The reason why Wen Jian of Ming Dynasty lost to Judy in Jingnan.

The battle of Jingnan was a battle for the throne within the ruling class that broke out shortly after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. From the first year (1399), the prince of Yan rebelled against the imperial court in the name of "the evil of clearing the border", and was succeeded by the prince in four years, which lasted four years. Zhu Yuanzhang, who was ascended to the throne by the leader of the peasant uprising, tried to strengthen the autocratic monarchy on the one hand, and firmly held the military and political power in the hands of the emperor on the other, trying to strengthen the power of the royal family itself by enfeoffing the kings. He sent his 24 sons and 1 prince from Sun, stationed in various strategic locations in the country, hoping to screen the royal family through them. Zhu Yuanzhang put it this way: "The world is big, so it is necessary to build a fan screen to protect the country and protect the people. Since today's philosophers are long, they should have their own titles, which are divided into towns and countries. " From the point of view of the country, there are two main types of these princes, one is intra-abdominal and the other is frontier fortress. The blocked king set up a palace and a butler in his fief, and his status was extremely high. When princes and princes meet, they all bow down and dare not salute. Every vassal king has enough food and stones and has military command. In Wang Fu, there is a Prince's Guard Command post, which is in charge of the guards of the three armed forces, with 3,000 guards and 0/9,000 guards.

Because the frontier kings shoulder the heavy responsibility of defending against the invasion of Mongolian nobles, there are many guards. Judy, the prince of Beiping, supported more than 65.438 million people, and Daning Wang Ning "had 80,000 armour and 6,000 wagons". They are responsible for building cities and reclaiming farmland, training general soldiers, patrolling key points and supervising the construction of military equipment in the frontier fortress. The king of Jin and the prince of Yan went out to the fortress many times and defeated the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, which was especially important. The generals in the army were all under their control, and even the two kings were specially ordered to break the small things themselves and report the big things to the court. Especially the prince of Yan, because of his outstanding achievements, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to "control the frontier horse" and occupied a unique position. The expansion of vassal power will inevitably pose a threat to the central government. When Zhu Yuanzhang sealed the kings, a man named Ye Boju pointed out that the influence of the princes was too heavy, and it would be too great to lose them after several generations. I am afraid that it will lead to the tragedy of the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" in the Han Dynasty and the "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, reminding Zhu Yuanzhang to "reduce the capital system, reduce guards and limit the territory." Zhu Yuanzhang not only refused to listen to advice, but put Ye in prison and executed him.

The development of the situation far exceeded Ye Boju's expectation. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the contradiction between the central government and the captaincy broke out immediately. In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), Prince Zhu Biao died of illness, and Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunwen, the eldest son of the Prince, the great grandson of the emperor. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang died, and Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as his emperor. When Zhu Yunwen was the emperor's great-grandson, he was dissatisfied with the captaincy, so he discussed with his Bandu and Huang Zicheng the measures to separate the vassals. That is, after he ascended the throne, he adopted the suggestions of ministers Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, and decided to cut the titles of several weaker princes first, and then operate on the strongest prince Judy, so that the princes could not control the civil and military officials. Contradictions within the royal family quickly intensified. Wen Jian ordered his generals to keep an eye on Judy and seize the opportunity to arrest him. When Judy got the news, she immediately lured and killed the general who came to carry out the surveillance and arrest mission, and rose up in July in Jian (1399) to rebel against the imperial court.

When Zhu Yuanzhang was in power, he was afraid that the powerful minister would usurp power, and stipulated that Francisco Wang Youquan should beg traitors from the central authorities and send troops to Jun Qing. He said in the "Instructions for Imperial Ancestors": "When there are no officials and ministers in the DPRK, there must be traitors among them, and they will send troops to punish them in order to clear the monarch." Based on this, Judy called Ji Tai and Huang Zicheng treacherous court officials and called their behavior "Jingnan", which means Jingnan. Therefore, in history, it is called the "Jingnan War" of the internal struggle of the royal family in Zhu Ming. Soon after Judy set out, she captured Juyongguan, Huailai and Miyun in the north of Peiping and Jizhou, Zunhua and Yongping (now Lulong, Hebei) in the east, eliminating the periphery of Peiping, eliminating worries and making it easy to deal with the curious teachers of the imperial court. After Zhu Yuanzhang wantonly killed the heroes, the imperial court had nothing to offer, so he had to use the surviving veteran, Geng Bingwen, who was nearly old and thin, as the general, and led10.3 million troops to cut the swallow. In August of the first year of Wen Jian, he studied in the Hutuo River area of Hebei Province. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the prince took the confederate army by surprise, broke through Xiongxian County and defeated the confederate pioneers. Then, on the north bank of the Hutuo River, the main force of the Southern Army was defeated.

On the recommendation of Huang Zicheng, Wen Jian heard that Geng Bingwen was defeated, so he appointed Li Jinglong as the general to fight against Yan Jun instead of Geng Bingwen. Li Jinglong, originally the son of Kao, knew nothing about soldiers, and was "arrogant when he was narrow-minded and arrogant when he was insatiable." In September, Li Jinglong went to Dezhou to collect Geng Bingwen's skirmishers and dispatch all kinds of charger, totaling 500,000, and arrived at the river. When he discovered the deployment of Li Jinglong's army, he said with a smile: Sun Tzu's Art of War failed five times, all of which were caused by Li, and his soldiers were bound to fail. This is that the decree is not repaired, and he is centrifugal up and down; Soldiers don't adapt to the frost and snow climate in Beiping, and lack food and grass; Regardless of risks and ease, in-depth profitability; Eager to win, headstrong, but lacking wisdom and trust, benevolence and courage; His department is full of rabble and disunity. In order to lure the enemy deeper, Judy decided that Yao would help the prince stay in Peiping, and personally led a large army to rescue Yongping, who was attacked by Liaodong Army, and warned: "Li Jinglong should only stick to it and not go out." Judy also withdrew the troops from Lugouqiao. Facts have proved that Judy's measures are effective. Li Jinglong heard that Judy led an army to aid Yongping and came to Peiping at the gates in October. When I passed the Lugou Bridge, I was delighted to see that there were no guards. I don't think Judy can leave the bridge unguarded.

At this point, Zhu Gaochi was closely deployed in the city of Peiping, desperate guards. Li Jinglong, on the other hand, was lax in command, made mistakes in command, and besieged the city several times, all of which were repelled. Qu Neng, commander-in-chief of the Confederate army, led more than a thousand soldiers to kill Zhang Yemen, but the support failed and he had to stop attacking. Because of Li Jinglong's greed, Qu missed the opportunity to wait for the big troops to attack together. Yan Jun got a rest, splashing water on the wall for the night, and it was bitterly cold. Confederate troops could not attack the city until the next day. After Judy rescued Yongping, she led an army to Daning (now the west of Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia). Daning is a vassal state of Zhu Quan, king of Ning, belonging to Duoyan Zhu Wei, mostly Mongolian cavalry, who are brave and good at fighting. After Judy attacked Daning, she returned to Peiping with Wang Ning, and merged Wang Ning's men and the army of Duoyan Sanwei.

In November, Judy returned to the suburbs of Peiping with these elite troops and advanced to Li Jinglong's military camp. Yan Jun was attacked from both inside and outside, and the Confederate army failed. Li Jinglong took the lead in escaping by night and retreating to Texas. The next day, the soldiers heard that the commander-in-chief had escaped, "but abandoned the soldiers' food and ran south for a day and a night." "He was blinded by the minister, but rewarded the defeated Li Jinglong. In April of the second year of Wen Jian (1400), Li Jinglong, together with Guo Ying and Wu Jie, assembled 600,000 soldiers, claiming to be millions, and arrived at Baigou River (now Xiongxian North, Hebei Province). Judy ordered Changyu, Zhu Neng, Chen Heng and Qiu Fu to lead more than 100,000 troops to attack Baigou River. The fighting was fierce, and Yan Jun was once frustrated. However, the Yugoslav army has different decrees and cannot take the opportunity to expand the results.

Yan Jun took advantage of this favorable opportunity to defeat the commander of the Confederacy, and the Confederate army was defeated. Li Jinglong retreated from Texas again. Yan Jun followed him to Texas. In May, Li Jinglong fled from Texas to Jinan. Judy led the Yan army in pursuit and defeated more than ten unstable people led by Li Jinglong in Jinan. Jinan was rescued by Governor Sheng Yong and Shandong Ambassador Tie Xuan. Judy besieged Jinan in March and then retreated to Peiping. When Li Jinglong was defeated again and again, his position as general was removed and Sheng Yong took over.

In September of Wen Jian's second year, Sheng Yong led his troops to the Northern Expedition. In October, he went to Cangzhou and was defeated by Yan Jun. /kloc-in October/February, Yan Jun went to Linqing, Guantao, Daming, Wenshang and Jining in Shandong. Sheng Yong led the Confederate army to prepare for battle in Dongchang (now Liaocheng, Shandong). Yan Jun defeated his enemies many times, but he was defeated by the Confederate army. Judy's trusted general Changyu died in the war, and Judy was surrounded by herself, so he was able to break through with the help of Zhu Neng reinforcements. The battle of Dongchang was the first major victory of the Confederate army since the two sides fought. After the defeat, Judy concluded: In the Battle of Dongchang, you retreated immediately after receiving the battle order, and all your previous achievements will be wasted. In the future, we must not underestimate the enemy and retreat. We must be desperate and not afraid of life and death and defeat the enemy. In the third year of Wen Jian's reign (140 1), in February, Judy led the army to attack and defeated the confederate army in Hutuo River, Jiahe River and Calm. Then it captured Shunde, Guangping and Daming.

Although the Yan army won many cities, it often fell and could not be consolidated. Just as Judy was worried about this, the eunuch of Nanjing court who was dissatisfied with Wen Jian heard that Nanjing was empty and suitable for direct entry. Based on this, Judy decided to transfer troops south and point to the capital. In the first month of Wen Jian's fourth year (1402), Yan Jun entered Shandong, bypassed Jinan, broke Dong 'e, Wenshang and Zouxian, and reached Peixian and Xuzhou. In April, the Yan army arrived in Suzhou, and attacked the South Army in Qimeishan (now Lingbi County, Anhui Province), and the Yan army was defeated. The two sides confronted each other at the Fei River. At the critical moment of this decisive battle, influenced by some ministers' suggestions, Wen Jian transferred the troops led by Xu Huizu back to Nanjing, weakening the military strength at the front, and the grain transportation of the Confederate army was intercepted by the Yan army. Yanjun seized the opportunity and defeated the Confederate army in Lingbi, only capturing hundreds of Confederate generals. Since then, the morale of the Yan army has been greatly boosted, and the Confederate army has been greatly weakened.

Judy led the army across the Huaihe River, captured Yangzhou, Gaoyou, Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu), Taizhou and other important places, and prepared to cross the river. Wen Jian tried to make peace with the Prince on the condition that the North and the South were divided, but was rejected. On June 3rd, Yan Jun crossed the river from Guazhou and arrived at Jinchuan Gate on 13. Li Jinglong, who was guarding Jinchuan Gate, and Judy, the king of Valley, opened the door to meet the enemy. When the Prince of Yan entered Beijing, hundreds of officials knelt on the side of the road to meet him. With the support of ministers, he became emperor for the sake of Ming Chengzu and Yongle's title. The four-year "Battle of Jingnan" ended with the victory of Rebecca Judy. Although the war is over, its related history is developing. After the prince entered Beijing, the palace caught fire and his whereabouts were unknown. Some people say that Emperor Wen Jian died in the palace and set himself on fire, or Emperor Yun Jian died in a tunnel, became a monk and traveled around the world. It is said that the orthodox court entered the palace and died.

The true whereabouts of Wen Jian became an unsolved mystery in the Ming Dynasty. After Judy became emperor, she wantonly killed civil servants and military commanders who offered suggestions to Wen Jian and refused to welcome him. Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng, Jing Qing, etc. Killed by the whole family: "Life is red, and in the family's excuse, it is called Guateng Copy, and the village is the city." Fang Xiaoru, known as the "seed of reading", refused to write an imperial edict for Judy, and all nine families were killed. It's not over yet. All his friends and proteges were killed by one family, and 873 people were killed by ten families. This kind of cleaning was extremely cruel, and thousands of people died tragically by Judy's butcher's knife. The four-year "Jingnan War" caused great damage to the social economy that had just been restored in the early Ming Dynasty, but the areas directly trampled by the war suffered serious losses. History books say that "the bow of the Huaihe River north is a lush grassland", which should be the truth.