is a place where important people are temporarily received for discussion in the manor, and it is also a living place where Kang Million combs his business, captures business opportunities and deeply understands business principles.

There is a wooden hanging screen on the west wall of Lan Zhi Hall, and there are all kinds of camp beds and furniture in the room. It seems simple and neat, but it really highlights the bright, earnest, sensitive and meticulous personality of Confucian businessman Kang Million.

Outside the garden room, there are two interesting couplets that read:

The difference between thoughts is not evil, but the only virtue within a square inch;

Ten thousand reasons to reform, spring comes and heaven falls.

Secretly thinking about nothing is like a ghost;

Obviously, the only way to show it is to study hard.

The discussion hall of Chongyide Hospital is a place for visiting guests from all over the world to rest and discuss temporarily. There are all kinds of tea sets and desks in the hall, which shows the host's meticulous care for the guests.

Next to the secret room, there is a gold and silver vault, where Kang Million keeps gold, silver, jewels and valuables. Here are some official kiln porcelain, antiques, gold and silver jewelry, silver tickets, contract jewelry boxes, antique racks, Qing Dynasty crates and other supplies.

The three courtyards of Shunji, Kuiji and Chongyide in Banfang District convey the business philosophy of Konka family to collect money and manage finances, which makes people feel the glory of Konka family.

In addition to the board house area, there is also the famous South Courtyard of Konka Manor, which is a symbol of the peak of Konka's development and an important symbol of the concentrated expression of fine architectural culture. It is also an important place to show Konka's taste and cultivation, and to show the unique position and lifestyle of the family in the handling of public relations among agriculture, government and business.

South Yard is the only official building with strict structure and large scale in Kangbaiwan Manor. The Kang family once negotiated with more than 30 county magistrates to take over Cixi, which shows the prosperity of the Kang family.

The whole South Campus consists of three parts: Zhongzhi Main Campus, Shu Student Campus and Zun Yi Fang Campus. From here, people can see the foresight and good intentions of the Kang family to inherit family studies and educate their children, and they can also feel the cultural atmosphere of Heluo architecture hidden in the middle, and can better appreciate the subtlety of women's housekeeping and the mystery of wealth inheritance.

In the main courtyard of Zhongzhi, there is the famous "Jing Zuo Shihua Building", which is the library building of Kang Million Manor and the family public library set up by the Kang family to educate future generations.

On the doorpost of the building, there is a couplet:

Seek knowledge around the book forest according to ink, and seek advice by reading;

Explore Han Shi's understanding and solution to the problem of borrowing chapters.

It means to study hard and humbly ask for advice from a vast number of books; We should apply what we have learned, explore and study knowledge, improve our self-cultivation and solve world problems.

The library embodies the thought that the Kang family attaches importance to education and learning, and it is also a historical witness of advocating Heluo culture. The children of the Kang family can swim and immerse themselves in the sea of books, thus winning the championship in the field of science and glorifying their ancestors.

The library of the South Campus is the private school of the Kang family and the place where the children of the Kang family receive education. Running a private school for children: it is the place where the children of the Kang family receive their first education.

Here, there is also a youth school, which is a place where young people of the Kang family learn and make friends with poetry. Here, they accept the high hopes of their families, study hard, undertake the task of inheriting the myth of family fortune, and realize the important task of making a name for themselves and honoring their ancestors.

The teachers' office of the South Campus is the residence of Mr. Kang's private school.

The Kang family attaches great importance to education. Their private school teachers are all hired by some local celebrities, and most of them are in the position of a juren. Among them, the famous teachers are Sun Hansan, Zhao and Kang Yuyuan. They have trained a group of outstanding talents for Kangpei and contributed to the development of Kangpei.

In addition to these basic buildings, the most striking thing about Konka Manor is the stone pillars that support the roof of each house.

This construction method can protect the stone pillars from moisture erosion, and these hexagonal bases are made of crystal stones formed over the years, with flowers and figures engraved on each face.

The most imaginative figure is the carved figure hollowed out in the middle. It seems that the whole stone pillar is supported by them. The figure sculpture is lively and lovely, and the overall structure is fairly balanced.

In Konka Siheyuan, many folk stone carvings can be seen everywhere. Even after hundreds of years of wind and rain, such stone carvings are still intact, and the carved fonts and outlines are still eye-catching and beautiful. This is all because of the meticulous selection of materials.

There are many stone carvings, wood carvings and brick carvings in Kang Million Manor. Most of these sculptures are figures, flowers, birds and animals, among which "crowned with crowns" and "midnight visits" are mainly figures. These patterns are not only exquisite and ingenious, but also profound and full of life flavor.

In addition, there are precious cultural relics such as furniture, antiques, celebrity paintings and calligraphy in the manor. The number of such cultural relics is as high as more than 4,000, which has profound historical accumulation and rich artistic connotation.

He' nan kangbaiwan manor courtyard