Geographical location, specialties, customs and customs of Changde, Hunan Province

Look at Shen Congwen's boat in Changde.

Changde is Wuling, and the hometown of fisherman mentioned in Tao Qian's Postscript of Searching for God and Peach Blossom Garden should be here. Deshan is in the lower reaches of the river, more than 20 miles away from the urban area, which can be said to be the only mountain in the area. The car may stop at Deshan.

Stop, maybe at another stop across the river from the county seat. Cars don't have to cross the river, but people on the bus might as well cross the river and see everything in the city. Geography books tell people that this is a big pier in western Hunan, and it is a place to exchange export goods and import goods.

Tung oil, wood, cowhide, pig's intestines bristles, tobacco mercury, Chinese gallnut, and Asian tobacco are loaded by various ships from eastern Sichuan, eastern Guizhou, and western Hunan. These things will be re-exported from here and then transported to Changsha.

From Wuhan. Salt, yarn, cloth, foreign goods, kerosene, medicine, flour, sugar, and all kinds of daily consumer goods and light industry necessities are all brought in by Xiajiang barge, and they will be modified from here and used on ships of different sizes.

Only transported to the upstream wharf of the tributary of Yuanshui River for unloading. There are many kinds of village names in cities. In this case, people sitting on all kinds of Zhuang numbers are like a millstone, a kind of machinery, busy back and forth for their posts. post office

At the parcel office, such people come in and out the most. In the long-distance telephone business hall, such people are the biggest customers. The business of restaurants and prostitutes is maintained by such people.

In addition to this prosperous market, there are some small landlords who live in Hutian, gentlemen who have served as county magistrates, male and female middle school students in various counties, shopkeepers who participate in this prosperous market, and men and women from other provinces.

Tortoise and tortoise. The population of the city exceeds100000, and the streets extend nearly ten miles. When passers-by come to this city, they will understand the throat of Xiangxi. As rumored, the place is not small. But I can't figure out this throat except breathing goods.

Besides things and raw materials, there are some other things. Doing this kind of breathing work has great responsibility, busy work and mixed nature. Who are they? Without them, will the city suddenly become a ruin by the river? This kind of person

As usual, it can be seen that there is no meeting in Shuicheng, but it is most easily overlooked by travelers. What I want to say is that it really controls this throat and rules tens of thousands of boatmen in the Yuanshui River Basin.

Nothing in this dock is more amazing than the boatman and the water tools he controls. If you want to know Xiangxi, you must first know something about them. To appreciate the particularity of local nationalities in western Hunan, boatmen are one of the most valuable materials.

A traveler's ideal Wuling should have many fishing boats. Only when I got here did I know that the water was full of boats, but it was not easy to find fishing boats. The large and small ships floating on both sides of the long river can be seen by laymen at a glance.

Go, just feel the same, in fact, the shape is complex, each has its own personality, representing the personality of each place. It may be convenient for us to know more about this.

The most striking ship is the three-masted big-headed ship. This is a foreigner who came from the Yangtze River and crossed the lake. Carrying salt is its main duty. Most of them just stop here and won't swim to Yuanshui. Ordinary people call it a "salt boat".

Reality is evil. The boatman called it "the big loach fish head", and the story of Yue Fei catching Yang Yao in Dongting Lake was uploaded in Jin Tuo Nazi Party Compilation, which recorded the name. Although the name is vulgar, the source is very ancient. Most of these ships are painted with black paint.

So the color is mostly black. This kind of ship sails every season because it can only move when there is strong current and strong wind. The description of "countless boats, shadows like Bai Hong" in Du Fu's poems may refer to this kind of water thing.

Slightly smaller than this salt boat, it has two masts or one mast. Its hull is extremely delicate, and its head and tail suddenly converge, which makes people feel extremely sharp. It is black all over and is called "Wujiang Zi". Its specialty is that it is not afraid of storms and transports grain across lakes. it

He is a race walker on Dongting Lake. The physical structure is characterized by high mast, large sail, deep cabin and sharp head. The canopy is smaller than the hull, because there is a protective board outside the ship's side, and the boatman is as clean and exquisite as the ship itself.

Wen, sailing boats rely on the wind and use sails up and down, so the sails are neat and there are not many sailors on board. Only sailors can pull tents, paddle and poles, but they can't paddle. -This kind of boat doesn't use paddles very often. When emptying the boat, women can also be replaced.

Lowe is at the helm. This kind of boat sometimes goes upstream along the river, and the number is very small. The hull material is thin, so it seems that it is not suitable for adventure. This kind of ship is also a foreign guest in the Yuanshui River Basin.

Sailing in the Yuanshui River basin, a ship with great momentum and extraordinary weather, which can be called a giant, should be regarded as a "Hongjiang oil tanker". This kind of bow has many high tails, bright colors, occasionally decorated with a little gold paint, and a rudder at the stern.

Building, where you can place your family. The ship can hold three or four thousand barrels of tung oil, two thousand pieces of cotton, or a ticket of salt. Twenty-six to forty people rowed, thirty to sixty to seventy rowed, and when the spring water was released, they went up and down.

Drive, the route is to and from Changde and Hongjiang. The water goes up and down three or five times a year at most, and most of the rest is at rest. Rows moored on the river, just like the owner of the river. As usual, the owner is Mayang, surnamed Teng, and he is friendly.

Internationally, there is no way to govern the country. I often become sworn brothers with people in big firms, climb relatives' houses, stand by and put the sandalwood rudder behind the boat when sailing, with a little leisurely dignity, smoking while watching the water with a bamboo whip and a short pipe in my mouth. Meet someone.

After drinking a glass of wine, the guests got on the boat and told them the history of this oil tanker, carrying too many soldiers with little influence, rich people, or prostitutes in the Chi Yuan River valley. In other words, this ship and the local

How important is "history"! Everything on this ship is huge and solid. When the owner was on board, he didn't see anything special, but when he came ashore, he wore a robe (three or four inches above the knee) and a green feather silk jacket.

Wear a tweed hat or satin hat, wear calf leather to support your stomach, and tie it with a thick silver chain, which is full of silver dollars. Wear raw cowhide boots and walk with heavy feet. Tall and thin. There are a pair of big hands, full of yellow hair and blue veins.

He can drink and play cards, and he is generous. When he ate Hua San for entertainment, he took out a lot of silver dollar bills from his pocket and was not stingy at all. Sailors are strong and brave, with sharp eyes. They are good at singing, swimming, fighting and swearing. Like a tail fish when you get into the water,

Like a wild boar approaching a woman on the shore. Boating during the day and playing cards at night are also very interesting. Although there are many people on board, each has its own things, and it is never chaotic. The deck is always as clean as new. At the beginning of anchoring, gongs and drums will be played.

Burn paper and incense at the bow, cook white meat to sacrifice to the gods, and set off thousands of firecrackers to show that people and gods are harmonious and happy, and they are in the same boat and blessed all the way. In sailing ceremonies and songs, people are reminded of the reason why the song of the South happened two thousand years ago, and it is fine now.

Okay, keep it. It is as old as before.

Smaller than Hongjiang oil tanker, the shape seems awkward (ships are usually made of wooden boards, but this kind of ship is made of wooden pillars), flat head and big tail. As you can see, the hull is very strong and has the style of a boxer. It is called "Lily"

Boat. "Baihe is the alias of unitary water. This kind of ship goes from Changde to Yuanling, Shui Yuan, and from Yuanling to Youshui for peace protection. It is extremely dangerous to flow on the beach, and the ship will be able to withstand the collision. The ship must be loaded to suppress the waves, so the stern

Like hips, big and round. When you go down, tie one or two big wooden shoulders to the bow. The purpose of wooden spokes is to get off the beach, which is more practical than rudder when turning. As the saying goes, "three oars are not as good as one pole, and three oars are not as good as one shoulder." Reading is a skill. you

The water is shallow and urgent, and paddles are not commonly used, so paddles have many uses, so paddles grow very big, and paddles are thick, fat and short. The awning is made of zongzi leaves and has not been oiled. Most of the ship owners are from Yongshun Baojing, with Wang as their surname and Peng as their majority. Youshui river bed is narrow,

There are many beaches, and boatmen need more courage to cope with nature. When sailing, we often curse each other instead of singing together. In order to be more limited by nature, we have a bad temper. Youshui is a legendary ancient collection cave.

Location, many of them are tall, spacious and mysterious caves. From Yuanling to Youyang, there are always several caves in counties along the Youshui River Basin. However, such as Judas Cave and Youer Cave in Yuanling, Lion Cave in Baojing and Longdong Cave in Youyang,

Even the books in these caves have rotted. Up to now, the most books in this river should be Shi Yin Ben Li Shu, which is sold by Baoqing paper customers. As usual, every ship has an Imperial Calendar. There are many taboos for boatmen, and almanac is their action.

Baby. Rivers are prone to accidents, and individuals want to reduce their responsibilities. Therefore, everything seems to be decided by God, handled by God, and handled according to the rules, which makes them feel more at ease, less controversial, and has an excuse for the accident of the ship. Ships in counties of Youshui River Basin

However, they are different in form, except that these ships can't leave the Baihe River. The Baihe oil tankers that Changde can see are almost the same in appearance.

In Chenxi County in central Shui Yuan, white lime and black coal are produced. The local ship carrying these two things is called "Dawn Ship", also called "Dawn Ship".

Guangbozi. Compared with the above two kinds of ships, it is characterized by brittle materials and lack of individuality. The hull is mostly light black, shaped like a shuttle on a homespun machine, and its style is not very smart. Down, full, some worthless

Upward goods, because goods without backs are often empty. The hull is dirty, the cargo time is short, it is dangerous to sail with full load, and passengers are not welcome, so shipbuilders don't care much about cleanliness and time. As usual, the tent on this ship

It is incomplete, the cloth sail is broken and broken, giving people the feeling that it is a broken place. The boatmen are lazy because they are idle, and their spirits are mostly depressed.

Donghe (Luxi) originates from Longdong in Gancheng Miao Township and Wu Chao in Fenghuang Miao Township. Two small rivers meet in Suoli City, Gancheng County. East, to luxi county, and Yuanshui. The boats in this river are called "caves".

"River boat", the mainstream of Heyuan flows from two caves in Lilin, Miao township. The riverbed is rocky, so the water is particularly clear and fierce. The hull must struggle in the collision. The river is small and the hull is light. The side of this ship is very low.

Flat narrow bow. On this boat, we can find the water in the hands of the Miao people. But we won't be surprised by him when we meet him, and he won't be surprised by us. This kind of person is similar to other water people in all aspects, so

The only difference is that he is honest, upright, simple and straightforward.

-the temperament of primitive people, because living in the mountains, preserved more than people in the city. Gancheng people are extremely smart and elegant, with small hands and feet, and their voices are very pleasant when singing folk songs. When they arrive at the dock, they can be particularly silent and quiet. So is the boat.

Being small, I don't often have the opportunity to dock at this big pier. This kind of boat seems to be shy when it is moored on the river, just as sailors are shy when they go out on the street.

Gancheng regards the research institute as a water wharf for the county to suck in goods. Although the place is not big, Xiaoshi Town is clean and tidy, and there are several celebrities in the history of nearly 30 years. Fu, the general of Duan Dynasty, grew up in this small county. General of the Northeast Army, General Yang Anming, who is known as the tactical authority among the active servicemen in China, is also from here.

On the river, it is very active and lively, and there are a large number of ordinary medium-sized "Mayang boats". This kind of bow tail is held high, graceful and flexible. The origin of this kind of ship is Mayang River (Chenxi). On every ship

You can see women, children and child brides. Whether it is the business entrusted by businessmen or the work assigned by God, boatmen are extremely competent. Most of the transshipment business in Yuanshui River Basin is mainly local people.

Due to the prosperity of the population, there is a Mayang Street outside Changde City. "All success requires struggle", which can also be explained as Mayang Street. According to legend, this street was opened by a sailor named Teng Laojiu.

Yes If we are interested in visiting that street specially, we can know that all the people without capital who run small shops, barbershops, boatmen and the oldest occupations are Mayang folks, then we will understand that we have participated in it.

Everyone has a share in this struggle. Mayang people's energy is incomparable, or related to local production. Mayang produces all kinds of oranges and glutinous rice, which is especially suitable for brewing sweet wine. With the increase of population, there are more and more ships, so Yuan

More than half of the aquatic world is occupied by Mayang people. Where the ships docked, there were Mayang people called villagers, and the villagers got a lot of convenience. Ordinary foreigners call Mayang people "folks" by boat. Qin Xiang de tai

A sailor can eat, do, drink and fight. When the ship owner comes ashore, he will dress up as a small squire, wearing a robe and jacket like the big boss who drives the Hongjiang oil tanker, and wearing raw cowhide.

Boots, wearing a felt hat with leather ears or a doctor's hat, a heavy gold ring on his finger, and a lot of ocean money in his stomach. A Tiger Claw is hung on the short pipe, and one end is inlaid with a carved silver skin. Ask where Xianxiang is when you meet someone.

Your last name? Most of my surname is Teng, and my first name is Heyi Ghost. In the past 30 years, the politics of this province is more familiar and concerned than that of shipowners anywhere. I am happy to talk about ethics, and I am good at quoting classic aphorisms.

And local proverb as a chapter on that sky. When praising guests, you must increase your income from praise. When you are praised by a guest, you will call the guest a "confidant" and invite the guest to drink a bag of rice wine with a smile. None of the women on board are particularly good at sailing.

There are no obstacles, and they are often good helpers. Women are strong, capable, extravagant and good at bearing children.

Mayang people also have a pair of commendable hands, which are unparalleled in Xiangxi for nearly a hundred years. They are also rare artists in China. They are the hands of the sculptor Zhang Qiutan, and small pieces of art are mostly signed with cigarettes when they are near the lamp.

All of them are lifelike, and some are still in the private hands of Xiangxi. The big ones are gods like Guanyin, the king of temples in various counties. After the Revolution of 1911, superstitions were broken and many superstitions were destroyed.

In Changde Water Terminal, the boat is very small, floating on the water like a leaf, and the number is as big as dried fish, which is specially used for passengers.

"Taoyuan Rowing". Timber merchants and cigarette sellers, merchants carrying goods up and down, passing civil servants, male and female students on vacation are all customers of this kind of ship. The hull is light and the speed of going up and down is twice as fast as that of other ships. When going to the beach,

You can walk over the edge of the rapids and nothing will happen. In Pingtan, you can drive day and night without being blocked by checkpoints. So before the expressway, this boat was really a traffic weapon in the Yuanshui River Basin. The boatman doesn't need to be nervous when he works.

Spend less, but earn more. It is full of guests and rich people, and at the same time, people in Taoyuan County are particularly easygoing (Shui Yuan became Pingtan after he arrived in Taoyuan, and there was no bad beach rapids, which naturally affected the temperament of people on the water).

People who make boats are much sloppy. Many of them are drug addicts. They build ships by day and rely on lights at night. Some family members may still stay in the county town, running occupations that do not require capital, working together and not being idle. And can be a guest

Guide, take the guests who visit Taoyuan Cave to the novel places they want.

When driving up and down the Yuanshui River basin and berthing at Changde Wharf, there are several kinds of ships that should be called "guests", some from Yuping in eastern Guizhou in the upper reaches of Zhijiang, some from Tongren in the upper reaches of Mayang River, and some from eastern Sichuan in the upper reaches of Baihe River.

From Longtan. Yuping ships are mostly re-exported to Hongjiang, and there are not many downstream ships. Longtan ships mostly exchange goods from Yuanling, and there are not many descendants. Tongren ships are loaded with oil and alkali, and some Zhuang numbers are in Changde, so they are often placed directly in Changde. The most striking thing about a ship is its color.

Huang Ming looked into her eyes. Her style was light, like a rowing boat. The bow is narrow and lifted up, the bilge is flat and shallow, and the materials are crisp and thin, giving people a sense of visual flexibility and pleasure, which can be described as beautiful and generous in form. The boatman's language is clear and graceful, and he is pretentious.

The beam is simple, and some sailors wear knee-length dresses and white headscarves, which are neat and tidy and commensurate with the hull. The boat is small and heavy, so when you go down, you must tie clusters of grass to keep out the water. This kind of ship is moored in the river, as if it were extremely modest and should be a guest.

Modesty. However, it is neater than a ship of the same size, a neatness that guests can't help but pay attention to.

In addition, there is a large number of boats on the Changde River, some of which are constantly moving, while others are moored for a long time. These ships are square-headed, square-tailed, mastless and rudderless. Use boards as bulkheads, open small windows, and use boards as bulkheads.

Top. Some are golden houses for ship owners and some are caves for fugitives. There are local prostitutes recruiting, as well as businessmen selling cigarettes, sweets, snacks, pig's trotters and noodles. In addition, fortune tellers and fortune tellers, as well as those who spread light and died,

Everything can be found on this ship. It is more convenient for boatmen to get married on their birthdays with this floating mansion. Therefore, on auspicious days, there are always lanterns, bells, strings, firecrackers and boxing songs.

Decorate water with excitement.

Changde township itself is like a dry boat. Ding Ling, a female writer, Dai Xiuzan, a lawyer, and Yu Jiaxi, a scholar from China, all grew up on this dry ship. The riverbank upstream is much higher than that in the city. When the water level rises, the water reaches the edge of the city and breaks through the bank.

When the city is surrounded by water. There are thousands of shops along the Yangtze River in Changde, all of which are directly related to sailors. The grocery store specializes in selling ship parts and small things, which can be said to be for sailors. Until/very

Such as oil and salt, yarn, cowhide, tobacco, etc., it can be said that sailors are prepared for them. In addition, for example, tea houses, pubs and accountants, which are the simplest occupations, are indispensable to sailors, and they are also inseparable from water.

There is a long street in Changde City. The doors of the shops are very high (similar to those in Changsha, almost exaggerated), and the wood is worthless, which has a lot to do with the local buildings. The local lakeside, on the other side of the river bank, is flat and produces fish and shrimp lotus roots, so the fish lotus root stack has been extended for several miles. There are many pure religions, so beef is particularly fat and fresh.

Changde goes 90 miles up Shui Yuan to Taoyuan County, and then 25 miles up to Taoyuan Cave. How did Wuling fishermen walk along the stream to the Peach Blossom Garden thousands of years ago? There are no good archaeologists to talk about this route. Now I want to visit Taoyuan.

Most "elegant people" have to go by bus. In Taoyuan County, it is not easy to see people with yellow hair and enjoying themselves. However, because of the historical tradition, the local people are very kind and still have a little antique.

The wind. I also know how to welcome guests, kill chickens and make millet, and stay in hotels. Although it cost a little money, the quantity is not much. However, a traveler should know that the gifts these people give to tourists are sometimes too heavy, but they might as well be worse.

Don't be careless, don't be curious, and don't want to confirm the story from experience just because you still remember Song Yu's Goddess of Gaotang and Liu Chenzhong met Ruan Zhaotiantai's fairy. It's better to learn from the Jianghu and make less trouble! There are many local fairy goddesses, which can be combined.

For foreign scholars and tourists, wooden and bamboo merchants in Shui Yuan Valley are the only ones who are welcome. Many huge bamboos and bamboos disappeared without a trace soon after they arrived in Taoyuan.