Lu Xun's meaning of "self-mockery" is added to the full text, urgent, urgent, preferably today! ! ! !

"Look at a thousand fingers coldly, bow down and be a willing ox" is a famous sentence in Lu Xun's poem "Self-mockery". For a long time, the authoritative explanation is that "obedience" refers to the people and "condemnation" refers to the enemy. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, there have been many discussions on this issue. Last year, in the fifth issue of Essays, Mr. Wang talked about "a willing ox" in his article "What do a thousand fingers complain about?" He thought that "a thousand fingers in Lu Xun's poems are a thousand fingers", which of course referred to the Kuomintang reactionaries and all evil forces at that time. But the' enemy' is not a condemned man, but a person accused by a condemned man. "This, of course, is also a statement.

But my opinion is just the opposite. I think the "condemned prisoner" in the poem refers to a large number of people who opposed Lu Xun in those days. They can't be called enemies, but it's hard to say they are not enemies. The main reason for Lu Xun's "bashful look" is their unreasonable accusations, accusations and accusations. As for the person who is accused by thousands of people, I think Lu Xun's original intention is only to talk about himself.

Wang Wen quoted Lu Xun 193 1 February 4, "But if you accuse three people, your mother will be suspicious. As thousands of people have pointed out, they died without illness. Born in this life, I don't know what I will hear in the future. " Wang Wen has clearly stated in Hanshu Wong Kar-wai that "a condemned man will not get sick even after he dies". What about "three complaints, good mother doubts" Looking up the Warring States Policy Qin Ce II, there is such a record: "The former dynasty paid money to kill a person with the same name, and someone told his mother,' I once participated in the murder'." Ceng Zi's mother said, "A gentleman doesn't kill people. Self-organizing. After a while, people said,' I participated in the murder.' His mother is still at ease. One of them told him again,' I participated in the murder.' His mother got scared and jumped over the wall and left. "One by one, some people say that they are involved in killing people, and even his old mother has to believe and be afraid.

Why did Lu Xun use these two allusions here? In order not to take it out of context, a large paragraph related to the original letter is quoted below for reference.

Since my trip to Shanghai, I have been cautious and prepared, and I can hardly live. I am speechless. But I used to write, aiming at innovation, so I can't get rid of it. I am also a member of the Left-wing Writers' Union. However, the clowns in Shanghai's literary world want to take the opportunity to get stuck in it. We haven't made a scandal for a long time and tried to slander. Laugh at its boredom. In the middle of last month, dozens of young people were arrested here, one of whom was my student. (or there is a man in the cloud who calls himself Lu) Gossip arrested me because of rumors. Correspondents generate electricity all over the country, and tabloid reporters slander me, or contain my charges, or state my address to satirize the authorities and search them. In fact, I am squatting in the sun without a plan, and my generation is not ignorant. Shanghainese often gloat over people's dangers and think they can help. Talk about Liu Wang (Huang) falling in love before, then drowning, and then Ms. Xiao was raped, and now it's my turn to be arrested. The scholar shook his pen with little force, which caused me great trouble. The old mother cried, but the good friend was shocked. Since 10, the amendment 10 is very sad. Fortunately, I have nothing to do today, so I can release my thoughts. However, after three complaints, Xianhui's mother became suspicious. As thousands of people have pointed out, they died without illness. Born in this life, I don't know what will happen in the future. ..... According to the original text, Lu Xun Ziyun was "squatting in the sun without a plan" in Shanghai, but he was still slandered by literary clowns, correspondents, tabloid reporters and others. Once the machine is framed, even the "mother swallows tears", then "three accusations, the virtuous mother is suspicious; Death without illness ",referred to by thousands of people, can only be understood as Lu Xun's own situation full of grief and indignation." During this period, in his letters to Wei Suyuan, Jing and others, Lu Xun also mentioned many times that "everyone strives for gold and is prepared for danger in times of peace", "I have been attacked all the time since I came to Shanghai" and "I have been rumored by ordinary boring literati for a long time", which should be used as a reference.

In fact, Lu Xun has a passage in the preface of Three Leisure Collections, which is at least equally noteworthy. The exact words are:

..... In 2007, I was dumbfounded by blood and left Guangdong. Those who hesitated and didn't have the courage to say it were all included in Si Er. But when I arrived in Shanghai, I was besieged by literary giants. People in the "gentleman's" creative society, Sun Society and Crescent Society all say that I am not good. Even those gentlemen who don't flaunt literary genre are now promoted to writers or professors. At that time, they often secretly mocked me in their articles to show their cleverness. I thought it was just "leisure is money", "feudal remnants" or "decline", but it was later judged as a great drink that advocated killing young people. At this time, Liao Jun, who escaped from Ziyun in Guangdong and stayed in my apartment, finally said angrily to me, "All my friends look down on me and don't come and go with me, saying that I live with such people."

In this preface, he even said that he would "compile" his opponent's words into a book called Collection of Encirclement and Suppression. Then, being "besieged" by many people is not in the position of "condemnation"! Therefore, I think that the "thousand-handed man" in Lu Xun's Poem Heart in those days should include some people from the Creation Society, Sun Society and Crescent Society, in addition to the "clown", "correspondent" and "tabloid reporter". The situation of this large number of people at that time was different from the subsequent development and changes. But whether I am an enemy or a friend, I have stood on the opposite side of Lu Xun to varying degrees, mocking, satirizing, mocking, even abusing and attacking him, and even trying to frame Lu Xun.

Now, we can also see how Lu Xun's "self-mockery" turned into poetry.

On 1932 10/2, Lu Xun recorded the following contents in his diary:

In the afternoon, there was a banner of Liu Yazi's book, which said, "What can I do for the canopy? You dare not turn over, you have already met. An old hat covers the downtown area, and a broken boat carries wine. Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers, Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children. Hiding in the small building into a unified, regardless of winter Xia Chunqiu. Duff enjoyed the meal, and idle people stole half a couplet to make up a uniform to please Bo Yunyun.

Obviously, this poem has a direct relationship with "Duff enjoying the meal". Ancient literati's elegant collection, modern writers' dinner narration, and peer gathering. Many poems and songs often sprout with laughter at dinner, or improvise or recall afterwards. The same is true of Lu Xun's poem Self-mockery. About this dinner, Lu Xun recorded in the diary of10.5 a week ago:

In the morning, I went to the hospital with Guangping and Yinghai and paid 8 yuan 40 cents. ..... In the evening, damien duff and Xia Ying were invited to drink in Jufeng Garden. At the same table were Liu Yazi and his wife, damien duff's brother and sister-in-law, and Lin Weiyin.

Why did Yu Dafu's treat arouse Lu Xun's interest in doggerel and call himself "idle man"? This is related to the topic at the dinner.

This dinner was hosted by Yu Dafu and Wang Yingxia, and the main guests should be Lu Xun and Xu Guangping. Mr. and Mrs. Liu Yazi are accompanying guests, and Yu Dafu's sister-in-law Yu Hua (Mantuo) and Chen Bicen are semi-hosts and semi-guests. Lin Weiyin is a young man of literature and art, which may be related to Yu Dafu. He took the opportunity to follow Yu Dafu to see Lu Xun. About that dinner, Yu Dafu, Wang Yingxia, Liu Yazi and Chen Bicen all have some memories afterwards. But what was said at the dinner table led to the writing of Lu Xun's poem "Self-mockery", but it was vague. Just 19561February 6, in Xinmin Daily Evening News, there was a short article entitled "The First Pen of Cowboy", which mentioned a conversation between Yu and Lu. The original text is as follows:

When Lu Xun arrived, Duff played a joke on him and said, "You have worked hard these days."

"Well," Lu Xun replied with a smile, "I can answer you with two conjunctions that I thought of yesterday. This is:' Look at a thousand fingers with cold eyes and bow your head as a willing ox'. "

"It seems that your Gai Huayun is still open?" Duff continues to tease like this.

"Well, to tell you this, I made half a couplet again, and I can make up a little poem." Lu Xun said. (Press: Lu Xun said stealing half a couplet, the first sentence "What are you going to send to Gai Hua?" ) At the end of the banquet, Duff took out a plain silk and wrote an inscription for everyone present. Lu Xun's topic is the two sentences mentioned above.

The author of this article signed "Yin Wei", or Lin Weiyin. If so, the memory should have some credibility. In the letters to Li on February 4th and April 5th of 193 1 year, Lu Xun lamented that "thousands of people pointed out that they died without illness" and made a statement of "Try harder and be a willing cow", so it is possible to "cross the eyebrows and be cold" and "bow and scrape". Moreover, "stealing half a couplet" seems to be worse than stealing on the spot with a solution. If that's the case, it doesn't seem necessary to state here. A scholar in the Qing Dynasty quoted in Hong's "Poetry in the North of the Yangtze River", "If you are drunk or butterfly in become a butterfly, your meal is full of fragrance." However, Wei Wen is just an orphan, which is not easy to deal with.

However, I think that the combination of "bashing one's brow coldly" and "bowing" must be related to the two main topics at this dinner.

First of all, an important topic should be about welcoming the sea. It is normal for old friends to have dinner occasionally, greet each other and ask each other about their children. Yu Dafu's treat this time. Did Xu Guangping go? Wang Yingxia has an article recalling that she has been there. She is the client, so what she said should be credible. But I don't think Xu Guangping went. There are two reasons: First, when Lu Xun goes out for activities, whenever Xu Guangping is here, he will keep a diary, but not this time; Secondly, the diary of this day records that Xu Guangping and I took Yinghai to the hospital in the morning. Then it is understandable that Xu Guangping and her son didn't attend Yu Dafu's dinner. In this way, the condition and current situation of Lu Xun's beloved son facing the sea will naturally become the center of everyone's attention.

As we all know, the relationship between Lu Xun and the Creation Society is not harmonious. In the preface of the pseudo-free book, he said: "I have always avoided the characters in the creation society. This is not only because of the special attack on me, but also because of personal attacks. Most of them fall on their "creative" faces. ..... full of pride, as if even sweating and sneezing are' creation'. " However, as one of the unique founders of Creation Society, Yu Dafu is an exception in the eyes of Lu Xun. "I first met Mr. Duff, and I didn't see such creative spirit on my face, so I just chatted casually when I met; ……"

Lu Xun said simply here. In fact, since the late 1920s, his personal relationship with Yu Dafu has been very thick. At that time, Yu Dafu quit the creation society and did not participate in the "encirclement and suppression" of Lu Xun. Instead, he founded Riverrun magazine with Lu Xun, which was a great event in the literary world at that time. In 1930s, the two families often exchanged information, visited each other and participated in some social activities together, which were recorded in Lu Xun's diary. Yinghai was born on1September 27th, 929. Since then, she has recorded "Here comes Duff" or "Come with Wang Yingxia" many times. Therefore, in Yu Dafu's later articles recalling Lu Xun, he vividly described the naughtiness he saw and Lu Xun's love for welcoming the sea.

Based on this, I dare to guess that meeting the sea must be the first topic of this dinner. Then the sentence "bow your head and be a willing ox" should be logical, or it should have been written with your heart or a brainwave. By the way, it's ok to interpret "obedient boy" as "people" and only evaluate Lu Xun politically, but it doesn't conform to Lu Xun's original intention of writing this poem.

Secondly, I think another more important topic of this dinner should be the publication of three leisure books. Three Ji Xian collected Lu Xun's prose from 1927 to 1929, which was first published by Shanghai North New Bookstore in September 1932. According to Lu Xun's diary, on September 4th this year, I received a letter from Xiaofeng, and got royalties 150 yuan, three idle books and 20 volumes. Since then, he has continued to distribute this book to friends such as Xu Shoushang, Tai Jingnong, Li and Zeng Tian. 10.2, that is, three days before Yu Dafu treated me, Lu Xun wrote in his diary: "In the morning, Dafu came to give me a Liu Tie, Destruction and three light books."

Imagine that after Yu Dafu got this book, he must first read the "preface" in front of the book, and then read Lu Xun's articles such as "Drunk Eyes" and "My Attitude and Age" to counter the ridicule and attack of the creation society. So, at a dinner party three days later, Yu and Lu talked about the newly published Three Leisure Collections, and everyone would recall Lu Xun's creative experiences in 1928 and 1929.

It should also be noted that the title of this poem by Lu Xun is "Self-mockery". Those who laugh at themselves are laughing at themselves. If the condemned prisoners are understood as vicious enemies, or those who accuse the condemned prisoners as Kuomintang reactionaries and all evil forces, and obedient children as the proletariat and the masses of the people, then the meaning of self-mockery associated with "bashing one's eyebrows coldly" will be completely lost. I became a condemned man. Among the "condemned prisoners", there are all gentlemen who advocate revolutionary literature, but it is my son's cow facing the sea who "obeys". It's like "self-mockery".

In his personal relationship with the creation society gentlemen, Lu Xun may be the most critical of Cheng. 1929, Sun Society besieged Lu Xun and did its best. He once ridiculed that "our Mr. Lu Xun copied his' old story' under the canopy" and "what he holds is leisure, leisure and leisure, and the third leisure". These words probably left a deep impression on Lu Xun. Until 1935 1 24, Lu Xun wrote a preface for the reprint of this novel, which wrote:

"A Brief History of China's Novels was printed. At the request of Xiaoyou, I took the old news of so-called popular novels that historians dismissed in the past, and paid the typography fee with a little attention, so that although the knowledge was narrow, it was not resold, and the students got it, which was enough to save the trouble of re-finding. If you are a fool at sea, you will make a loud noise, which is a proof of leisure, which is also a proof of wealth. Then you can dance on one waist and talk wildly. "

Still talking about it. "Three Idle Sets", the preface says more clearly:

"I will compile a brief history of China's novels and print it as a copy of the Old Story. In the name of the proletariat, Cheng refers to leisure. There are three kinds of leisure, but we can't forget them completely. I don't think the proletariat will have such an induction. They haven't learned "knife and pencil". It was edited as "Three Leisure Sets" and is still imitated by shooting. "

In this way, not only "Duff invited rice" fell to the ground, but also "idle people vying for oil". The leisure of "idle people" is the leisure of "three sets of leisure", that is, the leisure. Then when Lu Xun calls himself an idle person, he must be "still imitating me". Three months after dinner, 1933 1 month 10, Lu Xun gave Yu Dafu two poems written by himself. One of them is Answer the Guest: "Ruthlessness is not necessarily a hero. How can Reiko Kobayakawa not be a husband? " If you know if you are screaming, you will look smaller when you look back. "Nine days later, on 1 month 19, Lu Xun received two poems written by Yu Dafu, which read:" Go to a restaurant drunk and hesitate to shout for two hours; "These blind people try their best not to waste rivers, lakes and seas." These two poems are related to Yinghai and St. Ji Xian, which may be regarded as the aftermath of the topic of dinner. They were searched online for reference only.