Long Mu fortune-telling

What are the characteristics of Nankang Hakka dialect? (From phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, etc. )

Nankang was called "Nandian" and "Nan 'an" in ancient times, and was named "Nankang" in the first year of Jin Taikang (AD 280). 1995 Nankang withdraws counties to set up cities (county-level cities). Upper reaches of Ganjiang River and middle and lower reaches of Zhangjiang River. It is located at 25028' ~ 260 14' 24 "north latitude and 1 14 east longitude. 29' 9', one 144055'24 ". It is adjacent to Ganxian, zhanggong district and Jinjin districts of Ganzhou City in the east, Xinfeng and Dayu in the south, Suide and Chongyi in the west and Suichuan and Wan 'an in the north. It is 8545 kilometers long from north to south and 42.6 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 1844. % square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over two sub-district offices in Rongjiang and Dongshan, seven towns in Tangjiang, Fenggang and Longling, and two towns in Songka and Long Mu/kloc-0. By the end of 2005, the total population of the city (excluding Tandong Town) was 77,565,438+038. The ethnic groups living in Nankang are Han and She. The Han nationality is the main body, and the She nationality accounts for a small proportion of the population, which is consistent with the Han nationality in terms of language and customs. Even in the She nationality township of Songka, the Han nationality and the She nationality live together. Nankang Han residents are all Hakkas, with the old Hakkas in the majority and the new Hakkas in the minority. 2.2 Dialect Overview Gannan Hakka dialect varies greatly from place to place, and there are also differences among counties. Phonetically, there are differences in alto between some neighboring villages. On the whole, Gannan Hakka dialect can be divided into two levels: central area and ring area. The core area includes the suburbs of zhanggong district, Yuda and Chongyi in the southeast of Nankang, the suburbs of Golden Zone, Ganxian, Dayu and Du Yu, the south of Xingguo and the north of Xinfeng. These counties and cities used to belong to Ganzhou Prefecture and Nan 'an Prefecture respectively, but there is little internal difference, mainly because of some differences in pronunciation, and basically they can talk internally. Dialects in the central region are mainly immigrants in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. According to the Records of Nankang County, in the ninth year of Yongzheng, a new family from eastern Guangdong entered Nankang ... Up to now (referring to the Qianlong period), the number of J 7 aborigines has gradually decreased, while the number of foreigners has increased. According to the statistics of Hakka Ganzhou, the new Hakka people in Nankang and other places account for 30%-40%. A few Hakka dialects in Fujian and Guangdong moved back in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Outside the central area, the circular area is mostly connected with Fujian and Guangdong, and its dialect basically maintains the characteristics of Hakka dialect in Fujian and Guangdong. A few places in Nankang, such as Tankou Town, speak Hakka dialect in Heyuan, Guangdong Province. \n: Eye: All the meanings of "hole" and "hole" in Putonghua are called "eye" in Nankang dialect except "eye". Begging: in addition to begging, it also means "passive", such as "I am surprised"; It means "marriage", such as "begging for a wife" in autumn: it means "depravity", which also leads to several meanings, such as "depravity", such as "tears"; It means "falling in the family fortune", such as "losing everything"; "Losing money" means "losing face"; and "losing face" means "losing face". 4. There are many synonyms of verbs in Nankang dialect. Different verbs with different objects have the same action meaning. For example, mai: the full-time verb for mai in Nankang dialect is mai, and there are other verbs for mai. Such as "scooping oil to buy oil", "cutting cloth to buy cloth", "catching pigs to buy piglets", "taking tea to buy Chinese medicine", "taking tofu to buy tofu" and "chopping pork to buy pork". In dialect, the verb to harvest crops is "harvest". Different crops are represented by other verbs. Such as "picking seeds from trees to pick camellia seeds", "picking beans to pick beans", "pulling peanuts to collect peanuts" and "cutting rapeseed to collect rapeseed". Chapter III Lexical Research 3. 1 Noun 3. Affix of 3. Noun affixes in Nankang dialect are quite distinctive, and the common affixes mainly include "Lao", "Zi", "Gong", "Po" and "Sick Child". (1) Prefix The noun affixes in Nankang Hakka dialect mainly have the prefix "Lao". The usage of "Lao" is very common, which can be used not only for people, but also for some animals, just like the usage in Mandarin. But there are also some words with the characteristics of Hakka dialect, such as: old man, big brother, little brother, big sister, little sister, husband, wife, old son, old cousin, old Geng, and the prefix "A" of children in those days, which is more common in Hakka dialect and less used in Nankang and its surrounding counties. The prefix "Agong \n Anzu" is still used sporadically in some villages in Nankang, and can also be used as a neutral meaningless suffix. For example, "short" and "high rise" can also be used as meaningless suffix affixes to form words. Male shrimp lh with nose and nose produced] As a suffix of individual nouns, male shrimp Lei Shu cat "Po" means "big" in addition to gender. Such as: big toe, such as: finger thumb. (3), guy“guy "is often used to indicate that people with some kind of physical defects often mean contempt. For example, affixes with Lm Yin 3 1, lame, carp Yin 3 1, polio patients and dumb people often represent men, or are used as generic terms when the gender is unknown. If the speaker knows or needs to point out that the patient is a woman, then the word "guy" should be replaced by the affix "woman". Such as "Sargam", "slut" and "old man" are often used as affixes to the professional names of people engaged in certain handicrafts. Because artisans in feudal society were discriminated against, this title also included contempt. For example, the affix "Lao" is also used to address people who are not born locally, and the suffix "Lao" can be added to the names of countries, provinces and counties, which often indicates disrespect. For example, Americans, Japanese, Cantonese, Fujian and Ganzhou people, some of whom were born locally, generally use the word "person" instead of "guy". For example, in Nankang dialect, the affix "Lao" means derogatory. However, nouns composed of "old" can rarely express intimate relations, and should be positive (such words cannot be called intimacy). Such as: Uncle T-shirt, u3 13] The old wife, brother, uncle and uncle Dong have 7 spoonfuls. The old father "Lao" can only do affixes and word formation in Nankang dialect.