How did Zhang Zeduan create The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival? What is revealed behind the prosperity?

How did Zhang Zeduan create The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival? What is revealed behind the prosperity? I bring a detailed article for your reference.

Zhang Zeduan was a master painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Good at drawing buildings, houses, trees and people. The genre paintings of shops, bridges, streets and battlements are meticulous, accurate and vivid. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the only masterpiece of Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a national treasure, which is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. In the five-meter-long picture scroll, a large number of various figures are drawn, including cattle, mules, donkeys and other livestock, cars, sedan chairs, large and small ships, houses, bridges and towers, reflecting the architectural characteristics of the Song Dynasty. It has high historical value and artistic value.

Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong, Langya, during the northern Song Shenzong period. He is a native of Shandong to the core. From an early age, his parents educated him according to the goal of "studying for the imperial examination", hoping that he would become a "child of others' family". The son of Lao Wang next door memorized The Analects of Confucius in a year, but Zhang Zeduan couldn't. Because it is difficult to improve academic performance, Zhang Zeduan * * * an egg shaped thing was beaten less. When he grew up, Zhang Zeduan thought, "Do you really want to marry the second girl of the village chief and plant a few acres of land so that you can live forever?" No, I can't fly by myself. I must look for tomorrow.

He turned to go home and said to his parents, "I'm going to Tokyo to see the world." Whether my parents agree or not, I will leave. He brought some big cakes and green onions to eat on the road. A person's real maturity begins with knowing who he is. Zhang Zeduan set off. He used his own experience to prove that even a stupid child has spring.

Some people say that if God closes a window for you, he will definitely open a door for you. After a month's camping and trekking, Zhang Zeduan finally came to the capital of Dasong. Just from the countryside to the big city, I have no time or money to play, so I have to find a job to support myself. There are many billboards in Tokyo. Zhang Zeduan looked at them carefully. "Ah, there is a painting and calligraphy shop for handyman apprentices. Let me try. " Although his grades are not good, Zhang Zeduan is a scholar after all. In that evil feudal dynasty, it would be great to be able to read.

Zhang Zeduan successfully passed the interview and became an apprentice in a painting and calligraphy shop. He grinds ink and cuts paper every day, and gradually finds himself with an unspeakable love for painting. There are always two best opportunities to learn a trade: ten years ago and now. Since you like it, learn it from the beginning. Starting from the most basic brushwork and painting, Zhang Zeduan gradually showed his talent for painting, and his skills advanced by leaps and bounds under the guidance of his master. Three years later, Zhang Zeduan's painting level has become a minor celebrity in Tokyo.

One day, the whole city of Tokyo was crazy about a news: the emperor wanted to open the imperial examination and recruit art students. God, this is really an era of dreams. Zhang Zeduan picked up the brush, picked up the paper and went straight to the examination room. Song Huizong divided the exam into six subjects: Buddhism and Taoism, figures, mountains and rivers, birds and animals, flowers and trees, and houses and trees. He personally wrote three questions: stepping on flowers and returning to horseshoes; Selling restaurants by the bamboo lock bridge; The ancient temple in the mountains. And it is stipulated: "Painting should not only have form, but also be meaningful. Only with clever conception can it be original."

Zhang Zeduan is best at painting houses and buildings, so he chose the topic of "hiding ancient temples in the mountains". In order to express the artistic conception of "hiding"? Zhang Zeduan deliberately didn't paint temples, how can he show "ancient temples"? He drew a towering mountain. A mountain road spreads upward from the foot of the mountain and goes straight into the clouds. At the foot of the mountain, a monk is drawing water from the stream. It's wonderful that there are mountains, monks and temples. Song Huizong personally commented: "This theme, this painting is the first."

Learning is not expensive, but learning is important. As long as you can do your best in your own field, it is a successful life. Zhang Zeduan was admitted to the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute established in Song Huizong with excellent results. This Shandong youth, who is not very smart in reading, completely opened the shackles of spirit after discovering his own good field, as if he had seen a new world. In Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute, as long as you get good grades, nothing is impossible. Painting and calligraphy institutes set up titles such as learning painting, learning art, waiting for faith, offering sacrifices, waiting for students and evaluating students every month. As long as their grades improve and reach a certain standard, they can be promoted to a higher level and receive more generous salaries.

Zhang Zeduan is like a duck to water here, humming "serfs turn over and sing" every day. He not only improved his painting level, but also became classmates with some famous painters: Wang Ximeng, who painted "A Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers", and Li Tang, who created a new style of landscape painting.

At that time, Wang Ximeng was only 18 years old. When he was recruited by Song Huizong to paint in the palace, he was not very outstanding. But Song Huizong had a good eye for pearls. Knowing that he was very talented, he taught him to draw in person. A national best teacher, a student with the highest talent, only took half a year, and made achievements that influenced future generations for thousands of years.

Wang Ximeng's family is not good either. He can get personal advice from the emperor and is often moved to tears. After studying hard for half a year, I drew a picture and gave it to my emperor's teacher, named "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains". The students made gratifying achievements, and Zhang Zeduan felt a little sad: "Why can others draw such excellent works?" After a few days of thinking, he understood: "The real kung fu of painting is not in paper and pen at all, but in the heart." Only by deeply understanding the world can we know that things are difficult and human feelings are warm and cold. With rich social experience, we can understand the height of temples and the distance between rivers and lakes. Zhang Zeduan thought he should leave the painting and calligraphy institute for a period of time and go outside to see what the real society really looks like.

Zhang Zeduan stepped out of the "Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute" and wanted to have a closer look at Tokyo, the capital of the Dasong Dynasty. Tokyo is divided into inner city and outer city. Fiona Fang, 40 miles outside the city, is surrounded by the Hulong River with a width of 12 feet, defending the city's million people. On both sides of the Hulong River, willows are planted. Whenever the grass grows and the warbler flies, Liu Xufei is like snow. A war shed is set up on the city wall every 100 step, and soldiers stand guard in the morning and evening to watch every move nearby. Every 200 steps, there is an arsenal containing weapons such as knives, guns, sticks and bows, which soldiers can take out at any time and put into battle. Seen from a distance, it is as orderly as a military camp. The inner city of Fiona Fang is 20 miles, and Chaihe, Bianhe, Zhang Wu and Jinshui pass through it.

Grain, silk and porcelain shipped from the southeast all entered Tokyo from the riverside. If there is a traffic jam on this river, all the people in the city will starve to death. The palace where the emperor lived is in the middle of the inner city. Zhang Zeduan didn't dare to go too close, so he could only watch from a distance. The doors of the palace are painted with red paint, and the big gold nails stand out in the red paint. The walls around are all brick carvings, and figures such as dragons, dragons and flying clouds fly very high, and they usually go with the wind when they release Buddha.

"Hey, hey, what are you doing? Do you want to rebel?" The guards on patrol saw Zhang Zeduan looking at the palace, and a big hat was instantly buckled down. Zhang Zeduan which dare to stay, hurriedly back to shout. I ran more than 200 meters south without stopping, and I was relieved to see that the guards didn't catch up. Where the hell is this?

He spent a penny on a three-day trip to Zhang Dongjing, studied it carefully for half a day, and looked around: "This is Nanmen Street, and there are Tangjia Gold and Silver Store, Wenzhou Lacquerware Store and Suoguo Temple in the south. Go straight south from Yujie Street, cross the state bridge, and you will arrive at the residential area. Both sides are residential areas. It is said that there are Chejia Coal Shop, Zhangjia Hotel, Plum Blossom Steamed Bun Shop, Chinese Restaurant and Cao Meat Pie. Hey, this place is nice. The best hotel should be that one, 72 Arvin a catty of silver bottle wine and 8 1 Arvin a catty of mutton wine. Teahouses and mutton shops are next to it, and brothels are on the west, which is called "Yuan Jie". Hey, hey, hey, this way.

Zhang Zeduan went out of Zhuquemen, came to Jinlong Bridge, and went straight to Qiao Zhou. When he arrived here, he was completely dumbfounded: he never thought that there was such a prosperous place in the world. Pig breasts are sold in the street, as well as wild foxes, chickens, duck feet and so on, and there are countless kinds. Zhang Zeduan snorted: "Isn't there no animal protection law in Dasong?" The aunt who sells steamed buns next to her has a sharp ear and scolds him: "Brother, protect animals and eat northwest wind."

Zhang Zeduan face a red, shan shan a smile. He went up to his aunt and asked, "How much is this steamed stuffed bun?" Aunt shook her fat waist: "There are many kinds of steamed buns in our family, including goose, duck, chicken, rabbit, belly lung and eel. One is 15, which is not expensive. " Zhang Zeduan heard: "It's so cheap, come two."

When aunt saw that he was a fool, she pointed out to him: "Our street is full of snacks. Every family is not expensive You'd better eat a little, starting with my steamed stuffed bun and eating it all the way to the pig brain in Longjinqiao at the end of the street. This is called "miscellaneous chewing", enough for you to eat until midnight. " Later, according to the security guard of "Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute", Zhang Zeduan returned to the dormitory holding the wall that day. He vomited as soon as he came back. Aunt cleaning counted more than a dozen foods: cut sheep's head, raw papaya, litchi paste, crystal jiaozi, cranberry, winter moon rabbit, pigskin, wild duck meat, and rock sugar Sydney.

In the snack street, Zhang Zeduan is really full. He practiced the meaning of "delicious". After a good rest for three days, Zhang Zeduan set off again: it's nothing to suffer more for the sake of his ideal. After all, eating too much is not good for your health, and you have to see a doctor. He went directly to Fengqiumen, where a street was flanked by a pharmacy. There are many righteous light and famous doctors.

Dr. Du is very good at treating trauma, and many gangsters like to find him. Dr. Cao is good at symptoms such as colds; Li's medical skills are ancestral, and his family's pediatrics is a must; As a doctor, he focused on obstetrics for 20 years and was called "a friend of middle-aged and elderly women". Zhang Zeduan searched and searched, and finally found a Yi Guang who was good at treating internal medicine. The saint-like doctor told him directly: "Eat less in the future, there is nothing wrong with it, get out." Zhang Zeduan was directly blown out, pointing to the sky and cursing: "What attitude, Lao Tzu wants to complain about you."

Don't eat if you don't want to. I'm going to the theater. The raiders said, "The best theater is Sangjiawazi in South Street." Zhang Zeduan came to South Street according to the map and was completely shocked again. Sangjiawazi is just a general term, and the landlord of this place is surnamed Sang. Boss sang rented out all the rooms inside, and the tenants opened more than 50 theaters, large and small, and applause, whistles and voices were endless. The largest is the elephant shed, which can hold thousands of people at the same time. If it is performed by masters such as Wang Tuanzi and Zhang Qisheng, the people who eat melons will almost crush the elephant shed.

With so many people coming to the theater, many peripheral industries have been promoted by the way. In addition to more than 50 theatres, there are Xiao Erlang pushing a scooter to purchase goods, a blind old man with a broken flagpole telling fortune everywhere, gambler shouting "Five No.1 Scholars, Six Six Six Six Six", and a hairdresser sharpening his knife and cutting a piece of paper into various shapes ... Zhang Zeduan didn't go anywhere all day, and go to the opera watched the play and watched the gambling in Sangjiawazi. "I live here all day and I can't feel the sun."

Day after day, year after year, Zhang Zeduan's footprints are left in the streets of Tokyo. He knows the city like the back of his hand. He knows which steamed stuffed bun is the best by Jinlong Bridge, who is delivered by Dr. Fengqiumen, which route the little brother who delivers meals usually takes, which restaurant the court officials like to go to see the scenery, and even knows which famous prostitute XXX likes.

After it snows, street officials will hand out 10 "firewood charcoal money" door to door, so that residents can have food and firewood when they can't do their work. Tokyo is already in my heart, and I want to draw a picture that is no less than "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and dedicate it to your majesty.

Zhang Zeduan spread out rice paper, picked up a brush, dipped in thick ink brush gently fell on the paper, and outlined all the features of this big city. Different from the previous "freehand brushwork" landscape painting, this painting gives you the most subtle outline. The vast Yuan Ye, the vast rivers, the rivets on cars, the goods on the stalls and the words on billboards all occupy a place in the painting. Officials' sedan chairs walk on the official road, businessmen sell goods in Suoguo Temple, farmers farm in suburban fields, and women and children play happily by the river. Even the cargo on board, the structure of rivets and the smiling faces of children are clearly drawn. There has never been such a masterpiece, which can show the style and features of a city in such a grand and delicate way.

A year later, Zhang Zeduan brought his painstakingly painted paintings into the palace to meet the emperor who appreciated him and promoted him. Looking at this unprecedented masterpiece, Song Huizong personally wrote the inscription "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" at the front of the scroll, and stamped his favorite small seal of Shuanglong. Since then, this painting has been collected in the palace. 1 126, the northeast nomads crossed the Yellow River and entered Tokyo. The accumulation in Song Dynasty 166 years includes musical instruments, classics, calligraphy and painting, antiques and jade articles. All these were plundered and burned by savage nomads. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival also captured the Snow Country in Northeast China. Since then, the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival has been endowed with another meaning: the country dies and the people die.

Just like this painting, it was born in the prosperous time of the Song Dynasty in Bianliang, and was plundered by the Jin Army to the icy northeast. The descendants of the State of Jin gradually forgot their ancestors' bravery and bravery, got lost in the splendid mountains and rivers of the Central Plains, and were trampled to death by Mongolian fighters in the north. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival went to Kublai Khan's palace again. In the imperial palace of the Yuan Dynasty, it witnessed the viciousness of people's hearts: craftsmen used Gankun's great move to fill the palace's collections with fakes and sell the original works to Mongolian nobles. Before the transaction was completed, it was secretly sold to Chen Yanlian in Hangzhou by a middleman. Since then, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been circulated among the people for 300 years.

After rich merchants in Yangzhou, landlords in Jiangxi and gentry in Suzhou, they finally fell into the hands of Yan Song, the cabinet record of the Ming Dynasty. After the fall of Yan Song, his property was confiscated. "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" briefly turned around in Wanli's hand, and it reached Zhang's comrade-in-arms. In the Qing Dynasty, the riverside scene on the Qingming Festival fell into the hands of the Manchu emperor. In the end, Puyi did not save this painting, which has been collected by the Palace Museum ever since. The Riverside Map on Qingming Festival finally found its best home.

Since the birth of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival for thousands of years, Zhang Zeduan has long been forgotten by people, so that the characters' lives are recorded in less than 100 words. Song Huizong, who wrote the inscription, has long been the object of the people who eat melons, loudly reprimanding him for doing nothing, and making the people in the Central Plains suffer for 200 years. The rich merchants, landlords and gentry who collected it have all passed away, while Chen Yanlian, Yan Song, Feng Bao, Gan Long and Puyi have all turned into a handful of loess. Only The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival witnessed the changes of the country, the viciousness of people's hearts and the hell on earth after the country's demise.

The picture scroll is still the picture of a thousand years ago, but the world is not the world of that year. In this world, you and I are both passers-by. Only good things are eternal. Just like the postscript poem in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival: The capital of Bianliang has been the capital of emperors since ancient times. Which generation is it looking for? I only cherish Qin Hui, which comes from the north. Up to now, the roads are overgrown with weeds. The wonderful picture is conscious and the scenery is thoughtful. How much does the host know and where to find the spring breeze.