What are the four most popular folk stories in China?

Enjoy the cool summer night, look at the blue sky and the twinkling Milky Way, point to the morning glory and Vega across the river, and listen to the beautiful story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl told by the old grandmother tirelessly ... People in China over middle age will have such beautiful memories-now the younger generation is increasingly alienated from these, "Meng Jiangnv is jealous, and the ugly duckling eats Kent chicken", and the materialistic world is bizarre and bizarre. May the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl not be "shocked" and leave a little purity for people. ?

The Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Queen Mother, weaving beautiful brocade for the sky. Cowherd is a hard-working and simple bitter child, abused by his brother and sister-in-law One day, the old cow suddenly spoke and told the cowherd that one day the fairies would take a bath in the lake, let him take the clothes of the Weaver Girl, and then give them back to her and propose to her. In this way, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl formed a happy little family. Later, the heavenly queen found out and broke up this beautiful marriage. Cowherd listened to the old cow, put on cowhide and chased after the sky with two children. The queen mother pulled out her hair and scratched it, and a Tianhe separated the couple alive. No matter how wide the Tianhe River is, it can only separate their bodies, but not their hearts. They crossed the river in tears, and finally moved the Queen Mother, allowing them to meet once a year on July 7, when all the magpies on the ground went to heaven, paving the way for this pair of lovers who will never die. Therefore, the performance of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is also called "Tianhe Match" or "Queqiao Club".

This is the basic content of the oldest and most popular folk myths and legends in China-however, this form has been completed for thousands of years. ?

The Book of Songs and Dadong recorded the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.

Han You, the sword has light. Weaver Yu (qǐ) has seven concubines a day. Although seven bags are not a newspaper, I (Humi ...) 65333?

It is said that the Tianhe in the sky should have light when used as a mirror that day. Vega, arranged in a triangle, kept swinging the shuttle all day to knit. However, weaving and weaving will never make it into heraldry. And that bright Altair can't be used to drive. According to Ren Fang's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, the Weaver Girl is the son of Heaven Emperor. She is busy weaving all the year round, and it is very hard. God pitied her for being alone and married her to Penny in Hexi. After their marriage, they were greedy for money and abandoned weaving, and the Emperor of Heaven was furious. They still send the Weaver Girl back to Hedong, and only let them meet once a year. From here, we can see the shadow of the story of Niu Nv in The Book of Songs. ?

During the Han and Wei Dynasties, the love story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl across the river has taken shape. Nineteen ancient poems, Altair is the most beautiful;

Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan girl. Slim hands, solid hands and sewing machines. All day, tears and rain. The river is clear and shallow, with many differences. Between water and water, there are no words.

Cong's Star, Zi Jian's Luo Shen Fu, Lu's Far-off Cowherd Star and Qixi Cowherd Fu all tell the story of Cowherd. ?

At the end of the Han Dynasty, Ying Shao's "Pass" has recorded the story of magpies bridging on Qixi: "The Weaver Girl crossed the river on Qixi, making magpies a bridge. It is said that on the seventh day, the magpie's head was embarrassed for no reason, because Liang Yi crossed the Weaver Girl. " From the Chronicle of Jingchu written by Emperor lǐn of the Southern Dynasties, it can be seen that in folk customs, the story of cowherd and weaver girl meeting on Qixi has been combined with women's begging habits. Begging for cleverness has a long history, which is recorded in Miscellanies of Xijing. Moreover, this activity is not limited to Tanabata, and later it is integrated into the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. By the Tang Dynasty, this story and custom had spread from the folk to the palace. "Long Hate Legend" says: "Tianbao (Yang Guifei) has been spending the summer in Lishan Palace for ten years. In autumn and July, Morning Glory and Weaver Girl met ... It's almost midnight ... Standing on their shoulders alone, they vowed to be husband and wife for life because of their feelings for Niu Girl. Then he held hands and sobbed. " Bai Letian's Song of Everlasting Sorrow also said: "On the seventh day of July, in the palace of longevity, we told each other in secret in the quiet midnight world. In heaven, I wish I were a wing bird, growing together on the earth, two branches of a tree ... "The theme of" Da Le "was named by the dramatist of the Qing Dynasty with the Palace of Eternal Life. ?

For thousands of years, the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has been deeply loved by people. It has been enriched and developed by the people in the process of spreading, making it more and more close to the life of working people, and more and more full of life breath and human touch. It was created through the accumulation of several generations, forming the face of today. ?

Meng Jiangnv cries the Great Wall?

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying at the Great Wall is one of the most popular folklore in China. For more than two thousand years, word of mouth, classic writing, string playing, drama playing. Until today, it has been put on the screen and spread by various media, and it is almost a household name, known to all women and children.

How did Meng Jiangnv's story come into being, spread and evolve?

The story of Meng Jiangnv took place in Qi State. Qi is a vassal state of Jiang Taigong. Anyone who has seen the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty will know that the "X Ginger" in the book has always been a Qi native. Meng is the eldest daughter of the Jiang family. Her story was first seen in Zuo Zhuan. Jiang Meng was the wife of Qi Liang, a general of the State of Qi, who died in Jun 'an in 549 BC. Qi Zhuanggong met Jiang Meng outside the primary school and expressed condolences to her. Jiang Meng thought that the countryside was not a place for mourning and refused to accept it, so Zhuang Gong accepted her suggestion and went to her house to offer condolences. Besides being polite, Jiang Meng also recorded that he was good at crying. Chunyu Kun said: "It has become a national custom for the wife of Qi Liang to cry her husband." Jiang Meng's cry tune was born in Qi. ?

In the Western Han Dynasty, it was recorded that Meng Jiangnv "cried for her husband's death and the city collapsed" (Liu Xiang's "Shuo Yuan" and "Biography of Lienv"). As for where wailing wall is, although there are different opinions about Cheng Ju, Qi Liang and Liang Shan, they are all in one place, not the Great Wall of Wan Li in Qin Dynasty. According to Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics, it was Cheng Ju that Meng Jiangnu cried and collapsed. ? About the Tang Dynasty, this theme evolved into the story of Meng Jiangnu's crying and collapsing the Great Wall in Wan Li, and it was today's humble appearance. Zhou moved the story to Yan State, where he was named Meng Zhongzi and Qi Liang became Qi Liang. Qi Liang strayed into Meng Chao's backyard to avoid the battle of building a city. Meng Nv Tadao is taking a bath. The ancient people had a very strong concept of chastity, and only the husband could see their daughter's body, so they got married. Later, Qi Liang returned to the site of the Great Wall and was executed and buried under it. So Zhong Zi went all the way to find her husband, cried and collapsed the Great Wall, sprinkled blood on many bones to examine them, and finally got her husband's body. ? archaic

Frequent wars, heavy corvee and resentment against divorced women are traditional themes. Chen Lin wrote "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" at the end of the Han Dynasty: "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Shui Han hurts the bones of horses. When you claim to be an official of the Great Wall, don't stay in Taiyuan ... You can't see the Great Wall alone, and the bones of the deceased lean against each other? " Since then, poets of all ages have praised it. The Wife of Qi Liang written by Guan Xiu, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, actually recited Meng Jiangnv's Crying for the Great Wall. Later, many poets wrote this theme, which contributed to the widespread spread of this story. ?

Since the Yuan Dynasty, the story of Meng Jiangnv has been put on the stage. Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun and Zhong Sicheng's Record of Ghosts both recorded this point. In these operas, Jiang Meng was transformed into Meng Jiangnv, and Qi Liang gave birth to Qi Liang, Fan Qiliang, Fan Xilang, Fan Xilang and Wan Xiliang.

With the spread of Meng Jiangnu's story, the upsurge of temple building has arisen everywhere. It is known that the earliest temple of Meng Jiangnu was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, and auspicious symbols and Jia in the Northern Song Dynasty were found in Xu Shui, Hebei Province and Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province. During the years, the stone tablet of Jiangnu Temple was rebuilt. Many local chronicles describe Meng Jiangnv as a native, and Linzi, Tongguan (Tongchuan), An Su (Xu Shui), Shanhaiguan and Tongguan all have the tombs of Meng Jiangnv. When Shanghai was building a road in the late Qing Dynasty, a sarcophagus was dug at the foot of the old north gate, with a stone statue lying in the middle and the word "Wan Qiliang" on the chest, which was buried when Shanghai was building a city during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. According to Meng Jiangxian's treasure scroll, the first emperor built the Great Wall, and Taibaixing sang nursery rhymes: "There are thousands of happiness in Gusu, and one person can overcome many deaths. After the Great Wall is sealed, it will be king, and the Great Wall of Wan Li will last forever. " The story of Meng Jiangnv crying over the Great Wall for her husband was triggered by her desire to escape from the beam. Qin Huang allowed Jiang Meng to do three things: build a bridge, build a grave, and cry for sacrifice. Jiang Meng condemned the tyrant and drowned. In this story, Meng Jiangnv became a Songjiang person. ?

Meng Jiangnv's story reflects the people's hatred of feudal tyranny and their desire and pursuit of a free and happy life. After more than 2,000 years of spread and evolution, it has become what it is today. ?

The legend of white snake?

The legend of the white snake is also a beautiful legend created by the people after hundreds of years of accumulation. It has been on the stage for a long time. Stories such as "Wandering the Lake", "Stealing Fairy Grass", "Flooding the Golden Mountain", "Broken Bridge" and "Sacrificing the Tower" are well known to the public. Even Jinshan Temple, Leifeng Pagoda and Broken Bridge have become famous places, mostly because of it. ?

Feng Menglong's Legend of the White Snake is the earliest one that can be seen now. In previous legends, the white snake essence was a fierce monster. He was tired of playing with men and ate his heart. The theme of the story is just to tell people that shemale can't live in * * *. The white lady in a cautionary tale is personified, and she persistently pursues love, freedom and happiness. Xu Xian, by contrast, is a soft ear and a little ungrateful. On hearing other people's gossip, he wavered and changed his mind. On several occasions, he even asked people to use magic to expel and subdue the white snake. Finally, following Fahai's encouragement, he personally covered his wife with a alms bowl and went to the Leifeng Pagoda during the Yongzheng period. The main contradiction in the story is the contradiction between White Snake and Xu Xian, and the contradiction between spoony woman and heartbreaker. From the story of "The White Snake" by Shi Jing, we can see the trace of the evolution of this traditional theme. ?

In the process of spreading the story of the White Snake, the anti-feudal theme gradually emerged. In the drama Legend of Leifeng Pagoda in the early Qing Dynasty, the contradiction between White Snake and Fahai became the main contradiction, and Fahai, as a representative of feudal forces, became the chief culprit in destroying Bai Xu's marriage. The plots of "Stealing Grass" and "Fighting with Water" strengthen the white snake's character of going through fire and water for love. Xu Xian's image has also changed a lot. "Although white is a demon, I am very kind. It's ungrateful to witness the injury today. Alas, feud is a bitter battle, and I just realized it today. Disciple is heartbroken and willing to become a monk with Master. " This is his last confession. ?

The anti-feudal theme of the story has been further clarified in the biography of the righteous demon and the biography of the white snake. "Xu Xian thought, the monk is too fierce. If my wife is a monster, it's none of your business. You can have an afterlife today, and share my husband and wife. In his famous work On the Collapse of Leifeng Pagoda, Mr. Lu Xun once mentioned the Tanci Legend of the Demon of Righteousness, saying, "You might as well go to the seaside of Wuyue Mountain and listen to public opinion. Where are Fu Tian, Ye Lao, silkworm girls and villagers, except for a little sick in the brain, who doesn't take the blame for Bai Niangniang and blame Fahai for too many things? " For hundreds of years, it is the continuous creation of "Tian Lao, Silkworm Girl Village Meng" that has sublimated the legend of White Snake in art and completed its theme of criticizing feudalism and praising freedom and love.

Fairy couple?

The story of Yong Dong has been around for a long time. Since 1950s, due to the release of Huangmei Opera film "Fairy Couples" starring Yan Fengying, this story has spread all over the country rapidly, forming a "fairy couple fever". Today, at large and small parties, "husband and wife come to meet" and "I'll bring water to water your garden" are still popular aria that men, women and children can hum a few words. Does Yong Dong exist or not? Which dynasty did his story come from?

Yong Dong's story has its origin, which can be found in three or four earlier books, books, notes and subsets. It is generally believed that he is a thousand-ride in Qingzhou in Han Dynasty. In today's Lubei, there are different opinions about the location of the story where he sold himself to bury his father and met an immortal. ?

The Records of Xiaogan County, Hubei Province (the eighth year of Guangxu) records that Yong Dong Qingzhou Qiancheng lost his mother in his early years and suffered the Yellow Scarf Uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty. They lived there as servants with their father, and later there was a story about betraying themselves to bury their father and the Lu Yu fairy. "The Southern Song Dynasty named it Xiaochang". Xiaogan County Annals compiled between Shunzhi and Kangxi is also said to be "analyzing the establishment of Xiaochang County to the east of Anlu County according to the reason of Yong Dong, the filial son of the late Han Dynasty". After the Five Dynasties, Xiaochang County was changed to Xiaogan County. Filial piety touches the world because of filial piety. Filial piety, filial piety or filial piety is a prominent word in the local records of official training. ?

Yong Dong's story is also recorded in the famous notebook novel Seeking God. "Han Yong Dong, thousands of people, less times lonely, divide the fields, deer car (father). When my father died, he sold himself for the funeral without burial ... "?

Wei's long poem "Five Drums of Ganoderma lucidum" sang the story of the dutiful son and wrote: "Poor, the father's wealth is exhausted. Leave to raise, the commission is sweet and fat. I don't know what to do. Heaven is inspired by virtue, and the goddess is the master. " It can be seen that Yong Dong's story has been widely circulated in the late Han Dynasty, and it may have come into being earlier. ?

The story of Yong Dong is also recorded in the Taiping Magnolia compiled during the Taiping and Xingguo years in the Northern Song Dynasty: The Picture of Liu Xiangxiao ... In the pre-Han Dynasty, Dong Yong lost his mother and adopted his father alone with thousands of passengers in Qian Qian. When his father died, he borrowed 10 thousand yuan from others, always saying that the owner of the money said,' If you have no money to pay your husband back in the future, you should be a slave.' The Lord is very sympathetic. If you get money to bury your father forever, you will be a slave, meet a woman on the road and seek to be a permanent wife. Yong said,' If you are poor and a slave now, how dare you marry?' The woman said,' I would like to be husband and wife, and I am not ashamed of being poor.' Always bring women to. The money owner said,' There is only one person in this statement. How can there be two today?' Yong said,' One word wins two, why is it good?' The Lord asked his eternal wife, "What can I do?" The wife said,' I can knit ears.' The Lord said,' If you know all the books for me, let your husband and wife go.' In this way, Sotheby's had a thousand silk feet in ten days. The Lord was surprised and let the couple go. When I get to this meeting place, I will always say,' I am the weaver girl of heaven, and I feel filial to you, and the angel will repay me. You are in charge now, so I can't stop for long. At the end of the speech, the clouds hung down and flew away. "Liu Xiang, a famous scholar and bibliographer in the Western Han Dynasty, Xuanjian and Cheng Jian. What he wrote must be true, so Yong Dong's story should happen in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty at the latest.